海水青鳉胚胎发育的观察
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摘要
为了解模式生物种海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育特征,作者培育30日龄的海水青鳉,收集自然受精卵,在水温26~28℃、盐度27~28条件下,静水孵化。利用奥林巴斯SZ61解剖镜对海水青鳉胚胎发育进行了观察研究。结果表明:海水青鳉受精卵为圆球形端黄卵,多油球,沉性,卵膜上具有绒毛膜和纤维丝。和多数硬骨相似,胚胎发育的过程大致可以分为7个期:胚盘形成期、细胞分裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、器官形成期、肌肉效应期和孵化期。并发现海水青鳉胚胎发育有其特征:早期分裂具有不规则现象;仔鱼以尾部破膜先出的方式孵化;柯氏囊出现在原口关闭前,少数个体具有两个柯氏囊。
This study aims to observe the embryonic development characteristics of marine medaka. As a promising model, Oryzias melastigma was cultivated 30 days after hatching as broodstock and naturally fertilized eggs were collected. The fertilized eggs were incubated in filtered sea water at 26–28℃ and at 32–33 salinity without ventilation. The ontogenetic embryos of O. melastigma were observed using an Olympus SZ-61 microscope. The total development time of every stage was noted and calculated; characteristic images were taken using a digital camera. The results show that the fertilized eggs were globular, multiple oil globules, or demersal. The outermost structure of the egg was covered with a number of short villi and long attaching filaments. The embryonic development includes various stages such as the blastodisc, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neurula, organogenesis, tail bud, heart beating, and hatching. Significant differences between O. melastigma were observed, which are as follows:(1) Irregular blastomeres occurred in early cleavage;(2) The way of hatching was tail-first escaping from the chorion;(3) Two Kupffer, s vesicles appeared in some embryos.
This study aims to observe the embryonic development characteristics of marine medaka. As a promising model, Oryzias melastigma was cultivated 30 days after hatching as broodstock and naturally fertilized eggs were collected. The fertilized eggs were incubated in filtered sea water at 26–28℃ and at 32–33 salinity without ventilation. The ontogenetic embryos of O. melastigma were observed using an Olympus SZ-61 microscope. The total development time of every stage was noted and calculated; characteristic images were taken using a digital camera. The results show that the fertilized eggs were globular, multiple oil globules, or demersal. The outermost structure of the egg was covered with a number of short villi and long attaching filaments. The embryonic development includes various stages such as the blastodisc, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neurula, organogenesis, tail bud, heart beating, and hatching. Significant differences between O. melastigma were observed, which are as follows:(1) Irregular blastomeres occurred in early cleavage;(2) The way of hatching was tail-first escaping from the chorion;(3) Two Kupffer, s vesicles appeared in some embryos.
引文
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[16]孙珺竹,张全启,齐洁,等.牙鲆(♀)×圆斑星鲽(♂)杂交子代的胚胎及仔鱼发育[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(5):732-737.Sun Junzhu,Zhang Quanqi,Qi Jie,et al.Embryonic and larval development in hybrid between Paralichthys olivaceus(♀)and Verasper variegates(♂)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(5):732-737.
[17]关键,柳学周,兰春燕,等.褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态学观察[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(4):644-650.Guan Jian,Liu Xuezhou,Lan Chunyan,et al.Observation of embryonic and larval development of crossbreed F1 by Paralichthys olivaceus(♀)×Paralichthys dentatus(♂)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(4):644-650.
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[20]Kupffer C.Beobachtungeaüber die entwicklung der knochenfische[J].Arch Mikrob Anat,1868,4:209-272.
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[22]官曙光,刘洪军,李祥东,等.黑棘鲷胚胎发育过程及特殊结构观察[J].海洋科学,2011,35(9):68-72.Guan Shuguang,Liu Hongjun,Li Xiangdong,et al.Observation of embryonic development of Acanthopagrus schlegelii[J].Marine Science,2011,35(9):68-72.
[23]佟雪红,马道远,徐世宏,等.大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)胚胎发育的形态学和组织学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(6):844-849.Tong Xuehong,Ma Daoyuan,Xu Shihong,et al.Morphological and histological development of the embryo of turbot Scophthalmus maximus[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2011,42(6):844-849.
[2]穆景利,王莹,王新红,等.Cd2+、Hg2+、Cr6+和Pb2+对黑点青鳉(Oryziasmelastigma)早期生活阶段的毒性效应研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):252-360.Mu Jingli,Wang Ying,Wang Xinhong,et al.Toxic effects of cadmium,mercury,chromium and lead on the early life stage of marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2011,6(4):252-360.
[3]王赛男,刘春艳,穆景利,等.不同分散剂对海水青鳉早期发育毒性影响的比较研究[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):801-805.Wang Sainan,Liu Chunyan,MU Jingli,et al.Comparative study on the toxicity of different dispersants to the early development of marine medaka(Oryzias melatigma)[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013,32(6):801-805.
[4]张灵.鱼类毒理蛋白质组学研究进展:以海洋青鳉鱼和斑马鱼为例[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(4):616-621.Zhang Ling.Research progress on toxicoproteomics in fish:Using marine medaka and zebrafish as models[J].Marine Environmental Science,2015,34(4):616-621.
[5]Brannen K C,Panzica-Kelly J M,Danberry T L,et al.Development of a zebrafish embryo teratogenicity assay and quantitative prediction model[J].Birth Defects Research Part B:Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology,2010,89(1):66-77.
[6]Embry M R,belanger S E,braunbeck T A,et al.The fish embryo toxicity test as an animal alternative method in hazard and risk assessment and scientific research[J].Aquatic Toxicol,,2010,97(2):79-87.
[7]Wheeler J R,Leung K M Y,Morritt D,et al.Freshwater to saltwater toxicity extrapolation using species sensitivity distribution[J].Environ Toxicol Chem,2002,21,2459-2467.
[8]陈漪,王晓杰,冉浩宇,等.海洋模式种青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育观察[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):72-84.Chen Yi,Wang Xiaojie,Ran Haoyu,et al.Developmental stages of a marine model fish-Medaka Oryzias melastigma[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):72-84.
[9]Takashi Iwamatsu.Stages of normal development in the medaka Oryias latipes[J].Mechanisms of Development,2004,121:605-618.
[10]Ahlstrom E H,Moser H G.Characters useful in identification of pelagic marine fish eggs[J].Reports of California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations,1980,21:121-131.
[11]Riis Vestergaard.Energy density of marine pelagic fish eggs[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2002,60:1511-1528.
[12]胡发文,潘雷,高凤祥,等.大泷六线鱼胚胎发育及其与水温的关系[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(1):28-33.Hu Fawen,Pan Lei,Gao Fengxiang,et al.Embryonic development of Hexagrammos otakii and its relationship with incubation temperature[J].Progess in Fishery Sciences,2012,33(1):28-33.
[13]王珊珊,罗海忠,李伟业,等.棘颊雀鲷的胚胎发育形态学研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(8):102-105.Wang Shanshan,Luo Haizhong,Li Weiye,et al.Study on the morphological characteristics of embryonic development of Premnas biaculeatus[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2015,43(8):102-105.
[14]张曹进,张志勇,张志伟,等.半滑舌鳎胚胎发育及稚鱼变态过程观察[J].水产养殖,2011,32(10):48-51.Zhang Caojin,Zhang Zhiyong,Zhang Zhiwei,et al.Study on the embryonic and larva metamorphosis development of Cynoglossus semilaevis[J].Journal of Aquaculture,2011,32(10):48-51.
[15]于道德,刘名,刘洪军,等.黄海大头鳕胚胎发育过程[J].海洋科学,2014,38(3):80-86.Yu Daode,Liu Ming,Liu Hongjun,et al.The embryonic development of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius[J].Marine Science,2014,38(3):80-86.
[16]孙珺竹,张全启,齐洁,等.牙鲆(♀)×圆斑星鲽(♂)杂交子代的胚胎及仔鱼发育[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(5):732-737.Sun Junzhu,Zhang Quanqi,Qi Jie,et al.Embryonic and larval development in hybrid between Paralichthys olivaceus(♀)and Verasper variegates(♂)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(5):732-737.
[17]关键,柳学周,兰春燕,等.褐牙鲆(♀)×犬齿牙鲆(♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态学观察[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(4):644-650.Guan Jian,Liu Xuezhou,Lan Chunyan,et al.Observation of embryonic and larval development of crossbreed F1 by Paralichthys olivaceus(♀)×Paralichthys dentatus(♂)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(4):644-650.
[18]陈国柱,方展强,马广智,等.唐鱼胚胎发育的观察[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(6):489-495.Chen Guozhu,Fang Zhanqiang,Ma Guangzhi,et al.Embryonic development of Tanichthys albonubes[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2004,11(6):489-495.
[19]Wei Gang,Huang Ling,Chen Yong,et al.Observation on the embryonic development of Pseudobagrus nitidus[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science),2002,27:567-571.
[20]Kupffer C.Beobachtungeaüber die entwicklung der knochenfische[J].Arch Mikrob Anat,1868,4:209-272.
[21]肖志忠,郑炯,于道德,等.条石鲷早期发育的形态特征[J].海洋科学,2008,32(3):25-30.Xiao Zhizhong,Zheng Jiong,Yu Daode,et al.Developmental characters at the early stayes of the Japanese parrotfish(Oplegnathus fasciatus)[J].Marine Science,2008,32(3):25-30.
[22]官曙光,刘洪军,李祥东,等.黑棘鲷胚胎发育过程及特殊结构观察[J].海洋科学,2011,35(9):68-72.Guan Shuguang,Liu Hongjun,Li Xiangdong,et al.Observation of embryonic development of Acanthopagrus schlegelii[J].Marine Science,2011,35(9):68-72.
[23]佟雪红,马道远,徐世宏,等.大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)胚胎发育的形态学和组织学研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(6):844-849.Tong Xuehong,Ma Daoyuan,Xu Shihong,et al.Morphological and histological development of the embryo of turbot Scophthalmus maximus[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2011,42(6):844-849.