辽东湾海域有色可溶性有机物荧光特征分析
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摘要
为了分析辽东湾有色可溶性有机物(Chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)的分布特征,于2015年4月14日—5月3日采用"走航式"测量方法,分别获取了辽东湾海域32个站位表层、5、10 m 3个不同深度水层的CDOM荧光图谱、吸收系数和石油物质含量等数据。结果表明:表层(0 m)CDOM的荧光图谱分为3种类型:单峰型、双峰型和三峰型,5、10 m深水层CDOM的荧光图谱主要为单峰型和双峰型;3种峰型均包含位于激发波长(Ex)/发射波长(Em)为225~235 nm/325~350 nm的荧光峰,这主要是海水浮游植物自身降解产生的色氨酸产生的;在靠近海上油气开采平台和双台子河入海口的海域,油物质和CDOM的共同作用,使得位于这些区域的站点表层的荧光强度明显增强,荧光峰的范围也有所增大;表层、10 m深水层荧光强度最大值和最小值随站位的走势基本一致,而5 m深水层的走势就比较复杂;无论是哪种类型的荧光峰,其位置随着水深的增加基本保持不变,荧光强度随水深变化规律不明显。本研究中建立的由荧光峰强度(Af)和CDOM在440 nm处吸收系数[ag(440)]的比值来求解光谱斜率(S)的模型,可为利用荧光和可见光遥感技术反演光谱斜率S提供一种新方法。
The fluorescence spectra and absorption coefficients of chromophoric dissolved organic matter( CDOM)and levels of petroleum-polluted materials were analyzed by navigational style at three depths of 0,5 and 10 meters at 32 stations in Liaodong Bay from April 14,2015 to May 3,2015 to understanding of distribution characteristics of CDOM in Liaodong Bay. The results showed that three characteristics of the CDOM fluorescence were observed throughout the Liaodong Bay. Firstly the fluorescent spectra of CDOM in surface sea water( 0 m) were divided into three types of curves,monopeak,dual peak and tripeak; fluorescence spectra of CDOM in the 5 m and 10 m water in the east coast were mainly monopeak,and dual peak; all fluorescence spectra had a fluorescence peak at excitation wavelength/emission wavelength of 225-235 nm/325-350 nm due to the release of tryptophan produced by the degradation of marine phytoplankton. Secondly the fluorescence intensity of surface sea water was obviously increased,and the scope of the fluorescence peak was also expanded in Shuangtaizihe Estuary and close to the offshore oil platform with combined effects of oil substances and CDOM. Thirdly distribution trends of the maximum and minimum values of fluorescence intensity were basically the same at 0 m and 10 m water layer,but the fluorescence intensity change was relatively complicated at 5 m water layer. There was no significant relationship between fluorescence intensity and water depth,without changes in position of all types of fluorescence peaks with depth. Finally a model was established for solving the spectral slope S from the fluorescence peak intensity Afand CDOM absorption coefficient at 440 nm ag( 440),which provides a new method for the inversion of spectral slope S by using fluorescence and visible light remote sensing.
The fluorescence spectra and absorption coefficients of chromophoric dissolved organic matter( CDOM)and levels of petroleum-polluted materials were analyzed by navigational style at three depths of 0,5 and 10 meters at 32 stations in Liaodong Bay from April 14,2015 to May 3,2015 to understanding of distribution characteristics of CDOM in Liaodong Bay. The results showed that three characteristics of the CDOM fluorescence were observed throughout the Liaodong Bay. Firstly the fluorescent spectra of CDOM in surface sea water( 0 m) were divided into three types of curves,monopeak,dual peak and tripeak; fluorescence spectra of CDOM in the 5 m and 10 m water in the east coast were mainly monopeak,and dual peak; all fluorescence spectra had a fluorescence peak at excitation wavelength/emission wavelength of 225-235 nm/325-350 nm due to the release of tryptophan produced by the degradation of marine phytoplankton. Secondly the fluorescence intensity of surface sea water was obviously increased,and the scope of the fluorescence peak was also expanded in Shuangtaizihe Estuary and close to the offshore oil platform with combined effects of oil substances and CDOM. Thirdly distribution trends of the maximum and minimum values of fluorescence intensity were basically the same at 0 m and 10 m water layer,but the fluorescence intensity change was relatively complicated at 5 m water layer. There was no significant relationship between fluorescence intensity and water depth,without changes in position of all types of fluorescence peaks with depth. Finally a model was established for solving the spectral slope S from the fluorescence peak intensity Afand CDOM absorption coefficient at 440 nm ag( 440),which provides a new method for the inversion of spectral slope S by using fluorescence and visible light remote sensing.
引文
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[11]范冠南,毛志华,陈鹏,等.长江口及其邻近海域CDOM光谱吸收特性分析[J].海洋学研究,2013,31(1):53-58.
[12]黄妙芬,宋庆君,邢旭峰,等.石油污染水体荧光图谱特征分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(9):2466-2471.
[13]Lee Z P,Carder K L,Peacock T G,et al.Method to derive ocean absorption coefficients from remote-sensing reflectance[J].Applied Optics,1996,35(3):453-462.
[14]黄妙芬,宋庆君,毛志华,等.应用CDOM光学特性估算水体COD——以辽宁省盘锦市双台子河和辽东湾为例[J].海洋学报,2011,33(3):47-54.
[15]黄妙芬,唐军武,宋庆君.石油类污染水体吸收特性分析[J].遥感学报,2010,14(1):140-156.
[16]Ritchie J C,Zimba P V,Everitt James H.Remote sensing techniques to assess water quality[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2003,69(6):695-704.
[17]Bowers D G,Evans D,Thomas D N,et al.Interpreting the colour of an estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59(1):13-20.
[18]刘明,毕远溥,龚艳君,等.典型海湾生态环境综合整治对策的初步研究——以辽宁省锦州湾和葫芦山湾为例[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(3):272-275.
[19]刘伟,丁君,李润玲,等.黄、渤海沿岸海水养殖池塘冰期环境因子变化的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(1):51-56.
[20]Richard G Z,Wade N S,Mary A M.Dissolved organic fluorophores in southeaster in US coastal waters:correction method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scattering peaks in excitation-emission at rice[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,89(1-4):15-36.
[21]Bahram M,Bro R,Stedmon C,et al.Handling of Rayleigh and Raman scatter for PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence data using interpolation[J].Journal of Chemometrics,2007,20(3-4):99-105.
[22]Xing X F,Lv X Q,Liu F,et al.Analysis of CDOM fluorescence spectrum characteristics in coastal water and its application[J].Proceedings of the SPIE,2014,9158:91580Y1-91580Y2.
[23]Zepp R G,Sheldon W M,Moran M A.Dissolved organic fluorophores in southeastern US coastal waters:correction method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scattering peaks in excitationemission matrices[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,189:15-37.
[2]Liu M L,Zhang Y L,Qin B Q.Characterization of absorption and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter at the river inflow and the open area in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2009,21(2):234-241.
[3]雷霞,郭子祺,田野,等.官厅水库秋季悬浮颗粒物和CDOM吸收特性[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(6):883-891.
[4]赵军杰.基于吸收和荧光性质对中国黄渤海海域有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的分布特征研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:8-10.
[5]胡水波,曹文熙,林俊芳,等.热带东印度洋6°N断面有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)光谱吸收特性[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32(4):13-21.
[6]陈拥,魏珈,林彩,等.基于CDOM光学特性的近海环境富营养化监测[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(12):3803-3808.
[7]Kowalczuk P,Olszewski J,Darecki M,et al.Empirical relationships between coloured dissolved organic matter(CDOM)absorption and apparent optical properties in Baltic Sea waters[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,26(2):345-370.
[8]Zhong R S,Zhang X H,Guan Y T,et al.Three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprint for source determination of dissolved organic matters in polluted river[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(2):347-351.
[9]Del Castillo C E,Coble P G,Morell J M,et al.Analysis of the optical properties of the Orinoco River plume by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Marine Chemistry,1999,66(1-2):35-51.
[10]冯龙庆.基于高光谱遥感的太湖水体藻蓝素和CDOM浓度估算模型研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011:9-12.
[11]范冠南,毛志华,陈鹏,等.长江口及其邻近海域CDOM光谱吸收特性分析[J].海洋学研究,2013,31(1):53-58.
[12]黄妙芬,宋庆君,邢旭峰,等.石油污染水体荧光图谱特征分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(9):2466-2471.
[13]Lee Z P,Carder K L,Peacock T G,et al.Method to derive ocean absorption coefficients from remote-sensing reflectance[J].Applied Optics,1996,35(3):453-462.
[14]黄妙芬,宋庆君,毛志华,等.应用CDOM光学特性估算水体COD——以辽宁省盘锦市双台子河和辽东湾为例[J].海洋学报,2011,33(3):47-54.
[15]黄妙芬,唐军武,宋庆君.石油类污染水体吸收特性分析[J].遥感学报,2010,14(1):140-156.
[16]Ritchie J C,Zimba P V,Everitt James H.Remote sensing techniques to assess water quality[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2003,69(6):695-704.
[17]Bowers D G,Evans D,Thomas D N,et al.Interpreting the colour of an estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,59(1):13-20.
[18]刘明,毕远溥,龚艳君,等.典型海湾生态环境综合整治对策的初步研究——以辽宁省锦州湾和葫芦山湾为例[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(3):272-275.
[19]刘伟,丁君,李润玲,等.黄、渤海沿岸海水养殖池塘冰期环境因子变化的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(1):51-56.
[20]Richard G Z,Wade N S,Mary A M.Dissolved organic fluorophores in southeaster in US coastal waters:correction method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scattering peaks in excitation-emission at rice[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,89(1-4):15-36.
[21]Bahram M,Bro R,Stedmon C,et al.Handling of Rayleigh and Raman scatter for PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence data using interpolation[J].Journal of Chemometrics,2007,20(3-4):99-105.
[22]Xing X F,Lv X Q,Liu F,et al.Analysis of CDOM fluorescence spectrum characteristics in coastal water and its application[J].Proceedings of the SPIE,2014,9158:91580Y1-91580Y2.
[23]Zepp R G,Sheldon W M,Moran M A.Dissolved organic fluorophores in southeastern US coastal waters:correction method for eliminating Rayleigh and Raman scattering peaks in excitationemission matrices[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,189:15-37.
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