洪泽湖鱼类群落结构及其资源变化
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摘要
根据2017-2018年在洪泽湖湖心、成子湖湾、保护区湖湾和淮河入湖口进行的鱼类资源调查,结合历年渔业捕捞统计数据,分析了该水域的鱼类群落结构及资源变化趋势.调查共采获鱼类51种,隶属10目16科41属,其中鲤形目种类最多,占总数的62.7%;群落优势种为鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、■(Hemiculter leucisculus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)等7种,鱼类群落的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数处于一般至较丰富水平.不同类型湖区间鱼类种类及优势种组成存在一定差异,其中湖心、淮河入湖口的生物多样性指数整体高于成子湖湾、保护区湖湾.与历史资料相比,洪泽湖鱼类的物种数量下降,鱼类资源组成结构发生较大变化,鱼类个体小型化趋势明显,捕捞强度过大、水位波动和水质污染是洪泽湖渔业资源衰退的主要因素.
Based on the historical data of fish catches and fyke nets investigations on fish assemblage from 2017 to 2018 in different lake regions of Lake Hongze,the characteristics of fish community structure and dynamic variation of fishery resources were analyzed. The results showed that only 51 species( belonging to 41 genera,16 families and 10 orders) were collected and Cypriniformes had the largest species number,accounting for 62.7% of the total species captured. Aristichthys nobilis,Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius auratus,Coilia nasus,etc. were the total 7 dominant species in the lake. The Margalef richness index,ShannonWiener index and Pielou evenness index were medium in the whole lake,with higher values in the estuary and central region than two bay areas. Compared with historical data,the composition of fish community and the dominant species had changed,and the miniaturized tendency of fish resources was more obvious. Overfishing,water-level fluctuation and water pollution are potential main reasons for observed shifts in the fish assemblage.
Based on the historical data of fish catches and fyke nets investigations on fish assemblage from 2017 to 2018 in different lake regions of Lake Hongze,the characteristics of fish community structure and dynamic variation of fishery resources were analyzed. The results showed that only 51 species( belonging to 41 genera,16 families and 10 orders) were collected and Cypriniformes had the largest species number,accounting for 62.7% of the total species captured. Aristichthys nobilis,Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius auratus,Coilia nasus,etc. were the total 7 dominant species in the lake. The Margalef richness index,ShannonWiener index and Pielou evenness index were medium in the whole lake,with higher values in the estuary and central region than two bay areas. Compared with historical data,the composition of fish community and the dominant species had changed,and the miniaturized tendency of fish resources was more obvious. Overfishing,water-level fluctuation and water pollution are potential main reasons for observed shifts in the fish assemblage.
引文
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[5] Wu XB. Change of Hongze Lake over 60 years. China Water Resources,2009,14:21-23.[吴晓兵.洪泽湖60年的变迁.中国水利,2009,14:21-23.]
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[8] Zhang CW,Zhang TL,Zhu TB et al. Community structure of macrozoobenthos and its relationship with environmental factors in Lake Hongze. Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(3):27-33. DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.2012.03.003.[张超文,张堂林,朱挺兵等.洪泽湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):27-33.]
[9] Zhao LS,Cheng F,Zhang L et al. Growth,mortality and evaluation of resource utilization for two Salangidae,Protosalanx hyalocranius and Neosalanx taihuensis in Hongze Lake. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2018,42(2):240-249. DOI:10.7541/2018.030.[赵丽爽,程飞,张磊等.洪泽湖大银鱼和太湖新银鱼的生长、死亡参数及资源利用状况.水生生物学报,2018,42(2):240-249.]
[10] Lin ML,Zhang TL,Ye SW et al. Status of fish resources,historical variation and fisheries management strategies in Hongze Lake. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2013,37(6):1118-1127. DOI:10.7541/2013.152.[林明利,张堂林,叶少文等.洪泽湖鱼类资源现状、历史变动和渔业管理策略.水生生物学报,2013,37(6):1118-1127.]
[11] Ni Y,Wu HL eds. Fishes of Jiangsu Province. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006:1-963.[倪勇,伍汉霖.江苏鱼类志.北京:中国农业出版社,2006:1-963.]
[12] Pinkas L,Oliphant MS,Iverson ILK. Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin,1971,152:1-105.
[13] Krebs CJ ed. Ecological methodology. New York:Harper Collins Publishers,1989:328-368.
[14] Yi BL ed. Fish ecology. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural College Press,1982:2-4.[易伯鲁.鱼类生态学.武汉:华中农学院出版社,1982:2-4.]
[15] Charles HC. Design of fishways and other fish facilities. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2017:1-256.
[16] Liu WL,Deng W,Wang GX et al. Aquatic macrophyte status and variation characteristics in the past 50 years in Hongzehu Lake. Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(6):1-8. DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.2009.06.001.[刘伟龙,邓伟,王根绪等.洪泽湖水生植被现状及过去50多年的变化特征研究.水生态学杂志,2009,2(6):1-8.]
[17] Mooney HA,Cleland EE. The evolutionary impact of invasive species. PNAS,2001,98(10):5446-5451. DOI:10.1073/pnas.091093398.
[18] Mao ZG,Gu XH,Zeng QF et al. Community structure and diversity of fish in Lake Taihu. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2836-2842.[毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性研究.生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842.]
[19] Magurran AE. Ecological diversity and its measurement. New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988:7-45.
[20] Liu QG,Shen JZ,Chen MK et al. Advances of the study on the miniaturization of natural economical fish resources. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14(1):79-83.[刘其根,沈建忠,陈马康等.天然经济鱼类小型化问题的研究进展.上海水产大学学报,2005,14(1):79-83.]
[21] Mao ZG,Gu XH,Zeng QF. The structure of fish community and changes of fishery resources in Lake Hulun. J Lake Sci,2016,28(2):387-394. DOI:10.18307/2016.0219.[毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞.呼伦湖鱼类群落结构及其渔业资源变化.湖泊科学,2016,28(2):387-394.]
[22] Chen P,Ma YW,Xie CG et al. Preliminary study on community structure of fishes in Bositeng Lake. Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(2):36-42.[陈朋,马燕武,谢春刚等.博斯腾湖鱼类群落结构的初步研究.淡水渔业,2014,44(2):36-42.]
[23] Wilhm JL. Use of biomass units in Shannon's formula. Ecology,1968,49:153-156. DOI:10.2307/1933573.
[24] Olin M,Malinen T,Ruuhijrvi J. Gillnet catch in estimating the density and structure of fish community—Comparison of gillnet and trawl samples in a eutrophic lake. Fisheries Research,2009,96:88-94. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.007.
[25] Gibson-Reinemer DK,Ickes BS,Chick JH. Development and assessment of a new method for combining catch per unit effort data from different fish sampling gears:multigear mean standardization(MGMS). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2017,74(1):8-14. DOI:10.1139/cjfas-2016-0003.
[26] Pauly D,Christensen V,Dalsgaard J et al. Fishing down marine food webs. Science,1998,279(6):860-863. DOI:10.1126/science.279.5352.860.
[27] Li J,Wen ZR,Li GC et al. Relationship between crustacean zooplankton community structure and aquatic environmental factors of Meiliang and Gonghu Bay in Lake Taihu. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(1):81-90.DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj2014Z1012.[李娟,温周瑞,李庚辰等.太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾浮游甲壳动物群落结构及其与环境因子的相互关系.长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1):81-90.]
[28] Fischer P,hl U. Effects of water-level fluctuations on the littoral benthic fish community in lakes:A mesocosm experiment. Behavioral Ecology,2005,16(4):741-746. DOI:10.1093/beheco/ari047.
[2] Fan YM,He HC,Cui YX et al. Dynamic analysis of water area in the lake of Hongze basin. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(12):1397-1403.[范亚民,何华春,崔云霞等.淮河中下游洪泽湖水域动态变化研究.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(12):1397-1403.]
[3] Sun J,Tang DY,Ji BC et al eds. Fisheries history of Hongze Lake. Nanjing:Jiangsu Publishing House of Science and Technology,1990:9-47.[孙坚,汤道言,季步成等.洪泽湖渔业史.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1990:9-47.]
[4] Li B,Pu PM. Study on the evolution tendency of water quality in Huai river basin and Hongze Lake. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2003,12(1):67-73.[李波,濮培民.淮河流域及洪泽湖水质的演变趋势分析.长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(1):67-73.]
[5] Wu XB. Change of Hongze Lake over 60 years. China Water Resources,2009,14:21-23.[吴晓兵.洪泽湖60年的变迁.中国水利,2009,14:21-23.]
[6] Zhu SQ,Dou HS eds. The Hongze Lake—Water resources and hydrobiology. Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,1993:1-227.[朱松泉,窦鸿身.洪泽湖水资源和水生生物资源.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1993:1-227.]
[7] Liu G,Li YM,Lv H et al. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentrations in Lake Hongze using long time series MERIS observations. Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3645-3656. DOI:10. 13227/j. hjkx. 201702192.[刘阁,李云梅,吕恒等.基于MERIS影像的洪泽湖叶绿素a浓度时空变化规律分析.环境科学,2017,38(9):3645-3656.]
[8] Zhang CW,Zhang TL,Zhu TB et al. Community structure of macrozoobenthos and its relationship with environmental factors in Lake Hongze. Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(3):27-33. DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.2012.03.003.[张超文,张堂林,朱挺兵等.洪泽湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):27-33.]
[9] Zhao LS,Cheng F,Zhang L et al. Growth,mortality and evaluation of resource utilization for two Salangidae,Protosalanx hyalocranius and Neosalanx taihuensis in Hongze Lake. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2018,42(2):240-249. DOI:10.7541/2018.030.[赵丽爽,程飞,张磊等.洪泽湖大银鱼和太湖新银鱼的生长、死亡参数及资源利用状况.水生生物学报,2018,42(2):240-249.]
[10] Lin ML,Zhang TL,Ye SW et al. Status of fish resources,historical variation and fisheries management strategies in Hongze Lake. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2013,37(6):1118-1127. DOI:10.7541/2013.152.[林明利,张堂林,叶少文等.洪泽湖鱼类资源现状、历史变动和渔业管理策略.水生生物学报,2013,37(6):1118-1127.]
[11] Ni Y,Wu HL eds. Fishes of Jiangsu Province. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006:1-963.[倪勇,伍汉霖.江苏鱼类志.北京:中国农业出版社,2006:1-963.]
[12] Pinkas L,Oliphant MS,Iverson ILK. Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters. California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin,1971,152:1-105.
[13] Krebs CJ ed. Ecological methodology. New York:Harper Collins Publishers,1989:328-368.
[14] Yi BL ed. Fish ecology. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural College Press,1982:2-4.[易伯鲁.鱼类生态学.武汉:华中农学院出版社,1982:2-4.]
[15] Charles HC. Design of fishways and other fish facilities. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2017:1-256.
[16] Liu WL,Deng W,Wang GX et al. Aquatic macrophyte status and variation characteristics in the past 50 years in Hongzehu Lake. Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(6):1-8. DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.2009.06.001.[刘伟龙,邓伟,王根绪等.洪泽湖水生植被现状及过去50多年的变化特征研究.水生态学杂志,2009,2(6):1-8.]
[17] Mooney HA,Cleland EE. The evolutionary impact of invasive species. PNAS,2001,98(10):5446-5451. DOI:10.1073/pnas.091093398.
[18] Mao ZG,Gu XH,Zeng QF et al. Community structure and diversity of fish in Lake Taihu. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2836-2842.[毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性研究.生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842.]
[19] Magurran AE. Ecological diversity and its measurement. New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1988:7-45.
[20] Liu QG,Shen JZ,Chen MK et al. Advances of the study on the miniaturization of natural economical fish resources. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14(1):79-83.[刘其根,沈建忠,陈马康等.天然经济鱼类小型化问题的研究进展.上海水产大学学报,2005,14(1):79-83.]
[21] Mao ZG,Gu XH,Zeng QF. The structure of fish community and changes of fishery resources in Lake Hulun. J Lake Sci,2016,28(2):387-394. DOI:10.18307/2016.0219.[毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞.呼伦湖鱼类群落结构及其渔业资源变化.湖泊科学,2016,28(2):387-394.]
[22] Chen P,Ma YW,Xie CG et al. Preliminary study on community structure of fishes in Bositeng Lake. Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(2):36-42.[陈朋,马燕武,谢春刚等.博斯腾湖鱼类群落结构的初步研究.淡水渔业,2014,44(2):36-42.]
[23] Wilhm JL. Use of biomass units in Shannon's formula. Ecology,1968,49:153-156. DOI:10.2307/1933573.
[24] Olin M,Malinen T,Ruuhijrvi J. Gillnet catch in estimating the density and structure of fish community—Comparison of gillnet and trawl samples in a eutrophic lake. Fisheries Research,2009,96:88-94. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.007.
[25] Gibson-Reinemer DK,Ickes BS,Chick JH. Development and assessment of a new method for combining catch per unit effort data from different fish sampling gears:multigear mean standardization(MGMS). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2017,74(1):8-14. DOI:10.1139/cjfas-2016-0003.
[26] Pauly D,Christensen V,Dalsgaard J et al. Fishing down marine food webs. Science,1998,279(6):860-863. DOI:10.1126/science.279.5352.860.
[27] Li J,Wen ZR,Li GC et al. Relationship between crustacean zooplankton community structure and aquatic environmental factors of Meiliang and Gonghu Bay in Lake Taihu. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(1):81-90.DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj2014Z1012.[李娟,温周瑞,李庚辰等.太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾浮游甲壳动物群落结构及其与环境因子的相互关系.长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(1):81-90.]
[28] Fischer P,hl U. Effects of water-level fluctuations on the littoral benthic fish community in lakes:A mesocosm experiment. Behavioral Ecology,2005,16(4):741-746. DOI:10.1093/beheco/ari047.
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