淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征及其影响因素
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摘要
分析采煤塌陷水体浮游甲壳动物群落变化特征及影响因素,为水体水生态系统管理、生态修复提供科学依据。在淮南潘谢矿区选择潘集和谢桥2个采煤塌陷湖泊,于2016年逐月采集浮游甲壳动物并同步采集水样分析水质。2个湖泊共观察到浮游甲壳动物10属16种,潘集8属13种、谢桥9属12种,其中象鼻溞属、秀体溞属、中剑水蚤属、温剑水蚤属在这2个湖泊中出现频率均较高并成为主要优势种。潘集、谢桥浮游甲壳动物年均密度分别是5.5、4.9个/L,其丰度在生长季(春、夏、秋)较高。潘集和谢桥TN浓度分别为2.0、1.9 mg/L,TP浓度分别为0.08、0.07 mg/L,总体上位于IV~V类水质;叶绿素浓度分别为16.8、14.9 mg/m3。高密度渔业活动可能是导致浮游甲壳动物丰度远低于一般的富营养化湖泊水体的重要原因,浮游植物群落结构可能是导致2个湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构差异的主要因素之一。
The coal resources in Huainan area have been thoroughly explored and many lakes have formed due to land subsidence and accumulation of water. The aquatic ecology of these lakes has become an important subject of study,as well as the characterization of their structure and function. Based on previous research,this study addressed changes in the crustacean zooplankton community and factors influencing the community in these artificial lakes,aiming to provide a scientific basis for their management and remediation. Two small lakes in the Panxie area of Huainan,site PXPJ( near Panji coalmine) and site PXXQ( near Xieqiao coalmine) were selected for study.Samples were collected monthly in 2016 for characterization of the crustacean zooplankton community and assessment of water quality. A single sampling site was located near the center of each lake and samples were collected at the same place and time each month. In-situ measurements of temperature,p H,and dissolved oxygen were recorded and samples were analyzed for total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and chlorophyll-a( Chl-a). A total of 16 species representing 10 genera were identified,13 species of 8 genera from site PXPJ and 12 species of 9 genera from site PXXQ. Species from genera Bosmina,Mesocyclops and Thermocyclops appeared more frequently and considered dominant in both lakes. Average annual densities of crustacean zooplankton were 5. 5 ind/L and4. 9 ind/L in Lake PXPQ and Lake PXXQ,respectively,with higher densities in spring,summer and autumn. The TN concentrations were 2. 0 mg/L and 1. 9 mg/L,TP concentrations were 0. 08 mg/L and 0. 07 mg/L and Chl-a concentrations were 16. 8 mg/m3 and 14. 9 mg/m3 in Lake PXPQ and Lake PXXQ,respectively. Water quality assessment showed that both lakes were Class IV ~ V,considered eutrophic. Fish foraging has likely decreased abundance of crustacean zooplankton compared to typical eutrophic lakes,and phytoplankton communities potentially shape the crustacean communities in these two artificial lakes.
The coal resources in Huainan area have been thoroughly explored and many lakes have formed due to land subsidence and accumulation of water. The aquatic ecology of these lakes has become an important subject of study,as well as the characterization of their structure and function. Based on previous research,this study addressed changes in the crustacean zooplankton community and factors influencing the community in these artificial lakes,aiming to provide a scientific basis for their management and remediation. Two small lakes in the Panxie area of Huainan,site PXPJ( near Panji coalmine) and site PXXQ( near Xieqiao coalmine) were selected for study.Samples were collected monthly in 2016 for characterization of the crustacean zooplankton community and assessment of water quality. A single sampling site was located near the center of each lake and samples were collected at the same place and time each month. In-situ measurements of temperature,p H,and dissolved oxygen were recorded and samples were analyzed for total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and chlorophyll-a( Chl-a). A total of 16 species representing 10 genera were identified,13 species of 8 genera from site PXPJ and 12 species of 9 genera from site PXXQ. Species from genera Bosmina,Mesocyclops and Thermocyclops appeared more frequently and considered dominant in both lakes. Average annual densities of crustacean zooplankton were 5. 5 ind/L and4. 9 ind/L in Lake PXPQ and Lake PXXQ,respectively,with higher densities in spring,summer and autumn. The TN concentrations were 2. 0 mg/L and 1. 9 mg/L,TP concentrations were 0. 08 mg/L and 0. 07 mg/L and Chl-a concentrations were 16. 8 mg/m3 and 14. 9 mg/m3 in Lake PXPQ and Lake PXXQ,respectively. Water quality assessment showed that both lakes were Class IV ~ V,considered eutrophic. Fish foraging has likely decreased abundance of crustacean zooplankton compared to typical eutrophic lakes,and phytoplankton communities potentially shape the crustacean communities in these two artificial lakes.
引文
邓道贵,邢荣龙,马睿,等,2010.淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化[J].湖泊科学,22(4):591-597.
李强,田华,姜民,等,2015.淀山湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其影响因子[J].水生态学杂志,36(4):69-77.
刘恩生,吴林坤,曹萍,等,2005.太湖鱼类渔获量和优势种年龄组成的变化规律及下行效应分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,32(4):471-477.
鲁敏,谢平,2002.武汉东湖不同湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构的比较[J].海洋与湖沼,33(2):174-181.
曲喜杰,易齐涛,胡友彪,等,2013.两淮采煤沉陷积水区水体营养盐时空分布及富营养化进程[J].应用生态学报,24(11):3249-3258.
孙鹏飞,易齐涛,许光泉.2014.两淮采煤沉陷积水区水化学特征及控制因素分析[J].煤炭学报,39(7):1345-1353.
王婷婷,易齐涛,胡友彪,等,2013.两淮采煤沉陷区水域水体富营养化及氮、磷限制模拟实验[J].湖泊科学,25(6):916-926.
王颖,杨桂军,秦伯强,等,2014.太湖不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较[J].湖泊科学,26(5):743-750.
王晓萌,易齐涛,徐鑫,等,2015.淮南采煤沉陷区内小型湖泊轮虫群落结构特征[J].湖泊科学,27(4):657-666.
杨丽丽,周小玉,刘其根,等,2011.新疆乌伦古湖浮游甲壳动物的季节演替及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,31(15):4468-4476.
杨宇峰,黄祥飞,1992.鲢鳙对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,4(3):78-86.
杨宇峰,黄祥飞,1994.武汉东湖浮游动物群落结构的研究[J].应用生态学报,5(3):319-324.
易齐涛,陈求稳,赵德慧,等,2016.淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游植物功能群的季节演替及其驱动因子[J].生态学报,36(15):4843-4854.
易齐涛,孙鹏飞,谢凯,2013.区域水化学条件对淮南采煤沉陷区水域沉积物磷的吸附特征的影响研究[J].环境科学,34(10):3894-3903.
易齐涛,徐鑫,曲喜杰,等,2014.两淮采煤沉陷区水体初级生产特征[J].中国环境科学,34(8):2101-2110.
尹航,2007.环境监测方法标准汇编:水环境[M].北京:中国标准出版社.
章磊,易齐涛,李慧,等,2015.两淮矿区小型塌陷湖泊水质特征与水环境容量[J].生态学杂志,34(4):1121-1128.
章宗涉,黄祥飞,1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社.
钟春妮,杨桂军,高映海,等,2012.太湖贡湖湾大型浮游动物群落结构的季节变化[J].水生态学杂志,33(1):47-52.
Kalff J,2011.湖沼学:内陆水生生态系统[M].古滨河,刘正文,李宽意,等译.北京:高等教育出版社.
Pinto-Coelho R,Pinel-Alloul B,Méthot G,et al,2005.Crustacean zooplankton in lakes and reservoirs of temperate and tropical regions:variation with tropic status[J].Can JFish Aquat Sci,62(2):348-361.
Radke R J,Kahl U,2002.Effects of a filter-feeding fish[silver carp,Hypiphthalmichthys molitrix(val.)]on phyto and crustaceans in a mesotrophic reservoir:results from an enclosure experiment[J].Freshwater Biology,47(12):2337-2344.
Menezes R F,Attayde J L,Vasconcelos F R,2010.Effects of omnivorous filter-feeding fish and nutrient enrichment on the plankton community and water transparency of a tropical reservoir[J].Freshwater Biology,55(4):767-779.
Shannon C E,Weaver W,Blahut R E,et al,1949.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press.
Wolfinbarger W C,1999.Influences of biotic and abiotic factors on seasonal succession of zooplankton in Hugo Reservoir[J].Oklahoma,USA Hydrobiologia,400:13-31.
Yi Q T,Wang X M,Wang T T,et al,2014.Eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the aquatic zones around Huainan coalmine subsidence areas[J].Anhui,China:Water Science and Technology,70:878-887.
李强,田华,姜民,等,2015.淀山湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其影响因子[J].水生态学杂志,36(4):69-77.
刘恩生,吴林坤,曹萍,等,2005.太湖鱼类渔获量和优势种年龄组成的变化规律及下行效应分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,32(4):471-477.
鲁敏,谢平,2002.武汉东湖不同湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构的比较[J].海洋与湖沼,33(2):174-181.
曲喜杰,易齐涛,胡友彪,等,2013.两淮采煤沉陷积水区水体营养盐时空分布及富营养化进程[J].应用生态学报,24(11):3249-3258.
孙鹏飞,易齐涛,许光泉.2014.两淮采煤沉陷积水区水化学特征及控制因素分析[J].煤炭学报,39(7):1345-1353.
王婷婷,易齐涛,胡友彪,等,2013.两淮采煤沉陷区水域水体富营养化及氮、磷限制模拟实验[J].湖泊科学,25(6):916-926.
王颖,杨桂军,秦伯强,等,2014.太湖不同生态类型湖区浮游甲壳动物群落结构季节变化比较[J].湖泊科学,26(5):743-750.
王晓萌,易齐涛,徐鑫,等,2015.淮南采煤沉陷区内小型湖泊轮虫群落结构特征[J].湖泊科学,27(4):657-666.
杨丽丽,周小玉,刘其根,等,2011.新疆乌伦古湖浮游甲壳动物的季节演替及与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,31(15):4468-4476.
杨宇峰,黄祥飞,1992.鲢鳙对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响[J].湖泊科学,4(3):78-86.
杨宇峰,黄祥飞,1994.武汉东湖浮游动物群落结构的研究[J].应用生态学报,5(3):319-324.
易齐涛,陈求稳,赵德慧,等,2016.淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游植物功能群的季节演替及其驱动因子[J].生态学报,36(15):4843-4854.
易齐涛,孙鹏飞,谢凯,2013.区域水化学条件对淮南采煤沉陷区水域沉积物磷的吸附特征的影响研究[J].环境科学,34(10):3894-3903.
易齐涛,徐鑫,曲喜杰,等,2014.两淮采煤沉陷区水体初级生产特征[J].中国环境科学,34(8):2101-2110.
尹航,2007.环境监测方法标准汇编:水环境[M].北京:中国标准出版社.
章磊,易齐涛,李慧,等,2015.两淮矿区小型塌陷湖泊水质特征与水环境容量[J].生态学杂志,34(4):1121-1128.
章宗涉,黄祥飞,1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社.
钟春妮,杨桂军,高映海,等,2012.太湖贡湖湾大型浮游动物群落结构的季节变化[J].水生态学杂志,33(1):47-52.
Kalff J,2011.湖沼学:内陆水生生态系统[M].古滨河,刘正文,李宽意,等译.北京:高等教育出版社.
Pinto-Coelho R,Pinel-Alloul B,Méthot G,et al,2005.Crustacean zooplankton in lakes and reservoirs of temperate and tropical regions:variation with tropic status[J].Can JFish Aquat Sci,62(2):348-361.
Radke R J,Kahl U,2002.Effects of a filter-feeding fish[silver carp,Hypiphthalmichthys molitrix(val.)]on phyto and crustaceans in a mesotrophic reservoir:results from an enclosure experiment[J].Freshwater Biology,47(12):2337-2344.
Menezes R F,Attayde J L,Vasconcelos F R,2010.Effects of omnivorous filter-feeding fish and nutrient enrichment on the plankton community and water transparency of a tropical reservoir[J].Freshwater Biology,55(4):767-779.
Shannon C E,Weaver W,Blahut R E,et al,1949.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press.
Wolfinbarger W C,1999.Influences of biotic and abiotic factors on seasonal succession of zooplankton in Hugo Reservoir[J].Oklahoma,USA Hydrobiologia,400:13-31.
Yi Q T,Wang X M,Wang T T,et al,2014.Eutrophication and nutrient limitation in the aquatic zones around Huainan coalmine subsidence areas[J].Anhui,China:Water Science and Technology,70:878-887.
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