水体光照强度对沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响
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摘要
在富营养浅水湖泊中,水体光照强度减弱将导致水生植物严重衰退和一系列理化指标的变化,为了探究这些变化对沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响,2015年5-11月通过覆盖不同层黑色遮阳布建立4个光照梯度(L1-L4),透光率分别是40.5%、17.1%、7.1%和2.8%,并在每个系统中移植苦草(Vallisneria natans),模拟自然条件下沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落对低光压力的响应,分析水体理化指标、苦草和浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化。结果表明:(1)从L1至L4处理组,浮游甲壳动物生物量随光照强度减弱而减少,其平均值分别为1.27 mg/L、0.99 mg/L、0.95 mg/L和0.45 mg/L,且浮游甲壳动物的丰度和多样性也随光照强度减弱而降低;(2)与其他3个处理组相比,L4组中锯缘真剑水蚤(Eucylops serrulatus)的生物量百分比有所上升(从5%升高至25%),其他大多种类的生物量百分比都有所下降,其中晶莹仙达溞(Sida crystallina)下降最为明显,由50%降至9%;(3)浮游甲壳动物平均生物量秋季(1.28 mg/L)大于夏季(0.54 mg/L),平均丰度夏季(83.79个/L)大于秋季(53.59个/L)。统计分析表明,浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化与光照强度、溶解氧和p H值呈显著正相关,其中溶解氧和p H的变化与苦草的生长紧密相关。研究显示,光照除了可以直接影响浮游动物的摄食外,还能通过影响浮游动物的栖息环境间接影响其群落结构。
Low light in eutrophic shallow lakes can greatly reduce submerged aquatic vegetation and change the physicochemical characteristics of the water. To examine the effects of declining light intensity on the crustacean zooplankton community,a medium-scale experiment was carried out in aquariums( 50 cm × 50 cm × 77 cm) from May to November 2015. To simulate the response of crustacean zooplankton to low light,black nylon nets were used to produce four light intensity regimes. The light regimes were 40. 5%( L1),17. 1%( L2),7. 1%( L3),and 2. 8%( L4) of the open-air light intensity and the aquatic plant,Vallisneria natans,was transplanted under each regime. Physicochemical water parameters were monitored and the biomass of the crustacean zooplankton and V. natans for each treatment were measured and analyzed. Results show that:( 1) The crustacean zooplankton biomass decreased with decreasing light intensity; 1. 27 mg/L,0. 99 mg/L,0. 95 mg/L and 0. 45 mg/L,respectively,from L1 to L4. Further,abundance and species diversity decreased with decreasing light.( 2) Compared with the other treatments,the biomass of Eucylops serrulatus in L4 increased( from 5% to 25% of total biomass). However,the biomass percentage of most other species decreased,especially for Sida crystalline( from 50% to 9%).( 3) Crustacean zooplankton had a higher biomass in autumn( 1. 28 mg/L) than in summer( 0. 54 mg/L),but higher abundance in summer( 83. 79 ind/L) than in autumn( 53. 59 ind/L). The crustacean zooplankton community was positively correlated with light intensity,dissolved oxygen and p H,while growth of V. natans was closely related to dissolved oxygen and p H. The results show that the light intensity could change the community structure by affecting crustacean zooplankton grazing directly,as well as the habitat environment indirectly.
Low light in eutrophic shallow lakes can greatly reduce submerged aquatic vegetation and change the physicochemical characteristics of the water. To examine the effects of declining light intensity on the crustacean zooplankton community,a medium-scale experiment was carried out in aquariums( 50 cm × 50 cm × 77 cm) from May to November 2015. To simulate the response of crustacean zooplankton to low light,black nylon nets were used to produce four light intensity regimes. The light regimes were 40. 5%( L1),17. 1%( L2),7. 1%( L3),and 2. 8%( L4) of the open-air light intensity and the aquatic plant,Vallisneria natans,was transplanted under each regime. Physicochemical water parameters were monitored and the biomass of the crustacean zooplankton and V. natans for each treatment were measured and analyzed. Results show that:( 1) The crustacean zooplankton biomass decreased with decreasing light intensity; 1. 27 mg/L,0. 99 mg/L,0. 95 mg/L and 0. 45 mg/L,respectively,from L1 to L4. Further,abundance and species diversity decreased with decreasing light.( 2) Compared with the other treatments,the biomass of Eucylops serrulatus in L4 increased( from 5% to 25% of total biomass). However,the biomass percentage of most other species decreased,especially for Sida crystalline( from 50% to 9%).( 3) Crustacean zooplankton had a higher biomass in autumn( 1. 28 mg/L) than in summer( 0. 54 mg/L),but higher abundance in summer( 83. 79 ind/L) than in autumn( 53. 59 ind/L). The crustacean zooplankton community was positively correlated with light intensity,dissolved oxygen and p H,while growth of V. natans was closely related to dissolved oxygen and p H. The results show that the light intensity could change the community structure by affecting crustacean zooplankton grazing directly,as well as the habitat environment indirectly.
引文
郭萌,徐婷婷,杨程,等,2013.温度和光照对铜绿微囊藻、大型溞和金鱼藻共同培养的影响[J].水生态学杂志,34(5):65-70.
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邱东茹,吴振斌,1997.富营养化浅水湖泊沉水水生植被的衰退与恢复[J].湖泊科学,9(1):82-88.
沈嘉瑞,戴爱云,张崇洲,1979.中国动物志:淡水桡足类[M].北京:科学出版社.
史为良,董双林,王立柱,1987.有水草和无水草的两个浅水水库生物生产量的比较[J].大连水产学院学报(1):11-18.
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杨桂军,秦伯强,高光,等,2009.伊乐藻对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,33(3):556-561.
张来甲,叶春,李春华,等,2013.不同生物量苦草在生命周期的不同阶段对水体水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,33(11):2053-2061.
张钰,谷孝鸿,何俊,2008.太湖长刺溞对浮游植物摄食的生态学研究[J].湖泊科学,20(1):100-104.
朱新鹏,2014.梁子湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
Aka M,Pagano M,Saint-Jean L,et al,2000.Zooplankton variability in 49 shallow tropical reservoirs of Ivory Coast(West Africa)[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,85(4):491-504.
Bozkurt A,Guven S E,2009.Zooplankton composition and distribution in vegetated and unvegetated area of three reservoirs in Hatay,Turkey[J].Journal of animal and veterinary advances,8(5):984-994.
Choi J Y,Jeong K S,Kim S K,et al,2016.Distribution and attachment characteristics of Sida crystallina(OF Müller,1776)in lentic freshwater ecosystems of South Korea[J].Journal of Ecology and Environment,40(1):1-10.
Frankovich T A,Zieman J C,2005.Periphyton light transmission relationships in Florida Bay and the Florida Keys,USA[J].Aquatic Botany,83(1):14-30.
Hann B J,1991.Invertebrate grazer-periphyton interactions in a eutrophic marsh pond[J].Freshwater Biology,26(1):87-96.
Jones J I,Sayer C D,2003.Does the fish-invertebrate-periphyton cascade precipitate plant loss in shallow lakes[J].E-cology,84(8):2155-2167.
Kingsolver J G,Huey R B,2008.Size,temperature,and fitness:three rules[J].Evolutionary Ecology Research,10(2):251-268.
Leech D M,Padeletti A,Williamson C E,2005.Zooplankton behavioral responses to solar UV radiation vary within and among lakes[J].Journal of Plankton Research,27(5):461-471.
Li Y,Xie P,Zhao D,et al,2016.Eutrophication strengthens the response of zooplankton to temperature changes in a high-altitude lake[J].Ecology and Evolution,6(18):6690-6701.
Moore M V,Folt C L,Stemberger R S,1996.Consequences of elevated temperatures for zooplankton assemblages in temperate lakes[J].Archiv für Hydrobiologie,135(3):289-319.
Nicolle A,Hallgren P,von Einem J,et al,2012.Predicted warming and browning affect timing and magnitude of plankton phenological events in lakes:a mesocosm study[J].Freshwater Biology,57(4):684-695.
Roberts E,Kroker J,K9rner S et al,2003.The role of periphyton during the re-colonization of a shallow lake with submerged macrophytes[J].Hydrobiologia,506(1/3):525-530.
Urabe J,Kyle M,Makino W,et al,2002.Reduced light increases herbivore production due to stoichiometric effects of light/nutrient balance[J].Ecology,83(3):619-627.
Urabe J,Sterner R W,1996.Regulation of herbivore growth by the balance of light and nutrients[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,93(16):8465-8469.
Van Onsem S,De Backer S,Triest L,2010.Microhabitat-zooplankton relationship in extensive macrophyte vegetations of eutrophic clear-water ponds[J].Hydrobiologia,656(1):67-81.
Williamson C E,Fischer J M,Bollens S M,et al,2011.Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration:integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm[J].Limnology and Oceanography,56(5):1603-1623.
黄祥飞,陈伟民,蔡启铭,1999.湖泊生态调查观测与分析:中国生态系统研究网络观测与分析标准方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社.
蒋燮治,堵南山,1979.中国动物志:淡水枝角类[M].北京:科学出版社.
邱东茹,吴振斌,1997.富营养化浅水湖泊沉水水生植被的衰退与恢复[J].湖泊科学,9(1):82-88.
沈嘉瑞,戴爱云,张崇洲,1979.中国动物志:淡水桡足类[M].北京:科学出版社.
史为良,董双林,王立柱,1987.有水草和无水草的两个浅水水库生物生产量的比较[J].大连水产学院学报(1):11-18.
徐兆礼,陈亚瞿,1989.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,8(4):13-15.
杨桂军,秦伯强,高光,等,2009.伊乐藻对浮游动物群落结构的影响[J].水生生物学报,33(3):556-561.
张来甲,叶春,李春华,等,2013.不同生物量苦草在生命周期的不同阶段对水体水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,33(11):2053-2061.
张钰,谷孝鸿,何俊,2008.太湖长刺溞对浮游植物摄食的生态学研究[J].湖泊科学,20(1):100-104.
朱新鹏,2014.梁子湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
Aka M,Pagano M,Saint-Jean L,et al,2000.Zooplankton variability in 49 shallow tropical reservoirs of Ivory Coast(West Africa)[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,85(4):491-504.
Bozkurt A,Guven S E,2009.Zooplankton composition and distribution in vegetated and unvegetated area of three reservoirs in Hatay,Turkey[J].Journal of animal and veterinary advances,8(5):984-994.
Choi J Y,Jeong K S,Kim S K,et al,2016.Distribution and attachment characteristics of Sida crystallina(OF Müller,1776)in lentic freshwater ecosystems of South Korea[J].Journal of Ecology and Environment,40(1):1-10.
Frankovich T A,Zieman J C,2005.Periphyton light transmission relationships in Florida Bay and the Florida Keys,USA[J].Aquatic Botany,83(1):14-30.
Hann B J,1991.Invertebrate grazer-periphyton interactions in a eutrophic marsh pond[J].Freshwater Biology,26(1):87-96.
Jones J I,Sayer C D,2003.Does the fish-invertebrate-periphyton cascade precipitate plant loss in shallow lakes[J].E-cology,84(8):2155-2167.
Kingsolver J G,Huey R B,2008.Size,temperature,and fitness:three rules[J].Evolutionary Ecology Research,10(2):251-268.
Leech D M,Padeletti A,Williamson C E,2005.Zooplankton behavioral responses to solar UV radiation vary within and among lakes[J].Journal of Plankton Research,27(5):461-471.
Li Y,Xie P,Zhao D,et al,2016.Eutrophication strengthens the response of zooplankton to temperature changes in a high-altitude lake[J].Ecology and Evolution,6(18):6690-6701.
Moore M V,Folt C L,Stemberger R S,1996.Consequences of elevated temperatures for zooplankton assemblages in temperate lakes[J].Archiv für Hydrobiologie,135(3):289-319.
Nicolle A,Hallgren P,von Einem J,et al,2012.Predicted warming and browning affect timing and magnitude of plankton phenological events in lakes:a mesocosm study[J].Freshwater Biology,57(4):684-695.
Roberts E,Kroker J,K9rner S et al,2003.The role of periphyton during the re-colonization of a shallow lake with submerged macrophytes[J].Hydrobiologia,506(1/3):525-530.
Urabe J,Kyle M,Makino W,et al,2002.Reduced light increases herbivore production due to stoichiometric effects of light/nutrient balance[J].Ecology,83(3):619-627.
Urabe J,Sterner R W,1996.Regulation of herbivore growth by the balance of light and nutrients[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,93(16):8465-8469.
Van Onsem S,De Backer S,Triest L,2010.Microhabitat-zooplankton relationship in extensive macrophyte vegetations of eutrophic clear-water ponds[J].Hydrobiologia,656(1):67-81.
Williamson C E,Fischer J M,Bollens S M,et al,2011.Toward a more comprehensive theory of zooplankton diel vertical migration:integrating ultraviolet radiation and water transparency into the biotic paradigm[J].Limnology and Oceanography,56(5):1603-1623.
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