种养结合模式对池塘养殖尾水的循环利用效果
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摘要
采用小试测坑试验研究了池塘养殖尾水中氮、磷营养物质在莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)和茭白(Zizania aquatica L.)两种水生经济植物种植中的消减和循环利用效果。结果显示,表面流运行方式下,两种植物种植测坑出水中溶解氧均显著升高且水温显著降低;两种植物种植测坑对养殖尾水中NO_2~--N、NH_4~+-N、总氮、总磷及高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))去除率分别达到11.30%～26.27%、8.30%～26.60%、1.87%～20.60%、10.79%～19.70%和23.00%～30.65%,且随着水力负荷增加,莲藕和茭白种植测坑对总氮的去除效果均显著降低。利用莲藕和茭白对池塘养殖尾水进行循环利用,使池塘养殖尾水中的养分和水分得到双重循环利用,是降低水产养殖污染排放和改善池塘养殖环境的有效方法和途径。
The nutrient recycling effects of two economic aquatic plant lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) and water bamboo(Zizania aquatica L.) on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient of aquaculture wastewater were studied based on the testing-hole experiment. The results showed that under surface flow operation, the dissolved oxygen in the outflow of both water bamboo planted testing-hole and lotus planted testing-hole significantly increased, meanwhile the water temperature in the outflow significantly decreased. The removal rate of the planted testing-hole for NO_2~--N,NH_4~+-N,TN(total nitrogen),TP(total phosphorus) and COD_(Mn) reached by 11.30% ～26.27%,8.30% ～26.60%,1.87% ～20.60%,10.79% ～19.70% and 23.00% ～30.65%respectively. The removal efficiency of lotus and water bamboo cultivated testing-hole for TN significantly decreased with the increasing hydraulic loading rate. Ex-situ treatment of aquaculture wastewater by lotus and water bamboo plantation is an effective way for improving the pond environment and reducing wastewater discharge by recycling water and nutrients in the aquaculture wastewater.
The nutrient recycling effects of two economic aquatic plant lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) and water bamboo(Zizania aquatica L.) on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient of aquaculture wastewater were studied based on the testing-hole experiment. The results showed that under surface flow operation, the dissolved oxygen in the outflow of both water bamboo planted testing-hole and lotus planted testing-hole significantly increased, meanwhile the water temperature in the outflow significantly decreased. The removal rate of the planted testing-hole for NO_2~--N,NH_4~+-N,TN(total nitrogen),TP(total phosphorus) and COD_(Mn) reached by 11.30% ～26.27%,8.30% ～26.60%,1.87% ～20.60%,10.79% ～19.70% and 23.00% ～30.65%respectively. The removal efficiency of lotus and water bamboo cultivated testing-hole for TN significantly decreased with the increasing hydraulic loading rate. Ex-situ treatment of aquaculture wastewater by lotus and water bamboo plantation is an effective way for improving the pond environment and reducing wastewater discharge by recycling water and nutrients in the aquaculture wastewater.
引文
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[4]朱建强.渔农复合生态系统水循环利用技术研究报告[R].湖北荆州:长江大学,2010.
[5]WU Q X,ZHU J Q,ZHOU Y,et al.Purification effect of paddy field on fertile water from fish pond under different water management modes[A].Proceedings of 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environment Protection[C].Xi’an,China:IEEE Press,2011.2687-2691.
[6]ZHOU Y,ZHU J Q,LI G.The nutrients in the fertile water from fish pond assimilated and utilized by paddy field[A].Proceedings of 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environment Protection[C].Xi’an,China:IEEE Press,011.2695-2698.
[7]ZHOU Y,ZHU J Q,LI G.Study on purification of acquaculture wastewater from fish pond with compound Eco-Ditch[A].Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Ecological Protection of Lakes-Watershed and Application of 3S Technology Workshop[C].Nanchang,China:EPLWW3S Press,2011.211-216.
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[9]胡绵好,袁菊红,杨肖娥.水生蔬菜对富营养化水体净化及资源化利用[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(3):416-420.
[10]LI W X,LI Z J.In situ nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by aquatic vegetable Ipomoea aquatica on floating beds[J].Water Science and Technology,2009,59(10):1937-1943.
[11]朱雪超.人工湿地藕田处理污水净化效果及其综合评价研究[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2012.
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[13]周萍.秀洲区北部发展水生蔬菜的优势与措施[J].浙江农业科学,2010(3):466-468.
[14]WU H M,LIU J F,ZHANG J,et al.Comparative quantification of oxygen release by wetland plants:Electrode technique and oxygen consumption model[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2014,21(2):1071-1078.
[15]张世羊,常军军,高毛林,等.曝气对垂直流湿地处理水产养殖废水脱氮的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):235-241.