李保如泥沙起动流速公式修正研究
|
摘要
现代水力学中近壁层流层厚度可反映边壁摩阻特性,是影响细颗粒泥沙起动的重要因素。李保如泥沙起动流速公式考虑到泥沙颗粒所处边界的水力学差异及近壁层流层对细颗粒泥沙的"隐蔽"影响,将细颗粒的摩擦系数f处理为近壁层流层厚度对细颗粒泥沙"隐蔽"作用的综合影响系数,但由于当时缺乏黏性细颗粒泥沙的试验资料,导致公式在黏性细颗粒泥沙起动流速的走向上表现不佳。本文仍采用原作者的物理图形,只是将摩擦系数f的函数由近壁层流层厚度对细颗粒泥沙"隐蔽"影响项与重力作用项两项组成,进一步将前者表示为"近壁层流层厚度δ与泥沙粒径D之比"即δ/D的指数形式,并在推导δ/D的表达式时直接用曼宁公式表示谢才系数C而引入糙率n,经过实测起动流速资料分别确定指数与系数后,即得出新的泥沙起动流速公式。利用大量实测资料验证表明,尽管不去考虑概念难以判明且难以定量描述的黏结力及附加下压力的复杂影响,且也不考虑流速沿水深的分布计算公式如何表达,但只要合理考虑近壁层流层厚度对细颗粒泥沙起动的影响,同样能够建立出同时适用于黏性及散粒体泥沙的起动流速公式。
Considering the fact that fine sediment may hide beneath viscous sublayers,and the difference existing between solidness and fluidity,Li Baoru believed that viscous sublayer thickness occupies a vital function in fine sediment incipient motion. Li Baoru also believed that the incipient coefficient can be considered as a function of sediment diameter and viscous sublayer thickness. Li Baoru's sediment incipient velocity formula is acquired upon the combination with the measured sediment incipient velocity data. However,the incipient velocity values of extremely fine sediment computed by this formula,is smaller compared to real values. In view of that,in this paper,by altering the function of the incipient coefficient,a modified version of Li Baoru's sediment incipient velocity formula is obtained on the basis of the measured data of sediment incipient velocity. The values of the sediment incipient velocity calculated by the adapted formula correspond well with the assessed data beneath the same depth. Furthermore,using qualitative and quantitative analysis,the modified version of Li Baoru's sediment incipient velocity formula,reflecting the effect of viscous sublayer thickness,is attested to be a unified formula of incipient velocity which can be applied to both fine and coarse sediment.
Considering the fact that fine sediment may hide beneath viscous sublayers,and the difference existing between solidness and fluidity,Li Baoru believed that viscous sublayer thickness occupies a vital function in fine sediment incipient motion. Li Baoru also believed that the incipient coefficient can be considered as a function of sediment diameter and viscous sublayer thickness. Li Baoru's sediment incipient velocity formula is acquired upon the combination with the measured sediment incipient velocity data. However,the incipient velocity values of extremely fine sediment computed by this formula,is smaller compared to real values. In view of that,in this paper,by altering the function of the incipient coefficient,a modified version of Li Baoru's sediment incipient velocity formula is obtained on the basis of the measured data of sediment incipient velocity. The values of the sediment incipient velocity calculated by the adapted formula correspond well with the assessed data beneath the same depth. Furthermore,using qualitative and quantitative analysis,the modified version of Li Baoru's sediment incipient velocity formula,reflecting the effect of viscous sublayer thickness,is attested to be a unified formula of incipient velocity which can be applied to both fine and coarse sediment.
引文
[1]李保如.泥沙起动流速的计算方法[J].泥沙研究,1959,4(1):71-77.
[2]沙玉清.泥沙运动的基本规律(二)开动流速[J].西北农学院学报,1956(4):19-34.
[3]谢鉴衡.河流泥沙工程学(上册)[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1981.
[4]Шамов Г И.Речныенаносы[R].Гидрометеоиздат,Ленинград,1959.
[5]李赋都.黄河问题[J].水利月刊,1934,6(1):15-53.
[6]何之泰.河底冲刷流速之测验[J].水利月刊,1934,6(6):424-475.
[7]李保如.推移质起动条件试验初步报告[R].南京:南京水利实验处,1953.
[8] CHANG Y L. Laboratory investigation of flume traction and transportation[J]Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1939,104(1):1246-1284.
[9]梁在潮.紊流力学[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1988.
[10] BAKHMETEFF BORIS A. The Mechanics of Turbulent Flow[M]. Princeton,New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1936.
[11]张红武,吕昕.弯道水力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1993.
[12]张红武.河流力学研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999.
[13]张瑞瑾,谢鉴衡,陈文彪.河流动力学[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1961.
[14]唐存本.泥沙起动规律[J].水利学报,1963(2):1-12.
[15]沙玉清.泥沙运动的基本规律[J].泥沙研究,1956(2):1-54.
[16]李保如,陈俊施.黄河河床质起动流速的研究[R].北京:水利科学研究院河渠研究所;郑州:黄河水利委员会水利科学研究所,1958.
[17]沙玉清.泥沙运动学引论[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[18]窦国仁.论泥沙起动流速[J].水利学报,1960(4):44-60.
[19]窦国仁.三三〇工程坝区模型设计[R].南京:南京水利科学研究所,1974.
[20]张红武.泥沙起动流速的统一公式[J].水利学报,2012,43(12):1387-1396.
[21]张红武,马继业,张俊华,等.河流桥渡设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,1993.
[22]张红武,江恩惠,白咏梅,等.黄河高含沙洪水模型的相似律[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994.
[23]赵苏磊,马睿,郑军,等.泥沙起动流速公式在天然河流中的验证[J].人民黄河,2012,34(2):42-46.
[2]沙玉清.泥沙运动的基本规律(二)开动流速[J].西北农学院学报,1956(4):19-34.
[3]谢鉴衡.河流泥沙工程学(上册)[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1981.
[4]Шамов Г И.Речныенаносы[R].Гидрометеоиздат,Ленинград,1959.
[5]李赋都.黄河问题[J].水利月刊,1934,6(1):15-53.
[6]何之泰.河底冲刷流速之测验[J].水利月刊,1934,6(6):424-475.
[7]李保如.推移质起动条件试验初步报告[R].南京:南京水利实验处,1953.
[8] CHANG Y L. Laboratory investigation of flume traction and transportation[J]Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1939,104(1):1246-1284.
[9]梁在潮.紊流力学[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1988.
[10] BAKHMETEFF BORIS A. The Mechanics of Turbulent Flow[M]. Princeton,New Jersey:Princeton University Press,1936.
[11]张红武,吕昕.弯道水力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1993.
[12]张红武.河流力学研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999.
[13]张瑞瑾,谢鉴衡,陈文彪.河流动力学[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1961.
[14]唐存本.泥沙起动规律[J].水利学报,1963(2):1-12.
[15]沙玉清.泥沙运动的基本规律[J].泥沙研究,1956(2):1-54.
[16]李保如,陈俊施.黄河河床质起动流速的研究[R].北京:水利科学研究院河渠研究所;郑州:黄河水利委员会水利科学研究所,1958.
[17]沙玉清.泥沙运动学引论[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.
[18]窦国仁.论泥沙起动流速[J].水利学报,1960(4):44-60.
[19]窦国仁.三三〇工程坝区模型设计[R].南京:南京水利科学研究所,1974.
[20]张红武.泥沙起动流速的统一公式[J].水利学报,2012,43(12):1387-1396.
[21]张红武,马继业,张俊华,等.河流桥渡设计[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,1993.
[22]张红武,江恩惠,白咏梅,等.黄河高含沙洪水模型的相似律[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1994.
[23]赵苏磊,马睿,郑军,等.泥沙起动流速公式在天然河流中的验证[J].人民黄河,2012,34(2):42-46.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |