两种抽吸模式下不同圆周卷烟主流烟气释放物及毒理学分析
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摘要
为评价不同圆周卷烟的主流烟气释放物及其毒理学特征,以叶组相同的3种圆周卷烟为研究对象,分析了ISO和加拿大深度(HCI)抽吸模式下的主流烟气常规指标、烟气危害性评价指数(H)和体外毒理学指标,并考察了主流烟气常规指标的逐口释放规律。结果表明:(1)ISO抽吸模式下,中支卷烟主流烟气常规指标的单位烟碱释放量和H指数最低;HCI抽吸模式下,不同圆周卷烟主流烟气的单位烟碱H指数随着圆周的减小而降低。(2)在不同抽吸模式下,卷烟烟气总粒相物的细胞毒性整体上随卷烟圆周的减小而降低,遗传毒性和致突变性无显著差异。(3)不同圆周卷烟主流烟气常规指标的逐口释放量整体上呈现随抽吸口数增加而增加的趋势。
To investigate the emission and toxicology characteristics in mainstream smoke of cigarettes with different circumferences,the routine smoke indexes,the priority toxicant H index and in vitro toxicology of mainstream smoke of research cigarettes with three different circumferences of the same tobacco blend were analyzed under ISO and Health Canada Intensive(HCI) smoking regimes. The puff-by-puff release characteristics of routine smoke indexes of mainstream cigarette smoke were studied as well. The results showed that:1) Under ISO smoking regime,the mainstream smoke release from the cigarette with medium circumference had the lowest routine smoke indexes and H index per unit nicotine yield. Under HCI smoking regime,with the decrease of cigarette circumference,the H index per unit nicotine yield decreased. 2)Under the different smoking regimes,with the decrease of cigarette circumference,the in vitro cytotoxicity of total particulate matters decreased generally,however no obvious difference was observed in genotoxicity and mutagenicity. 3)For the cigarettes with the different circumferences,the puff-by-puff releases of routine smoke indexes of mainstream cigarette smoke generally increased with the puff number.
To investigate the emission and toxicology characteristics in mainstream smoke of cigarettes with different circumferences,the routine smoke indexes,the priority toxicant H index and in vitro toxicology of mainstream smoke of research cigarettes with three different circumferences of the same tobacco blend were analyzed under ISO and Health Canada Intensive(HCI) smoking regimes. The puff-by-puff release characteristics of routine smoke indexes of mainstream cigarette smoke were studied as well. The results showed that:1) Under ISO smoking regime,the mainstream smoke release from the cigarette with medium circumference had the lowest routine smoke indexes and H index per unit nicotine yield. Under HCI smoking regime,with the decrease of cigarette circumference,the H index per unit nicotine yield decreased. 2)Under the different smoking regimes,with the decrease of cigarette circumference,the in vitro cytotoxicity of total particulate matters decreased generally,however no obvious difference was observed in genotoxicity and mutagenicity. 3)For the cigarettes with the different circumferences,the puff-by-puff releases of routine smoke indexes of mainstream cigarette smoke generally increased with the puff number.
引文
[1]Baker R R.Product formation mechanisms inside a burning cigarette[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1981,7(2):135-153.
[2]Baker R R.Smoke generation inside a burning cigarette:modifying combustion to develop cigarettes that may be less hazardous to health[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2006,32(4):373-385.
[3]Irwin W D E,Bunn B G,Massey E D.The effects of circumference on mainstream delivers and composition:progress report 2[R].Southampton:British American Tobacco,1989.
[4]Izac R R.Philip Morris report:project wide[R].Richmond:Philip Morris,1993.
[5]边照阳,王颖,李中皓,等.细支卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的分析[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):33-40.BIAN Zhaoyang,WANG Ying,LI Zhonghao,et al.Analysis of harmful constituents in mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(5):33-40.
[6]葛畅,赵明月,胡有持,等.细支与常规卷烟主流烟气常规指标及中性致香成分对比分析[J].烟草科技,2017,50(4):43-50.GE Chang,ZHAO Mingyue,HU Youchi,et al.Analysis of routine indexes and neutral aroma components in mainstream smoke of slim and normal cigarettes[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(4):43-50.
[7]YQ/T 54-2015细支卷烟[S].YQ/T 54-2015 Slim cigarettes[S].
[8]韦文,刘政,刘远涛.细支卷烟制丝工艺参数优化[J].中外食品工业,2015(2):7-8.WEI Wen,LIU Zheng,LIU Yuantao.Optimization of primary processing parameters of slim cigarette[J].Sino-Foreign Food Industry,2015(2):7-8.
[9]田忠,陈闯,许宗保,等.制丝关键工序对细支卷烟燃烧温度及主流烟气成分的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(6):19-26.TIAN Zhong,CHEN Chuang,XU Zongbao,et al.Effects of key process steps on burning temperature and chemical components in mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2015,21(6):19-26.
[10]廖晓祥,赵云川,邹泉,等.梗丝形态对细支卷烟品质稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技,2016,49(10):74-80.LIAO Xiaoxiang,ZHAO Yunchuan,ZOU Quan,et al.Influences of cut stem morphology on quality consistency of super-slim cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2016,49(10):74-80.
[11]李海锋,杨皓,宣润泉,等.卷烟纸特性对细支烟主流烟气指标的影响[J].中国造纸,2017,36(6):38-42.LI Haifeng,YANG Hao,XUAN Runquan,et al.Influence of cigarette paper characteristics on the mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes[J].China Pulp&Paper,2017,36(6):38-42.
[12]甘学文,胡启秀,蒋锦锋,等.HCI模式对超细卷烟常规烟气成分测试结果的影响[J].烟草科技,2014,47(7):40-44.GAN Xuewen,HU Qixiu,JIANG Jinfeng,et al.Influences of HCI regime on determination results of routine smoke components of super slim cigarettes[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2014,47(7):40-44.
[13]Coggins C R E,McKinney W J,Oldham M J.Acomprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of experimental,non-filtered cigarettes manufactured with different circumferences[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2013,25(S2):69-72.
[14]颜清萍,谢国勇,银董红,等.气相色谱法定量逐口分析主流烟气中常规气相组分变化规律[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2016,39(4):47-52.YAN Qingping,XIE Guoyong,YIN Donghong,et al.Puff-by-puff conventional gas components analysis in mainstream smoke by gas chromatography[J].Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University,2016,39(4):47-52.
[15]GB/T 5606.1-2004卷烟第1部分:抽样[S].GB/T 5606.1-2004 Cigarettes-Part 1:sampling[S].
[16]GB/T 16447-2004烟草及烟草制品调节和测试的大气环境[S].GB/T 16447-2004 Tobacco and tobacco productsAtmosphere for conditioning and testing[S].
[17]GB/T 22838.2-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第2部分:长度光电法[S].GB/T 22838.2-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 2:length-Photoelectricity method[S].
[18]GB/T 22838.3-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第3部分:圆周激光法[S].GB/T 22838.3-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 3:circumference-Laser method[S].
[19]GB/T 22838.4-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第4部分:卷烟质量[S].GB/T 22838.4-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 4:cigarettes weight[S].
[20]GB/T 22838.15-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第15部分:卷烟通风的测定定义和测量原理[S].GB/T 22838.15-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 15:cigarettes-Determination of ventilation-Definitions and measurement principles[S].
[21]GB/T 19609-2004卷烟用常规分析用吸烟机测定总粒相物和焦油[S].GB/T 19609-2004 Cigarette-Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine[S].
[22]GB/T 23355-2009卷烟总粒相物中烟碱的测定气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23355-2009 Cigarettes-Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates-Gas-chromatographic method[S].
[23]GB/T 23356-2009卷烟烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356-2009 Cigarettes-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIR method[S].
[24]YC/T 253-2008卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 253-2008 Cigarettes-Determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smokeContinuous flow method[S].
[25]YC/T 377-2010卷烟主流烟气中氨的测定离子色谱法[S].YC/T 377-2010 Cigarettes-Determination of ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke-Ion chromatography method[S].
[26]YC/T 254-2008卷烟主流烟气中主要羰基化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 254-2008 Cigarettes-Determination of major carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke-High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[27]YC/T 255-2008卷烟主流烟气中主要酚类化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 255-2008 Cigarettes-Determination of major phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smokeHigh performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[28]GB/T 21130-2007卷烟烟气总粒相物中苯并[a]芘的测定[S].GB/T 21130-2007 Cigarettes-Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in total particulate matter[S].
[29]YQ/T 17-2012卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的测定高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法[S].YQ/T 17-2012 Cigarette-Determination of tobacco specific N-nitrosamines in total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke-HPLC-MS/MS method[S].
[30]谢剑平,刘惠民,朱茂祥,等.卷烟烟气危害性指数研究[J].烟草科技,2009,42(2):5-15.XIE Jianping,LIU Huimin,ZHU Maoxiang,et al.Development of a novel hazard index of mainstream cigarette smoke and its application on risk evaluation of cigarette products[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009,42(2):5-15.
[31]YQ/T 42-2013烟草及烟草制品烟气安全性生物学评价MTT细胞毒性法[S].YQ/T 42-2013 Tobacco and tobacco productsBiological evaluation of tobacco smoke-MTTcytotoxicity assay[S].
[32]YQ 4-2011烟草及烟草制品烟气安全性生物学评价第3部分:体外微核试验[S].YQ 4-2011 Tobacco and tobacco productsBiological evaluation of tobacco smoke-Part 3:in vitro micronucleus assay[S].
[33]YQ 3-2011烟草及烟草制品烟气安全性生物学评价第2部分:细菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)[S].YQ 3-2011 Tobacco and tobacco productsBiological evaluation of tobacco smoke-Part 2:bacterial reverse mutation assay(Ames assay)[S].
[34]World Health Organization,Tobacco Free Initiative.Recommendation guiding principles for the development of tobacco product research and testing capacity and proposed protocols for the initiation of tobacco product testing[R].San Francisco:WHO,2004.
[35]Rickert B,Trivedt A,Wright W.Relative cytotoxicity of tobacco smoke vapour and particulate phases when cigarettes are smoked under ISO and Canadian intense conditions[R].Virginia:Labstat International Incorporated,2003.
[36]庞永强,姜兴益,罗彦波,等.PI-TOF/MS法逐口在线分析卷烟主流烟气中7种有机物[J].烟草科技,2015,48(4):37-41.PANG Yongqiang,JIANG Xingyi,LUO Yanbo,et al.On-line puff-by-puff analysis of seven organic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke by photo-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(4):37-41.
[2]Baker R R.Smoke generation inside a burning cigarette:modifying combustion to develop cigarettes that may be less hazardous to health[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2006,32(4):373-385.
[3]Irwin W D E,Bunn B G,Massey E D.The effects of circumference on mainstream delivers and composition:progress report 2[R].Southampton:British American Tobacco,1989.
[4]Izac R R.Philip Morris report:project wide[R].Richmond:Philip Morris,1993.
[5]边照阳,王颖,李中皓,等.细支卷烟主流烟气有害成分释放量的分析[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):33-40.BIAN Zhaoyang,WANG Ying,LI Zhonghao,et al.Analysis of harmful constituents in mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2016,22(5):33-40.
[6]葛畅,赵明月,胡有持,等.细支与常规卷烟主流烟气常规指标及中性致香成分对比分析[J].烟草科技,2017,50(4):43-50.GE Chang,ZHAO Mingyue,HU Youchi,et al.Analysis of routine indexes and neutral aroma components in mainstream smoke of slim and normal cigarettes[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(4):43-50.
[7]YQ/T 54-2015细支卷烟[S].YQ/T 54-2015 Slim cigarettes[S].
[8]韦文,刘政,刘远涛.细支卷烟制丝工艺参数优化[J].中外食品工业,2015(2):7-8.WEI Wen,LIU Zheng,LIU Yuantao.Optimization of primary processing parameters of slim cigarette[J].Sino-Foreign Food Industry,2015(2):7-8.
[9]田忠,陈闯,许宗保,等.制丝关键工序对细支卷烟燃烧温度及主流烟气成分的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(6):19-26.TIAN Zhong,CHEN Chuang,XU Zongbao,et al.Effects of key process steps on burning temperature and chemical components in mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2015,21(6):19-26.
[10]廖晓祥,赵云川,邹泉,等.梗丝形态对细支卷烟品质稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技,2016,49(10):74-80.LIAO Xiaoxiang,ZHAO Yunchuan,ZOU Quan,et al.Influences of cut stem morphology on quality consistency of super-slim cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2016,49(10):74-80.
[11]李海锋,杨皓,宣润泉,等.卷烟纸特性对细支烟主流烟气指标的影响[J].中国造纸,2017,36(6):38-42.LI Haifeng,YANG Hao,XUAN Runquan,et al.Influence of cigarette paper characteristics on the mainstream smoke of slim cigarettes[J].China Pulp&Paper,2017,36(6):38-42.
[12]甘学文,胡启秀,蒋锦锋,等.HCI模式对超细卷烟常规烟气成分测试结果的影响[J].烟草科技,2014,47(7):40-44.GAN Xuewen,HU Qixiu,JIANG Jinfeng,et al.Influences of HCI regime on determination results of routine smoke components of super slim cigarettes[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2014,47(7):40-44.
[13]Coggins C R E,McKinney W J,Oldham M J.Acomprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of experimental,non-filtered cigarettes manufactured with different circumferences[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2013,25(S2):69-72.
[14]颜清萍,谢国勇,银董红,等.气相色谱法定量逐口分析主流烟气中常规气相组分变化规律[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2016,39(4):47-52.YAN Qingping,XIE Guoyong,YIN Donghong,et al.Puff-by-puff conventional gas components analysis in mainstream smoke by gas chromatography[J].Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University,2016,39(4):47-52.
[15]GB/T 5606.1-2004卷烟第1部分:抽样[S].GB/T 5606.1-2004 Cigarettes-Part 1:sampling[S].
[16]GB/T 16447-2004烟草及烟草制品调节和测试的大气环境[S].GB/T 16447-2004 Tobacco and tobacco productsAtmosphere for conditioning and testing[S].
[17]GB/T 22838.2-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第2部分:长度光电法[S].GB/T 22838.2-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 2:length-Photoelectricity method[S].
[18]GB/T 22838.3-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第3部分:圆周激光法[S].GB/T 22838.3-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 3:circumference-Laser method[S].
[19]GB/T 22838.4-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第4部分:卷烟质量[S].GB/T 22838.4-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 4:cigarettes weight[S].
[20]GB/T 22838.15-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第15部分:卷烟通风的测定定义和测量原理[S].GB/T 22838.15-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 15:cigarettes-Determination of ventilation-Definitions and measurement principles[S].
[21]GB/T 19609-2004卷烟用常规分析用吸烟机测定总粒相物和焦油[S].GB/T 19609-2004 Cigarette-Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine[S].
[22]GB/T 23355-2009卷烟总粒相物中烟碱的测定气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23355-2009 Cigarettes-Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates-Gas-chromatographic method[S].
[23]GB/T 23356-2009卷烟烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356-2009 Cigarettes-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIR method[S].
[24]YC/T 253-2008卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢的测定连续流动法[S].YC/T 253-2008 Cigarettes-Determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette mainstream smokeContinuous flow method[S].
[25]YC/T 377-2010卷烟主流烟气中氨的测定离子色谱法[S].YC/T 377-2010 Cigarettes-Determination of ammonia in mainstream cigarette smoke-Ion chromatography method[S].
[26]YC/T 254-2008卷烟主流烟气中主要羰基化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 254-2008 Cigarettes-Determination of major carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke-High performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[27]YC/T 255-2008卷烟主流烟气中主要酚类化合物的测定高效液相色谱法[S].YC/T 255-2008 Cigarettes-Determination of major phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smokeHigh performance liquid chromatographic method[S].
[28]GB/T 21130-2007卷烟烟气总粒相物中苯并[a]芘的测定[S].GB/T 21130-2007 Cigarettes-Determination of benzo[a]pyrene in total particulate matter[S].
[29]YQ/T 17-2012卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中烟草特有N-亚硝胺的测定高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法[S].YQ/T 17-2012 Cigarette-Determination of tobacco specific N-nitrosamines in total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke-HPLC-MS/MS method[S].
[30]谢剑平,刘惠民,朱茂祥,等.卷烟烟气危害性指数研究[J].烟草科技,2009,42(2):5-15.XIE Jianping,LIU Huimin,ZHU Maoxiang,et al.Development of a novel hazard index of mainstream cigarette smoke and its application on risk evaluation of cigarette products[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009,42(2):5-15.
[31]YQ/T 42-2013烟草及烟草制品烟气安全性生物学评价MTT细胞毒性法[S].YQ/T 42-2013 Tobacco and tobacco productsBiological evaluation of tobacco smoke-MTTcytotoxicity assay[S].
[32]YQ 4-2011烟草及烟草制品烟气安全性生物学评价第3部分:体外微核试验[S].YQ 4-2011 Tobacco and tobacco productsBiological evaluation of tobacco smoke-Part 3:in vitro micronucleus assay[S].
[33]YQ 3-2011烟草及烟草制品烟气安全性生物学评价第2部分:细菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)[S].YQ 3-2011 Tobacco and tobacco productsBiological evaluation of tobacco smoke-Part 2:bacterial reverse mutation assay(Ames assay)[S].
[34]World Health Organization,Tobacco Free Initiative.Recommendation guiding principles for the development of tobacco product research and testing capacity and proposed protocols for the initiation of tobacco product testing[R].San Francisco:WHO,2004.
[35]Rickert B,Trivedt A,Wright W.Relative cytotoxicity of tobacco smoke vapour and particulate phases when cigarettes are smoked under ISO and Canadian intense conditions[R].Virginia:Labstat International Incorporated,2003.
[36]庞永强,姜兴益,罗彦波,等.PI-TOF/MS法逐口在线分析卷烟主流烟气中7种有机物[J].烟草科技,2015,48(4):37-41.PANG Yongqiang,JIANG Xingyi,LUO Yanbo,et al.On-line puff-by-puff analysis of seven organic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke by photo-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(4):37-41.