春、秋季东海大桥海上风电场水域鱼类群落结构
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摘要
为探明工程建设后东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构特征,作者利用等级聚类和多元统计等方法对该水域鱼类种类组成、优势种及群落结构进行分析。春、秋季共发现18种鱼类,隶属6目9科15属;鲈形目鱼类所占比例最高(50%),其中又以虾虎鱼科鱼类最高(44.4%)。春季优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina),秋季优势种为棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus);棘头梅童鱼为春、秋季共同优势种。等级聚类和非度量多维标序排序表明,东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落可分为春季和秋季2个组群,相似性检验(ANOSIM)显示2个组群差异极显著(R=0.851,P<0.01)。生物与环境相关分析(BIOENV)表明温度和盐度是影响东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构的最主要环境因子,两者结合因子与鱼类群落的相关系数为0.791。本研究发现,东海大桥风电场水域是棘头梅童鱼、凤鲚、龙头鱼等多种鱼类的育幼和索饵场所,群落结构具有典型的季节特征。
To determine the composition of the fish community at the offshore wind farm located at the East China Sea Bridge, a cluster analysis and multivariate statistics are applied to analyze species composition, dominant species, and fish communities. Results identify 18 species belonging to 6 orders, 9 families, and 15 genera. Peciformes are the largest percentage order(50%) and Gobiidae the largest percentage family(44.4%) within this order. Dominant species in spring are Cynoglossus joyneri, Collichthys lucidus, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, and Trypauchen vagina, and dominant species in autumn are C. lucidus, Harpadon nehereus, and Coilia mystus; C. lucidus is the dominant species with respect to its representation in both season. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling indicate that the fish community at this offshore wind farm can be clustered into two groups, spring and autumn assemblages, and ANOSIM analysis indicates significant differences in the community structure between these two groups(R = 0.851, P < 0.01). The relationship between fish community pattern and water temperature and salinity is determined as dominant using the BIOENV program, with a correlation coefficient of 0.791. Results show that fish such as C. lucidus, C. mystus, and H. nehereus migrate annually to the wind farm for spawning and feeding. There is an obvious difference in the community structure during different seasons, which is mainly related to the different breeding and feeding grounds of typical assemblage species during spring and autumn.
To determine the composition of the fish community at the offshore wind farm located at the East China Sea Bridge, a cluster analysis and multivariate statistics are applied to analyze species composition, dominant species, and fish communities. Results identify 18 species belonging to 6 orders, 9 families, and 15 genera. Peciformes are the largest percentage order(50%) and Gobiidae the largest percentage family(44.4%) within this order. Dominant species in spring are Cynoglossus joyneri, Collichthys lucidus, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, and Trypauchen vagina, and dominant species in autumn are C. lucidus, Harpadon nehereus, and Coilia mystus; C. lucidus is the dominant species with respect to its representation in both season. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling indicate that the fish community at this offshore wind farm can be clustered into two groups, spring and autumn assemblages, and ANOSIM analysis indicates significant differences in the community structure between these two groups(R = 0.851, P < 0.01). The relationship between fish community pattern and water temperature and salinity is determined as dominant using the BIOENV program, with a correlation coefficient of 0.791. Results show that fish such as C. lucidus, C. mystus, and H. nehereus migrate annually to the wind farm for spawning and feeding. There is an obvious difference in the community structure during different seasons, which is mainly related to the different breeding and feeding grounds of typical assemblage species during spring and autumn.
引文
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[2]李伟立.东海大桥海上风电项目二期工程场地工程地质研究[J].吉林水利,2015,7:9-13.Li Weili.The geological research on Donghai bridge offshore wind power project site on phase II[J].Jilin Water Resources,2015,7:9-13.
[3]肖运启,贾淑娟.我国海上风电发展现状与技术分析[J].华东电力,2010,38(2):277-280.Xiao Yunqi,Jia Shujuan.Development status and technology analysis of offshore wind power in China[J].East China Electric Power,2010,38(2):277-280.
[4]洪波,王淼,安传光,等.春、夏季东海大桥海上风电场鱼类组成及多样性[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2014,33(3):234-239.Hong Bo,Wang Miao,An Chuanguang,et al.Component and diversity of fishes in the offshore wind farm of the East China Sea bridge in spring and summer[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2014,33(3):234-239.
[5]方宁.东海大桥海上风电场对海域沉积物的环境影响[J].青岛理工大学学报,2015,36(2):79-82.Fang Ning.Environmental impact of Donghai bridge offshore wind farm on marine sediments[J].Journal of Qingdao Technological University,2015,36(2):79-82.
[6]智玉龙,侯俊利,张涛,等.长江口日本鳗鲡鳗苗时空分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(10):2750-2755.Zhi Yulong,Hou Junli,Zhang Tao,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of elver(Anguilla japonica)in the Yangtze River Estuary of China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(10):2750-2755.
[7]周永东,金海卫,张洪亮,等.浙江北部沿岸春夏季凤鲚鱼卵及仔、稚鱼分布特征[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2011,30(4):307-312.Zhou Yongdong,Jin Haiwei,Zhang Hongliang,et al.Distributions of ichthyoplankton of Coilia mystus in the coast of North Zhejiang Province in spring and summer[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2011,30(4):307-312.
[8]王淼,洪波,安传光,等.丰、枯水期杭州湾东北部渔业资源多样性及数量分布[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(2):246-254.Wang Miao,Hong Bo,An Chuanguang,et al.Diversity and density distribution of fishery resources in Northeast of Hangzhou Bay during flood and drought seasons[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(2):246-254.
[9]兰志刚,李新仲,肖钢,等.海上浮式核电站温排水对海洋生态环境的影响[J].海洋科学,2016,40(6):84-88.Lan Zhigang,Li Xinzhong,Xiao Gang,et al.Potential impacts of thermal discharge on marine environment from offshore floating nuclear power plant[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(6):84-88.
[10]施蓓,丁玲,徐凌云,等.东海大桥海上风电场对鸟类组成的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):1068-1075.Shi Bei,Ding Ling,Xu Lingyun,et al.Influence of Donghai bridge offshore wind farm on bird composition[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(4):1068-1075.
[11]Debusschere E,de Coensel B,Vandendriessche S,et al.Effects of offshore wind farms on the early life stages of Dicentrarchus labrax[J].Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life Ii,2016,875:197-204.
[12]Bergstrom L,Kautsky L,Kautsky T,et a1.Effects of offshore wind farms on marine wildlife:A generalized impact assessment[J].Environmental Research Letters,2014,9(3):1-12.
[13]Stenberg C,Stottrup J G,van Deurs M,et al.Long-term effects of an offshore wind farm in the North Sea on fish communities[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2015,528:257-265.
[14]Goodale M W,Milman A.Cumulative adverse effects of offshore wind energy development on wildlife[J].Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,2016,59:1-21.
[15]庄平,王幼槐,李圣法,等.长江口鱼类[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006.Zhuang Ping,Wang Youhuai,Li Shengfa,et al.Fishes of the Yangtze Estuary[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,2006.
[16]张涛,庄平,章龙珍,等.长江口中华鲟自然保护区底层鱼类的群落结构特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(6):1687-1694.Zhang Tao,Zhuang Ping,Zhang Longzhen,et al.Community structure of demersal fish in Nature Reserve of Acipenser sinensis in Yangtze River Estuary[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(6):1687-1694.
[17]张晓举,王海棠,周建波,等.辽东湾西部倾废区临近海域大型底栖动物群落结构[J].海洋科学,2014,38(11):41-16.Zhang Xiaoju,Wang Haitang,Zhou Jianbo,et al.Macrobenthos community in the western Liaodong Bay ocean with dumping ground[J].Marine Sciences,2014,38(11):41-16.
[18]Pinkas L,Olinphamt M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,Bluefin tuna,and bonito in Californian waters[J].State of California,the Resources Agency Department of Fish and Game,Fish Bulletin,1971,152:1-105.
[19]王智,曲方圆,隋吉星,等.夏季辽东湾西部海域大型底栖动物群落结构与多样性[J].海洋科学,2016,40(1):40-47.Wang Zhi,Qu Fangyuan,Sui Jixing,et al.Community structure and diversity of macrobenthos in the western waters of Liaodong Bay during summer[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(1):40-47.
[20]Clarke K R,Ainsworth M.A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1993,92:205-219.
[21]周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件PRIMER的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):58-64.Zhou Hong,Zhang Zhinan.Rationale of the multivariate statistical software PRIMER and its application in benthic community ecology[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(1):58-64.
[22]汪振华,王凯,赵静,等.贻贝养殖区底层鱼类群落结构特征分析[J].海洋科学,2015,39(6):21-31.Wang Zhenhua,Wang Kai,Zhao Jing,et al.Study of benthic fish community structure in mussel farming habitat of Ma’an Archipelago[J].Marine Sciences,2015,39(6):21-31.
[23]Clarke K R,Warwick R M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation(2nd edition)[M].Plymouth,UK:Primer-E,2001.
[24]谢旭,俞存根,周青松,等.杭州湾海域春、秋季鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(3):656-663.Xie Xu,Yu Cungen,Zhou Qingsong,et al.Species composition and quantity distribution of fishes in the Hangzhou Bay during spring and autumn[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(3):656-663.
[25]王淼,洪波,张玉平,等.夏、冬季杭州湾北部游泳动物群落结构[J].广东海洋大学学报,2015,35(3):56-62.Wang Miao,Hong Bo,Zhang Yuping,et al.Community structure of nektons in northern Hangzhou Bay in summer and winter[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2015,35(3):56-62.
[26]蒋玫,王云龙,林钦,等.洋山深水港水域鱼卵仔鱼分布特征[J].海洋环境科学,2008,27(1):43-46.Jiang Mei,Wang Yunlong,Lin Qin,et al.Distribution characteristics of fish eggs and larvae around Yangshan port in Hangzhou Bay[J].Marine Environmental Science,2008,27(1):43-46.
[27]Cabral H N,Costa M J,Salgado J P.Does the Tagus Estuary fish community reflect environmental changes?[J].Climate Research,2001,18(5):119-126.
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