基于步进式算法的裂隙注浆扩散机制研究
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摘要
注浆是治理地下工程围岩裂隙涌(突)水的有效手段,裂隙注浆扩散封堵过程的理论研究是岩体涌(突)水注浆方案科学设计与工程顺利实施的保障。深入分析了注浆材料流变特性、扩散路径及注浆方式等工程与地质因素对裂隙注浆扩散过程的控制作用,基于注入时间的离散将注浆区划分为若干无限小的扩散单元,提出了可计算任意时刻浆液锋面位置、注浆压力、扩散区浆液黏度与压力分布以及注浆速率等关键数据的改进步进式算法,完整刻画了不同注浆工艺下岩体裂隙注浆扩散过程。通过步进式算法分析了恒压注浆、恒速注浆等恒参量裂隙注浆过程(即注浆压力或注浆速率保持恒定);经与已有成果对比,计算结果与文献数据一致性较好,验证了该方法的可靠性和适用性。结合工程实践,运用步进式算法开展了"阶段式递降速率"和"阶段式递增压力"等典型动参量裂隙注浆扩散机制的研究,分析了不同注浆方案下注浆压力、注浆速率及浆液扩散距离等指标的变化特征,在一定程度上揭示了动参量裂隙注浆扩散规律,深化了人们对岩体裂隙注浆扩散理论的理解,为注浆设计和工程实践提供了有意义的指导。
Grouting is an effective method to seal against water inrush in fractured rock. It is important to study the mechanism of fissure grouting to design the grouting and implement the project successfully. In this paper, firstly, the influence of the rheological properties of the slurry, diffusion path and grouting methods on fracture grouting was analyzed deeply. An improved step-wise calculation method was proposed to describe the fissures grouting process under different grouting diffusion conditions. This method can calculate key grouting parameters, such as the slurry front position, injection pressure, slurry viscosity and pressure distribution in the grouted zone, and grouting rate at any time. Secondly, the improved method was utilized to study the constant-parameters such as constant pressure grouting and constant rate grouting during the grouting process. The reliability and applicability of the approach were verified by comparing with previous results in the literature. Finally, the approach was adopted to investigate the dynamic fracture grouting characterized by staged descending rate and staged increasing pressure in practical engineering conditions. The change laws of the key factors, such as the injection pressure, grouting rate and diffusion distance, were analyzed. Therefore, this study revealed the diffusion mechanism of the dynamic fracture grouting to some extent and provided a meaningful guide for grouting design in practice.
Grouting is an effective method to seal against water inrush in fractured rock. It is important to study the mechanism of fissure grouting to design the grouting and implement the project successfully. In this paper, firstly, the influence of the rheological properties of the slurry, diffusion path and grouting methods on fracture grouting was analyzed deeply. An improved step-wise calculation method was proposed to describe the fissures grouting process under different grouting diffusion conditions. This method can calculate key grouting parameters, such as the slurry front position, injection pressure, slurry viscosity and pressure distribution in the grouted zone, and grouting rate at any time. Secondly, the improved method was utilized to study the constant-parameters such as constant pressure grouting and constant rate grouting during the grouting process. The reliability and applicability of the approach were verified by comparing with previous results in the literature. Finally, the approach was adopted to investigate the dynamic fracture grouting characterized by staged descending rate and staged increasing pressure in practical engineering conditions. The change laws of the key factors, such as the injection pressure, grouting rate and diffusion distance, were analyzed. Therefore, this study revealed the diffusion mechanism of the dynamic fracture grouting to some extent and provided a meaningful guide for grouting design in practice.
引文
[1]李术才,李树忱,张庆松,等.岩溶裂隙水与不良地质情况超前预报研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):217-225.LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Forecast of karst-fractured groundwater and defective geological conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):217-225.
[2]佘林辉.隧道涌突水的原因和预测预报方法[J].隧道建设,2012,32(2):164-168.SHE Lin-hui.Causes for water inflow/bursting in tunneling and its prediction methods[J].Tunnel Construction,2012,32(2):164-168.
[3]李术才,张霄,张庆松,等.地下工程涌突水注浆止水浆液扩散机制和封堵方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2377-2396.LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Xiao,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Research on mechanism of grout diffusion of dynamic grouting and plugging method in water inrush of underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(12):2377-2396.
[4]WARNER J.Practical handbook of grouting:soil,rock,and structures[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons Inc.,2004.
[5]杨米加,贺永年,陈明雄.裂隙岩体网络注浆渗流规律[J].水利学报,2001,32(7):41-46.YANG Mi-jia,HE Yong-Nian,CHEN Ming-Xiong.Law of grouting penetrating through fractured network of rock mass[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(7):41-46.
[6]BUTRóN C,GUSTAFSON G,FRANSSON?,et al.Drip sealing of tunnels in hard rock:a new concept for the design and evaluation of permeation grouting[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(2):114-121.
[7]SUI W H,LIU J Y,HU W,et al.Experimental investigation on sealing efficiency of chemical grouting in rock fracture with flowing water[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2015,50(1):239-249.
[8]TANI M E.Grouting rock fractures with cement grout[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(4):547-561.
[9]LITTLEJOHN G S.Acceptable water flows for rock anchor grouting[J].Ground Engineering,1975,8(2):46-48.
[10]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):73-77.RUAN Wen-jun.Research on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):73-77.
[11]GUSTAFSON G,CLAESSON J,FRANSSON?.Steering parameters for rock grouting[J].Journal of Applied Mathematics,2013,22(5):1 643-1 652.
[12]FUNEHAG J,GUSTAFSON G.Design of grouting with silica sol in hard rock-new methods for calculation of penetration length,part I[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(1):1-8.
[13]FUNEHAG J,FRANSSON?.Sealing narrow fractures with a Newtonian fluid:model prediction for grouting verified by field study[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(5):492-498.
[14]XIAO F,ZHAO Z Y,CHEN H M.A simplified model for predicting grout flow in fracture channels[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology,2017,70:11-18.
[15]李雪松,顾春伟.时间推进的动量插值方法研究[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(10):1655-1658.LI Xue-song,GU Chun-wei.The research of the time-marching momentum interpolation method[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2010,31(10):1655-1658.
[16]高慧,周晓君.一种求解可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的隐式迭代时间推进方法[J].计算物理,2008,25(1):51-57.GAO Hui,ZHOU Xiao-jun.An implicit iterative time propulsion method for solving compressible Navier-stokes equations[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2008,25(1):51-57.
[17]KIM J S,LEE I M,JANG J H,et al.Groutability of cement‐based grout with consideration of viscosity and filtration phenomenon[J].International Journal for Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2010,33(16):1771-1797.
[18]ZHANG Q S,ZHANG L Z,LIU R T,et al.Grouting mechanism of quick setting slurry in rock fissure with consideration of viscosity variation with space[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2017,38(2):443-452.
[19]ANDJELKOVIC V,LAZAREVIC Z,NEDOVIC V,et al.Application of the pressure grouting in the hydraulic tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2013,37(6):165-179.
[20]MOHAJERANI S,BAGHBANAN A,BAGHERPOUR R,et al.Grout penetration in fractured rock mass using a new developed explicit algorithm[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,80:412-417.
[21]GROTENHUIS R T.Fracture grouting in theory modelling of fracture grouting in sand[D].Delft:Delft University of Technology,2004.
[22]SUN Z,YAN X,LIU R,et al.Transient analysis of grout penetration with time-dependent viscosity inside 3Dfractured rock mass by unified pipe-network method[J].Water,2018,10(9):1122.
[23]李术才,张伟杰,张庆松,等.富水断裂带优势劈裂注浆机制及注浆控制方法研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):744-752.LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Wei-jie,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Research on advantage-fracture grouting mechanism and controlled grouting method in water-rich fault zone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(3):744-752.
[24]ZHANG W J,LI S C,WEI J C,et al.Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout[J].Carbonates&Evaporites,2018,33:211-222.
[25]张庆松,张连震,张霄,等.基于浆液黏度时空变化的水平裂隙岩体注浆扩散机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(6):1198-1210.ZHANG Qing-song,ZHANG Lian-zhen,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Grouting diffusion mechanism in horizontal crack based on temporal and spatial variation of viscosity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(6):1198-1210.
[26]张聪,梁经纬,张箭,等.基于脉动注浆的宾汉流体渗透扩散机制研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(8):2740-2746.ZHANG Cong,LIANG Jing-wei,ZHANG Jian,et al.Mechanism of Bingham fluid permeation and diffusion based on pulse injection[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(8):2740-2746.
[27]DALMALM T.Choice of grouting method for jointed hard rock based on sealing time predictions[D].Stockholm:Royal Institute of Technology,2004.
[2]佘林辉.隧道涌突水的原因和预测预报方法[J].隧道建设,2012,32(2):164-168.SHE Lin-hui.Causes for water inflow/bursting in tunneling and its prediction methods[J].Tunnel Construction,2012,32(2):164-168.
[3]李术才,张霄,张庆松,等.地下工程涌突水注浆止水浆液扩散机制和封堵方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2377-2396.LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Xiao,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Research on mechanism of grout diffusion of dynamic grouting and plugging method in water inrush of underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(12):2377-2396.
[4]WARNER J.Practical handbook of grouting:soil,rock,and structures[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons Inc.,2004.
[5]杨米加,贺永年,陈明雄.裂隙岩体网络注浆渗流规律[J].水利学报,2001,32(7):41-46.YANG Mi-jia,HE Yong-Nian,CHEN Ming-Xiong.Law of grouting penetrating through fractured network of rock mass[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(7):41-46.
[6]BUTRóN C,GUSTAFSON G,FRANSSON?,et al.Drip sealing of tunnels in hard rock:a new concept for the design and evaluation of permeation grouting[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2010,25(2):114-121.
[7]SUI W H,LIU J Y,HU W,et al.Experimental investigation on sealing efficiency of chemical grouting in rock fracture with flowing water[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2015,50(1):239-249.
[8]TANI M E.Grouting rock fractures with cement grout[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(4):547-561.
[9]LITTLEJOHN G S.Acceptable water flows for rock anchor grouting[J].Ground Engineering,1975,8(2):46-48.
[10]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):73-77.RUAN Wen-jun.Research on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):73-77.
[11]GUSTAFSON G,CLAESSON J,FRANSSON?.Steering parameters for rock grouting[J].Journal of Applied Mathematics,2013,22(5):1 643-1 652.
[12]FUNEHAG J,GUSTAFSON G.Design of grouting with silica sol in hard rock-new methods for calculation of penetration length,part I[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(1):1-8.
[13]FUNEHAG J,FRANSSON?.Sealing narrow fractures with a Newtonian fluid:model prediction for grouting verified by field study[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,21(5):492-498.
[14]XIAO F,ZHAO Z Y,CHEN H M.A simplified model for predicting grout flow in fracture channels[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology,2017,70:11-18.
[15]李雪松,顾春伟.时间推进的动量插值方法研究[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(10):1655-1658.LI Xue-song,GU Chun-wei.The research of the time-marching momentum interpolation method[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2010,31(10):1655-1658.
[16]高慧,周晓君.一种求解可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的隐式迭代时间推进方法[J].计算物理,2008,25(1):51-57.GAO Hui,ZHOU Xiao-jun.An implicit iterative time propulsion method for solving compressible Navier-stokes equations[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2008,25(1):51-57.
[17]KIM J S,LEE I M,JANG J H,et al.Groutability of cement‐based grout with consideration of viscosity and filtration phenomenon[J].International Journal for Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2010,33(16):1771-1797.
[18]ZHANG Q S,ZHANG L Z,LIU R T,et al.Grouting mechanism of quick setting slurry in rock fissure with consideration of viscosity variation with space[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2017,38(2):443-452.
[19]ANDJELKOVIC V,LAZAREVIC Z,NEDOVIC V,et al.Application of the pressure grouting in the hydraulic tunnels[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology Incorporating Trenchless Technology Research,2013,37(6):165-179.
[20]MOHAJERANI S,BAGHBANAN A,BAGHERPOUR R,et al.Grout penetration in fractured rock mass using a new developed explicit algorithm[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,80:412-417.
[21]GROTENHUIS R T.Fracture grouting in theory modelling of fracture grouting in sand[D].Delft:Delft University of Technology,2004.
[22]SUN Z,YAN X,LIU R,et al.Transient analysis of grout penetration with time-dependent viscosity inside 3Dfractured rock mass by unified pipe-network method[J].Water,2018,10(9):1122.
[23]李术才,张伟杰,张庆松,等.富水断裂带优势劈裂注浆机制及注浆控制方法研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):744-752.LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Wei-jie,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Research on advantage-fracture grouting mechanism and controlled grouting method in water-rich fault zone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(3):744-752.
[24]ZHANG W J,LI S C,WEI J C,et al.Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout[J].Carbonates&Evaporites,2018,33:211-222.
[25]张庆松,张连震,张霄,等.基于浆液黏度时空变化的水平裂隙岩体注浆扩散机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(6):1198-1210.ZHANG Qing-song,ZHANG Lian-zhen,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Grouting diffusion mechanism in horizontal crack based on temporal and spatial variation of viscosity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(6):1198-1210.
[26]张聪,梁经纬,张箭,等.基于脉动注浆的宾汉流体渗透扩散机制研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(8):2740-2746.ZHANG Cong,LIANG Jing-wei,ZHANG Jian,et al.Mechanism of Bingham fluid permeation and diffusion based on pulse injection[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(8):2740-2746.
[27]DALMALM T.Choice of grouting method for jointed hard rock based on sealing time predictions[D].Stockholm:Royal Institute of Technology,2004.