含大块石泥石流冲击作用下混凝土拦挡坝的动力学行为研究
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摘要
针对含大块石泥石流冲击混凝土拦挡坝的动力学问题,基于已有的SPH-FEM耦合数值方法,考虑了大块石-泥石流浆体-拦挡坝的相互动态作用,建立了一个三维耦合数值模型。分别分析了泥石流的冲击被拦挡过程、冲击力时程、坝体关键点位移时程、坝体破坏等动力学行为、块石形状对冲击力影响。并根据坝体破坏机理,结合工程实践,分析了减小迎坡比、增设防撞墩和增加缓冲层三种防撞优化对策。计算结果表明:SPH-FEM耦合数值方法形象再现了泥石流冲击过程中的冲击、爬高、回淤现象;大块石的集中作用易造成坝体冲击处局部破坏;从冲击力减小幅度和拦挡坝破坏程度综合分析,带缓冲层拦挡坝防撞性能最优。数值分析结果对含大块石泥石流冲击拦挡坝的动力学行为研究及防撞设计具有一定的参考价值。
Aiming at the dynamic problem of a concrete dam impacted by debris flows with rock, based on the existing coupled SPH-FEM method, considering the coupled dynamic behaviors between rock-slurry-dam, a three-dimensional coupled numerical model was established. The dynamic behaviors of debris flows with rock including the impact process, impact force time-history, key point displacement time-history and dam damage were analyzed respectively. According to the damage mechanism of the dam and the engineering practice, three optimized anti-collision countermeasures, i.e., reducing the slope ratio, adding anti-collision piers and adding the buffer layer were analyzed.The results show that the coupled SPH-FEM method can reproduce the impact, climb and back-silting phenomena; the concentrated load of rock can easily cause the local damage of the dam;based on the comprehensive analysis of the decrease extent of impact force and the damage condition of the dam, the anti-collision ability of the dam with the buffer layer is optimal.The results obtained from the study are useful for the facilitating design of dam against debris flows with rock.
Aiming at the dynamic problem of a concrete dam impacted by debris flows with rock, based on the existing coupled SPH-FEM method, considering the coupled dynamic behaviors between rock-slurry-dam, a three-dimensional coupled numerical model was established. The dynamic behaviors of debris flows with rock including the impact process, impact force time-history, key point displacement time-history and dam damage were analyzed respectively. According to the damage mechanism of the dam and the engineering practice, three optimized anti-collision countermeasures, i.e., reducing the slope ratio, adding anti-collision piers and adding the buffer layer were analyzed.The results show that the coupled SPH-FEM method can reproduce the impact, climb and back-silting phenomena; the concentrated load of rock can easily cause the local damage of the dam;based on the comprehensive analysis of the decrease extent of impact force and the damage condition of the dam, the anti-collision ability of the dam with the buffer layer is optimal.The results obtained from the study are useful for the facilitating design of dam against debris flows with rock.
引文
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[19]潘建平,曾庆筠,王超众,等.尾砂流滑冲击效应数值分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(10):99-103.PAN Jianping,ZENG Qingyun,WANG Chaozhong,et al.Numerical analysis of tailings flow impact effect[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(10):99-103.
[20]孟一,易伟建.混凝土圆柱体试件在低速冲击下动力效应的研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(3):205-210.MENG Yi,YI Weijian.Dynamic behavior of concrete cylinder specimens under low velocity impact[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(3):205-210.
[21]程选生,张爱军,任毅,等.泥石流作用下砌体结构的破坏机理和防倒塌措施[J].工程力学,2015,32(8):156-163.CHENG Xuansheng,ZHANG Aijun,REN Yi,et al.Failure mechanism and anti-collapse measures of masonry structure under debris flow[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(8):156-163.
[22]乔继延,丁桦,郑哲敏.爆炸排淤填石法中淤泥的本构模型[J].工程爆破,2003,9(3):1-6.QIAO Jiyan,DING Ye,ZHENG Zhemin.Seaooze constitutive model for toe-shooting method[J].Engineering Blasting,2003,9(3):1-6.
[23]KWAN J S H.Supplementary technical guidance on design of rigid debris-resisting barriers:TN 2/2012[P].The HKSARGovernment:Civil Engineering and Development Department,2012.
[24]JIANG Y J,TOWHATA I.Experimental study of dry granular flow and impact behavior against a rigid retaining wall[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2013,46(4):713-729.
[25]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[26]HANSSEN A G,GIRARD Y,OLOVSSON L,et al.Anumerical model for bird strike of aluminium foam-based sandwich panels[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2006,32(7):1127-1144.
[2]张楠,方志伟,韩笑,等.近年来我国泥石流灾害时空分布规律及成因分析[J].地学前缘,2018,25(2):209-308.ZHANG Nan,FANG Zhiwei,HAN Xiao,et al.The study on temporal and spatial distribution law and cause of debris flow disaster in China in recent years[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2018,25(2):209-308.
[3]TANG C,RENGERS N,VANAC J.Triggering conditions and depositional characteristics of a disastrous debris flow event in Zhouqu city,Gansu province,northwestern China[J].Hazards Earth Syst,2011,11:2903-2912.
[4]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[5]余政.冲击荷载作用下泥石流拦挡坝变形破坏机制[D].西安:西安科技大学,2016.
[6]何思明,李新坡,吴永.考虑弹塑性变形的泥石流大块石冲击力计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):1664-1669.HE Siming,LI Xinpo,WU Yong.Calculation of impact force of outrunner blocks in debris flow considering elastoplastic deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):1664-1669.
[7]李培振,高宇,郭沫君.泥石流冲击力的研究现状[J].结构工程师,2015,31(1):200-206.LI Peizhen,GAO Yu,GUO Mojun.Research status and development trend of debris-flow impact force[J].Structural Engineers,2015,31(1):200-206.
[8]王兆印.泥石流龙头运动的实验研究及能量理论[J].水力学报,2001,32(3):18-26.WANG Zhaoyin.Experimental study on debirs-flow head and the energy theory[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2001,32(3):18-26.
[9]HU Kaiheng,WEI Fangqiang,LI Hong.Real-time measurement and preliminary analysis of debirs-flow impact force at Jiangjia Ravne,China[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2011,36(9):1268-1278.
[10]CHEN Hongkai,TANG Hongmei,CHEN Yeying.Research on method to calculate velocities of solid phase and liquid phase in debris flow[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2006,27(3):399-408.
[11]HAN Z,CHEN G,LI Y,et al.Numerical simulation of debris-flow behavior incorporating a dynamic method for estimating the entrainment[J].Engineering Geology,2015,190:52-64.
[12]SHAN T,ZHAO J.A coupled CFD-DEM analysis of granular flow impacting on a water reservoir[J].Acta Mech,2014,225(8):2449-2470.
[13]李培振,程远超,高宇,等.底层框架柱在黏性泥石流冲击作用下的性能分析[J].结构工程师,2016,32(3):15-21.LI Peizhen,CHENG Yuanchao,GAO Yu,et al.Study on performance of the bottom column of a frame structure under viscous debris flow impact[J].Structural Engineers,2016,32(3):15-21.
[14]CHENG Xuansheng,WANG Junling,REN Yi.Fluid-solid interaction dynamic response of masonry structures under debris flow action[J].European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2013,17(9):841-859.
[15]黄雨,郝亮,野々山人.SPH方法在岩土工程中的研究应用进展[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):256-262.HUANG Yu,HAO Liang,NONOYAMA Hideto.The state of the art of SPH method applied in geotechnical engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(2):256-262.
[16]LIU G R,LIU M B.Smoothed particle hydrodynamics-a meshfree particle method[M].New Jersey:World Scientific Publishing Company,2003.
[17]WANG W,CHEN G,HAN Z,et al.3D numerical simulation of debris-flow motion using SPH method incorporating non-Newtonian fluid behavior[J].Nat Hazards,2016,81(3):1981-1998.
[18]DAI Z,HUANG Y,CHENG H,et al.SPH model for fluidstructure interaction and its application to debris flow impact estimation[J].Landslides,2016,14(3):1-12.
[19]潘建平,曾庆筠,王超众,等.尾砂流滑冲击效应数值分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(10):99-103.PAN Jianping,ZENG Qingyun,WANG Chaozhong,et al.Numerical analysis of tailings flow impact effect[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(10):99-103.
[20]孟一,易伟建.混凝土圆柱体试件在低速冲击下动力效应的研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(3):205-210.MENG Yi,YI Weijian.Dynamic behavior of concrete cylinder specimens under low velocity impact[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(3):205-210.
[21]程选生,张爱军,任毅,等.泥石流作用下砌体结构的破坏机理和防倒塌措施[J].工程力学,2015,32(8):156-163.CHENG Xuansheng,ZHANG Aijun,REN Yi,et al.Failure mechanism and anti-collapse measures of masonry structure under debris flow[J].Engineering Mechanics,2015,32(8):156-163.
[22]乔继延,丁桦,郑哲敏.爆炸排淤填石法中淤泥的本构模型[J].工程爆破,2003,9(3):1-6.QIAO Jiyan,DING Ye,ZHENG Zhemin.Seaooze constitutive model for toe-shooting method[J].Engineering Blasting,2003,9(3):1-6.
[23]KWAN J S H.Supplementary technical guidance on design of rigid debris-resisting barriers:TN 2/2012[P].The HKSARGovernment:Civil Engineering and Development Department,2012.
[24]JIANG Y J,TOWHATA I.Experimental study of dry granular flow and impact behavior against a rigid retaining wall[J].Rock Mechanics&Rock Engineering,2013,46(4):713-729.
[25]吴积善,田连权,康志成,等.泥石流及其综合治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[26]HANSSEN A G,GIRARD Y,OLOVSSON L,et al.Anumerical model for bird strike of aluminium foam-based sandwich panels[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2006,32(7):1127-1144.
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