黄河小北干流放淤试验工程泥沙处置效果分析
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摘要
黄河小北干流放淤试验工程建成以后,按照来水含沙量、流量、粗颗粒泥沙含量及水沙相同历时等调度运行指标要求,先后在2004-2007年、2010年、2012年共计进行了15轮无坝自流放淤试验。原型观测资料分析表明:放淤试验工程总计引水11 603.4万m~3,引沙899.6万t,淤区淤积泥沙622.1万t,粗沙淤积比明显大于细沙淤积比,实现了较好的淤粗排细效果;由于黄河水沙变化和引水口门处河势变化等原因,导致放淤频次降低,放淤闸引水含沙量降低、引沙中粗沙比重减小,使得淤积量和淤积物中粗沙比重减小。总结分析认为小北干流无坝放淤在有利的水沙条件、河势条件及精细的调度管理情况下,可以实现多引泥沙,尤其是多引粗沙,淤粗排细。由于无坝自流放淤影响因素多,很难全面控制,放淤效果持续保障的难度大。
After warping tests in Small North reach of the Yellow River, a total of 15 runs of self flow and warping tests without dam had been finished during 2004-2007, 2010, and 2012, according to requirements of indexes, like sediment concentration, flow, coarse sediment content and same diachronic length between water and sediment. Prototype indicated that the diversion water was 116 million and 34 thousand cubic meters, and sediment diversion was 8 million and 996 thousand tons. Deposition sediment was 6 million and 221 thousand tons in warping tests. Meanwhile, the coarse sands was larger than that of silver sand, achieving the result of silting the coarse and desilting the fine sediment preferably. Specifically, both sediment concentration and the proportion of coarse sands in sediment diversion decreased, resulting to decrease frequency of warping and decrease trend of siltation volume and proportion of coarse sand as well, due to the change of water and sediment in the Yellow River and the change of river regime at the entrance of the water diversion. Therefore, it should be believed that warping in Small North reach of the Yellow River without dam has possibility to achieve the silting targets of multiple sediment diversions, especially coarse sands, silting the coarse and desilting the fine sediment. However, it is difficult to maintain the effect of silting and control completely, owing to many influential factors of self flow and warping tests without dam.
After warping tests in Small North reach of the Yellow River, a total of 15 runs of self flow and warping tests without dam had been finished during 2004-2007, 2010, and 2012, according to requirements of indexes, like sediment concentration, flow, coarse sediment content and same diachronic length between water and sediment. Prototype indicated that the diversion water was 116 million and 34 thousand cubic meters, and sediment diversion was 8 million and 996 thousand tons. Deposition sediment was 6 million and 221 thousand tons in warping tests. Meanwhile, the coarse sands was larger than that of silver sand, achieving the result of silting the coarse and desilting the fine sediment preferably. Specifically, both sediment concentration and the proportion of coarse sands in sediment diversion decreased, resulting to decrease frequency of warping and decrease trend of siltation volume and proportion of coarse sand as well, due to the change of water and sediment in the Yellow River and the change of river regime at the entrance of the water diversion. Therefore, it should be believed that warping in Small North reach of the Yellow River without dam has possibility to achieve the silting targets of multiple sediment diversions, especially coarse sands, silting the coarse and desilting the fine sediment. However, it is difficult to maintain the effect of silting and control completely, owing to many influential factors of self flow and warping tests without dam.
引文
[1] 安催花,郭选英,李远发,等.黄河小北干流放淤试验工程引水口布置研究与实践[J].泥沙研究,2006(1):38-44.
[2] 王自英,姜乃迁,黄福贵,等.黄河小北干流放淤试验“淤粗排细”效果分析[J].泥沙研究,2010(2):43-47.
[3] 武彩萍,勾兆莉,郭慧敏,等.浅谈黄河小北干流放淤试验工程关键技术[J].水利水电技术,2005(10):51-66.
[4] 陈伟伟,王自英,黄福贵.黄河小北干流放淤试验引水引沙效果分析[J].水利科技与经济,2008(9):702-703+708.
[5] 李远发,陈俊杰,武彩萍,等.黄河小北干流放淤与小浪底水库调度运用[C]//第十二届中国海岸工程学术讨论会论文集,2005-10,中国昆明:海洋出版社,2005:174-176.
[2] 王自英,姜乃迁,黄福贵,等.黄河小北干流放淤试验“淤粗排细”效果分析[J].泥沙研究,2010(2):43-47.
[3] 武彩萍,勾兆莉,郭慧敏,等.浅谈黄河小北干流放淤试验工程关键技术[J].水利水电技术,2005(10):51-66.
[4] 陈伟伟,王自英,黄福贵.黄河小北干流放淤试验引水引沙效果分析[J].水利科技与经济,2008(9):702-703+708.
[5] 李远发,陈俊杰,武彩萍,等.黄河小北干流放淤与小浪底水库调度运用[C]//第十二届中国海岸工程学术讨论会论文集,2005-10,中国昆明:海洋出版社,2005:174-176.
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