CO_2泡沫压裂工艺技术研究及现场实践
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摘要
对低压致密、水敏性气藏,常规水基压裂开采存在水锁损害严重、压裂液返排难度大等问题,严重影响气井产量,采用CO_2泡沫压裂开采工艺是提高该类气藏产量的有效途径,为此开展了CO_2泡沫压裂技术研究,包括CO_2泡沫压裂液酸性交联技术、注入方式优化技术、变排量变泡沫质量设计方法和提高裂缝导流能力配套措施。以苏里格气田苏11-52-65井为例,采用优化的CO_2泡沫压裂技术,完成了单层加砂49.2 m~3的较大规模施工,压后破胶液实现了完全自喷快速返排,日产气量达到苏里格气田平均单井日产气量的2.2倍,证实了该优化设计方法和配套措施的有效性,也显示出CO_2泡沫压裂工艺在开采低压致密气藏中的良好应用前景。
Low pressure and water-sensitive tight gas reservoir,conventional hydraulic fracturing can easily cause water lock damage and the post-fracturing gel broken fluid was difficult to flow back,which results in production decline. Here,CO_2 foam hydraulic fracturing techniques was studied. The techniques included development of acid CO_2 foam fracturing fluids,selection of pumping string and injection scheme,optimization design of variable foam quality with variable flow rate,and supporting measures to improve the fracture conductivity. An example in No. 11-52-65 well of Sulige gas field,fracturing treatment was successfully carried out in the gas field. The proppant amount achieved up to 49. 2 m~3 for a single layer. The gel breaking liquid flow back completely without pumping. The daily gas output 2. 2 times that of the average single well production in this gas field. The results of empirical study confirmed the effectiveness of the optimization design method and the supporting measures,and it shows the good application prospect of CO_2 foam fracturing in low pressure tight gas reservoir.
Low pressure and water-sensitive tight gas reservoir,conventional hydraulic fracturing can easily cause water lock damage and the post-fracturing gel broken fluid was difficult to flow back,which results in production decline. Here,CO_2 foam hydraulic fracturing techniques was studied. The techniques included development of acid CO_2 foam fracturing fluids,selection of pumping string and injection scheme,optimization design of variable foam quality with variable flow rate,and supporting measures to improve the fracture conductivity. An example in No. 11-52-65 well of Sulige gas field,fracturing treatment was successfully carried out in the gas field. The proppant amount achieved up to 49. 2 m~3 for a single layer. The gel breaking liquid flow back completely without pumping. The daily gas output 2. 2 times that of the average single well production in this gas field. The results of empirical study confirmed the effectiveness of the optimization design method and the supporting measures,and it shows the good application prospect of CO_2 foam fracturing in low pressure tight gas reservoir.
引文
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[12]杜发勇,张恩仑,张学政,等.压裂施工中管路摩阻计算方法分析与改进意见探讨[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(5):41-43.DU F Y,ZHANG E L,ZHANG X Z,et al.The analysis and improvement of friction calculation method in fracturing operation[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2002,25(5):41-43.
[13]王鸿勋,张士诚.水力压裂设计数值计算方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.WANG H X,ZHANG S C.Numerical calculation method of hydraulic fracturing design[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998.
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[15]郑新权.长庆上古生界气藏CO2泡沫压裂技术研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4):111-113.ZHENG X Q.Carbon-dioxide hydraulic fracturing technology and its application to the upper Paleozoic gas reservoirs of the Changqing oilfield,northwest[J].Petroleum exploration and development,2003,30(4):111-113.
[16]王振铎,王晓泉,卢拥军.二氧化碳泡沫压裂技术在低渗透低压气藏中的应用[J].石油学报,1994,25(3):66-70.WANG Z D,WANG X Q,LU Y J.Application of carbon dioxide foam fracturing technology in low permeability and low pressure gas reservoir[J].Acta Petroleum Science,1994,25(3):66-70.
[17]沈建国,陆灯云.提高支撑缝宽的超常规压裂工艺技术[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(5):35-36.SHEN J G,LU D Y.Supernormal fracturing technology for increasing propped fracture width[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2004,27(5):35-36.
[2]刘从彪,檀为建,彭松良,等.泡沫压裂设计中的计算公式[J].石油钻采工艺,1997,19(3):88-91.LIU C B,TAN W J,PENG S L,et al.The calculation equations used in design of foam fracturing[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1997,19(3):88-91.
[3]王斌,汪军,林宗虎,等.CO2泡沫压裂裂缝三维延伸及温度场的数值模拟[J].上海理工大学学报,2005,27(1):71-74.WANG B,WANG J,LIN Z H,et al.Numerical investigation on 3D fracture propagation and temperature field in CO2foam fracturing[J].University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,2005,27(1):71-74.
[4]申峰,张锋三,吴金桥,等.CO2泡沫压裂液流变特性研究及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):566-570.SHEN F,ZHANG F S,WU J Q,et al.The application and study on rheological properties of CO2foam fracturing fluid[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):566-570.
[5]郭庆,刘通义,林波,等.超分子聚合物清洁CO2泡沫压裂液的研究及应用[J].石油与天然气化工,2016,45(5):62-66.GUO Q,ZLIU T Y,LIN B,et al.Research and application of a clean supramolecular polymeric CO2foam fracturing fluid[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas,2016,45(5):62-66.
[6]李兆敏,张超,李松岩,等.非均质油藏CO2泡沫与CO2交替驱提高采收率研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2011,24(6):1-5.LI Z M,ZHANG C,LI S Y,et al.Experiment research of CO2foam alternating CO2 displacement EOR technology in heterogeneous reservoir[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities,2011,24(6):1-5.
[7]王树众,王志刚,林宗虎,等.CO2泡沫裂液两相流动特性的试验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2003,37(9):975-978.WANG S Z,WANG Z G,LIN Z H,et al.Experimental research on the two-phase flow characteristics of CO2foam fracturing fluid[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2003,37(9):975-978.
[8]高志亮,段玉秀,吴金桥,等.酸性交联CO2泡沫压裂液起泡剂的研制及其性能研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2013(5):79-81+101.GAO Z L,DUAN Y X,WU J Q,et al.Selection and Performance Study of Foaming Agent of CO2Acidic Crosslinking Foam Fracturing Liquid[J].Drilling Fluid and Completion Fluid,2013(5):79-81+101.
[9]周继东,朱伟民,卢拥军,等.二氧化碳泡沫压裂液研究与应用[J].油田化学,2004,21(4):316-319.ZHOU J D,ZHU W M,LU Y J,et al.Studies and uses of carbon dioxide foamed hydro fracturing fluid[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2004,21(4):316-319.
[10]丁云宏,丛连铸,卢拥军,等.CO2泡沫压裂液的研究与应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):103-105.DING Y H,CONG L Z,LU Y J,et al.Study and application of CO2foam fracturing fluids[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(4):103-105.
[11]杨胜来,邱吉平,何建军,等.高温高压下CO2泡沫压裂液摩阻计算研究[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(6):1-4.YANG S L,QIU J P,HE J J,et al.Study on friction calculation for CO2foam fracturing fluids under high temperature and high pressure[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2007,35(6):1-4.
[12]杜发勇,张恩仑,张学政,等.压裂施工中管路摩阻计算方法分析与改进意见探讨[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(5):41-43.DU F Y,ZHANG E L,ZHANG X Z,et al.The analysis and improvement of friction calculation method in fracturing operation[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2002,25(5):41-43.
[13]王鸿勋,张士诚.水力压裂设计数值计算方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998.WANG H X,ZHANG S C.Numerical calculation method of hydraulic fracturing design[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998.
[14]郑新权,靳志霞.CO2泡沫压裂优化设计技术及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(4):53-56.ZHENG X Q,JIN Z X.Optimizing design technology and application of CO2 foam fracturing[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2003,25(4):53-56.
[15]郑新权.长庆上古生界气藏CO2泡沫压裂技术研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4):111-113.ZHENG X Q.Carbon-dioxide hydraulic fracturing technology and its application to the upper Paleozoic gas reservoirs of the Changqing oilfield,northwest[J].Petroleum exploration and development,2003,30(4):111-113.
[16]王振铎,王晓泉,卢拥军.二氧化碳泡沫压裂技术在低渗透低压气藏中的应用[J].石油学报,1994,25(3):66-70.WANG Z D,WANG X Q,LU Y J.Application of carbon dioxide foam fracturing technology in low permeability and low pressure gas reservoir[J].Acta Petroleum Science,1994,25(3):66-70.
[17]沈建国,陆灯云.提高支撑缝宽的超常规压裂工艺技术[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(5):35-36.SHEN J G,LU D Y.Supernormal fracturing technology for increasing propped fracture width[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2004,27(5):35-36.