太极图和中华法系的初期形态
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摘要
仰韶文化、马家窑文化效法自然,构建了鲸鲵器物图案(太极图),以鲵鱼首尾相连,表示和顺的帝王和诸侯关系,双鲸相对或者相随体现正常的帝王和诸侯关系,鲸鲵断尾象征对诸侯的封杀,是为器法时代,后人称为象刑制度;尧舜时代"画衣冠异章服"将法器普遍化,和律条相对应,丰富了象刑制度,中华法系最初形态因此形成。
In Yangshao Culture and Majiayao Culture,the diagram of the universe was formed with images of whale and salamander. The two end-to-end positioned salamanders show the amiable relations between the emperor and his dukes; while the two opposite or accompanied whales demonstrate the normal relations between them. The broken tails of salamander and whale symbolize the emperor's snub for the duke as a punishment in the symbolic punishment system. In the Rao and Shun period,the legal implements were generalized and corresponded to legal articles,by which the symbolic punishment system was enriched and thus formed the initial Chinese legal system.
In Yangshao Culture and Majiayao Culture,the diagram of the universe was formed with images of whale and salamander. The two end-to-end positioned salamanders show the amiable relations between the emperor and his dukes; while the two opposite or accompanied whales demonstrate the normal relations between them. The broken tails of salamander and whale symbolize the emperor's snub for the duke as a punishment in the symbolic punishment system. In the Rao and Shun period,the legal implements were generalized and corresponded to legal articles,by which the symbolic punishment system was enriched and thus formed the initial Chinese legal system.
引文
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[44]陈戌国.《诗经校注》之《相鼠》、《硕鼠》[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2004.
[2]唐兰.陕西省岐山县董家村新出土西周重要铜器铭辞的译文和注释[J].社会科学战线,1985(1).
[3][东汉]班固.汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1962.
[4][南朝梁]萧统.文选[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1986.
[5][晋]郭璞,注.[宋]邢昺,疏.尔雅注疏[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1997.
[6][东汉]应劭,撰.王利器,校注.《风俗通义》校注[M].北京:中华书局,1981.
[7]张海峰.“象刑”辨疑[J].西南政法大学学报,2010(3).
[8]王小健.论象刑[J].吉林大学学报,1998(1).
[9]吴荣曾.试论先秦刑罚规范中所保留的氏族制残余[J].中国社会科学,1984(3).
[10]尤韶华.历经二千五百年争议的中国最早刑制——中国传统司法原则的渊源[EB/OL].中国法学网,2014-02-25.http://iolaw.org.cn/shownews.asp?id=2159.
[11]巩启明.仰韶文化[M].北京:文物出版社,2002.
[12]陆思贤.神话考古[M].北京:文物出版社,1995:121-125,165;陆思贤,李迪.天文考古通论[M].北京:祡禁城出版社,2000:70-71;陈久金.阴阳五行八卦起源新说[J].自然科学史研究,1986,5(2).
[13]谢诚.华夏文明的曙光[N].人民日报(海外版),2003-03-24.
[14][清]严可均,辑.全上古三代汉魏六朝文[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2009.
[15]佚名.周礼[M].汉魏古注十三经本.北京:中华书局,1998.
[16][西汉]司马迁.史记[M].北京:中华书局,1959.
[17][西汉]孔安国,传.[唐]孔颖达,正义.[清]阮元,校刻.尚书正义[M].十三经注疏本.上海:上海古籍出版社,1997.
[18][战国]墨子.墨子[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1995.
[19]梁启雄.韩子浅释[M].北京:中华书局,1960.
[20][宋]洪兴祖.楚辞补注[M].北京:中华书局,1983.
[21]袁珂,校注.山海经校注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1980.
[22]袁康,吴平,辑录.乐祖谋,点校.越绝书[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1985.
[23][西晋]陈寿.三国志[M].北京:中华书局,1959.
[24][唐]孔颖达.周易正义[M].十三经注疏本.上海:上海古籍出版社,1997.
[25][唐]徐彦.春秋公羊传注疏[M].十三经注疏本.上海:上海古籍出版社,1997.
[26][清]王先谦.荀子集解[M].北京:中华书局,1988.
[27]许富宏.慎子集校集注[M].北京:中华书局,2013.
[28][东汉]扬雄.扬子云集[M].文渊阁四库全书本.台北:台湾商务印书馆,2008.
[29][春秋]左丘明.左传[M].汉魏古注十三经本.北京:中华书局,1998.
[30][清]陈澔.礼记集说[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1987.
[31][北宋]司马光,著.[元]胡三省,音注.资治通鉴[M].北京:中华书局,1956.
[32][后晋]刘昫.旧唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975.
[33][南朝宋]范晔.后汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1973.
[34][明]朱谋埠.骈雅:卷二[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[35][清]王念孙.读书杂志·余编上(下册)[M].北京:中国书店,1985.
[36][北宋]陆佃.埤雅:卷一一[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[37][南朝梁]萧子显.南齐书[M].北京:中华书局,1972.
[38][唐]姚思廉.陈书[M].北京:中华书局,1972.
[39][唐]令狐德棻.周书[M].北京:中华书局,1971.
[40][元]脱脱.宋史[M].北京:中华书局,1977.
[41][东汉]郑玄,注.仪礼:卷一三[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[42]吴师道.战国策校注[M].北京:中华书局,1991.
[43]熊润频.安徽怀宁孙家城遗址发现许多独特现象[N].中国改革报,2008-01-10;朔知,金晓春.安徽怀宁孙家城遗址发现新石器时代城址[N].中国文物报,2008-02-15.
[44]陈戌国.《诗经校注》之《相鼠》、《硕鼠》[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2004.