油砂蒸汽辅助重力泄油中汽液界面运移数学模型及规律分析
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摘要
油砂蒸汽辅助重力泄油(steam assisted gravity drainage,SAGD)过程实施蒸汽捕集控制的目的是为了在生产井上方形成一定高度的汽液界面,预防蒸汽突破的发生,提高热量利用效率。然而,现场操作中汽液界面位置并不能直接监测,只能通过监测注采井间温度差(subcool)进行间接估测。为了准确预测蒸汽腔汽液界面运移位置,将蒸汽腔内液池垂向剖面形状简化为"扇形",根据流体渗流理论建立了汽液界面高度随subcool、注采压差和产液速度变化的数学模型,通过数值模拟证实其可靠性,并分析汽液界面运移规律。该模型结合动态监测资料和生产动态数据实现了汽液界面运移位置快速预测,可为现场技术人员准确判断汽液界面运移位置提供重要手段。
The aim of steam trap control in( SAGD) process is to maintain certain steam-liquid level above producer,prevent steam breakthrough into the lower producer and improve heat energy efficiency. Nevertheless,it is almost impossible to monitor this liquid level,but to indirectly estimate steam-liquid level through monitoring temperature difference between horizontal injector and producer( subcool). In order to accurately predict the height of steam-liquid level,a 2-dimensional steady state mathematical model reflecting the relationship of steam-liquid level,subcool temperature difference,pressure difference and liquid production rate was established,based on the assumption of simplification the shape of liquid pool into sector,which can be gained from earlier SAGD experiment conducted by Butler. Then,the theoretical model was confirmed a reasonably good approximation of steam-liquid level prediction by numerical simulation. Moreover,the moving law for steam-liquid level was analyzed under certain conditions of purified gravity drainage or certain pressure difference. Combined with dynamic monitoring and production performance data,this model can provide technicians an important tool for predicting steam-liquid level location quickly and accurately.
The aim of steam trap control in( SAGD) process is to maintain certain steam-liquid level above producer,prevent steam breakthrough into the lower producer and improve heat energy efficiency. Nevertheless,it is almost impossible to monitor this liquid level,but to indirectly estimate steam-liquid level through monitoring temperature difference between horizontal injector and producer( subcool). In order to accurately predict the height of steam-liquid level,a 2-dimensional steady state mathematical model reflecting the relationship of steam-liquid level,subcool temperature difference,pressure difference and liquid production rate was established,based on the assumption of simplification the shape of liquid pool into sector,which can be gained from earlier SAGD experiment conducted by Butler. Then,the theoretical model was confirmed a reasonably good approximation of steam-liquid level prediction by numerical simulation. Moreover,the moving law for steam-liquid level was analyzed under certain conditions of purified gravity drainage or certain pressure difference. Combined with dynamic monitoring and production performance data,this model can provide technicians an important tool for predicting steam-liquid level location quickly and accurately.
引文
1王健,谢华锋,王骏.加拿大油砂资源开采技术及前景展望[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(5):16-20Wang Jian,Xie Huangfeng,Wang Jun. Canadian oil sands recovery technology and future outlook[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2011,18(5):16-20
2 杨进,严德,田瑞瑞,等.油砂蒸汽辅助重力泄油法开采技术[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(6):8-12Yang Jin,Yan De,Tian Ruirui,et al. Steam assisted gravity drainage process in oil sands project[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(6):8-12
3 Butler R M. Thermal recovery of oil and bitumen[M]. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1991:214-216
4 Smith D,Handfield T,Kaiser T. SAGD producer wellbore optimization-concept to completion:WHOC14-109[R]//New Orleans:The Proceedings of 7th World Heavy Oil Congress,2014
5 Edmunds N R. Investigation of SAGD steam trap control in two and three dimensions[C]//The Proceedings of International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology. Calgary:SPE,1998:30-40
6 梁光跃,刘尚奇,陈和平,等.油砂蒸汽辅助重力泄油开发过程中面临的夹层问题[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(4):68-73Liang Guangyue,Liu Shangqi,Chen Heping,et al. Shale layers issues in oil sands SAGD process[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(4):68-73
7 李巍.隔夹层对直井水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油开发效果的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(4):28-32Li Wei. The influence of interlayer on the development effect of the vertical and horizontal wells SAGD[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(4):28-32
8 顾浩,孙建芳,秦学杰,等.相对低/高渗区对蒸汽辅助重力泄油传热传质影响的数值模拟研究[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(4):46-51Gu Hao,Sun Jianfang,Qin Xuejie,et al. Numerical investigation of relative low/high permeability zone on heat and mass transfer in steam-assisted gravity drainage process[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(4):46-51
9 Irani M. On subcool control and stability envelopes to avoid steam breakthrough in the SAGD producers:WHOC16-253[R]. Calgary:The Proceedings of 8th World Heavy Oil Congress,2016
10 Butler R M,Stephens D J. The gravity drainage of steam-heated heavy oil to parallel horizontal wells[J]. The Journal of Canadian Petroleum,1981,2(7):90-96
11 Griffin P J,Trofimenkoff P N. Laboratory studies of the steam-assisted gravity drainage process[J]. AOSTRA Journal of Research,1986,2(4):197-203
12 Joshi S D. A laboratory study of thermal oil recovery using horizontal wells[C]//The Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery. Tulsa:SPE,1986:457-467
13 Sasaki K, Akibayashi S. Experimental modeling of the SAGD process—Enhancing SAGD performance with periodic stimulation of the horizontal producer[C]//The Proceedings of Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Texas:SPE,1999:409-419
14 马德胜,郭嘉,昝成,等.蒸汽辅助重力泄油改善汽腔发育均匀性物理模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):188-193Ma Desheng,Guo Jia,Zan Cheng,et al. Physical simulation of improving the uniformity of steam chamber growth in the steam assisted gravity drainage[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):188-193
15 钱根宝,马德胜,任香,等.双水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油生产井控制机理与应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(2):147-149Qian Genbao,Ma Desheng,Ren Xiang,et al. Production well control mechanism of pair of horizontal wells by SAGD process with application[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(2):147-149
16 Yuan J Y,Nugent D. Sub-cool,fluid productivity,and liquid level above a SAGD producer[C]//The Proceedings of Heavy Oil Conference. Calgary:SPE,2012:157899
2 杨进,严德,田瑞瑞,等.油砂蒸汽辅助重力泄油法开采技术[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(6):8-12Yang Jin,Yan De,Tian Ruirui,et al. Steam assisted gravity drainage process in oil sands project[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(6):8-12
3 Butler R M. Thermal recovery of oil and bitumen[M]. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1991:214-216
4 Smith D,Handfield T,Kaiser T. SAGD producer wellbore optimization-concept to completion:WHOC14-109[R]//New Orleans:The Proceedings of 7th World Heavy Oil Congress,2014
5 Edmunds N R. Investigation of SAGD steam trap control in two and three dimensions[C]//The Proceedings of International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology. Calgary:SPE,1998:30-40
6 梁光跃,刘尚奇,陈和平,等.油砂蒸汽辅助重力泄油开发过程中面临的夹层问题[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(4):68-73Liang Guangyue,Liu Shangqi,Chen Heping,et al. Shale layers issues in oil sands SAGD process[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(4):68-73
7 李巍.隔夹层对直井水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油开发效果的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(4):28-32Li Wei. The influence of interlayer on the development effect of the vertical and horizontal wells SAGD[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(4):28-32
8 顾浩,孙建芳,秦学杰,等.相对低/高渗区对蒸汽辅助重力泄油传热传质影响的数值模拟研究[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(4):46-51Gu Hao,Sun Jianfang,Qin Xuejie,et al. Numerical investigation of relative low/high permeability zone on heat and mass transfer in steam-assisted gravity drainage process[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(4):46-51
9 Irani M. On subcool control and stability envelopes to avoid steam breakthrough in the SAGD producers:WHOC16-253[R]. Calgary:The Proceedings of 8th World Heavy Oil Congress,2016
10 Butler R M,Stephens D J. The gravity drainage of steam-heated heavy oil to parallel horizontal wells[J]. The Journal of Canadian Petroleum,1981,2(7):90-96
11 Griffin P J,Trofimenkoff P N. Laboratory studies of the steam-assisted gravity drainage process[J]. AOSTRA Journal of Research,1986,2(4):197-203
12 Joshi S D. A laboratory study of thermal oil recovery using horizontal wells[C]//The Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery. Tulsa:SPE,1986:457-467
13 Sasaki K, Akibayashi S. Experimental modeling of the SAGD process—Enhancing SAGD performance with periodic stimulation of the horizontal producer[C]//The Proceedings of Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Texas:SPE,1999:409-419
14 马德胜,郭嘉,昝成,等.蒸汽辅助重力泄油改善汽腔发育均匀性物理模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):188-193Ma Desheng,Guo Jia,Zan Cheng,et al. Physical simulation of improving the uniformity of steam chamber growth in the steam assisted gravity drainage[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):188-193
15 钱根宝,马德胜,任香,等.双水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油生产井控制机理与应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(2):147-149Qian Genbao,Ma Desheng,Ren Xiang,et al. Production well control mechanism of pair of horizontal wells by SAGD process with application[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(2):147-149
16 Yuan J Y,Nugent D. Sub-cool,fluid productivity,and liquid level above a SAGD producer[C]//The Proceedings of Heavy Oil Conference. Calgary:SPE,2012:157899
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