加拿大油砂开发技术对中国油砂开发技术的启示
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摘要
随着常规油气的勘探难度逐渐增大,各国政府与大型油气公司开始关注非常规油气资源的开发和利用。加拿大是开发和利用油砂最多的国家,加拿大的油砂开发技术主要包括露天开采技术、出砂冷采技术、蒸汽驱及蒸汽吞吐技术、蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术、水平井注气体溶剂萃取技术、井下原地催化改质技术和水热裂解技术。尽管中国的油砂开发会受当前低迷油价的阻挠,但长期条件下,油砂油资源必将占据越来越重要的作用。中国的浅层油砂,可采用露天开采技术,但需要利用干馏法进行开采处理。中国深层油砂,可实施水平井注气体溶剂萃取技术,但需要在充分的室内模拟和野外实验基础上,选择所需注入的烃类气体、控制注入规模。中国油砂开发必须开展工程攻关,走环保发展的道路。
With the increasing difficulty of conventional oil and gas exploration,governments and large oil companies begin to pay attention to the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources. Canada is the best one in developing oil sands,and the technologies include open-pit mining technology,cold production technology,steam flooding and steam stimulation technology,steam assisted gravity drainage technology,horizontal wells injection with gas solvent extraction technology,and so on. Although China' s oil sands development will be blocked by the current downturn in oil prices,oil sands resources will play an increasingly important role in the long run. The shallow oil sands in China can be mined by open pit mining,but it needs to be treated by dry distillation. Deep oil sands in China can be injected into horizontal wells by gas injection solvent extraction technology,but it is necessary to select the injected hydrocarbon gas and control the injection scale on the basis of sufficient indoor simulation and field experiments. The development of oil sands in China must be carried out by tackling key problems and taking the road of environmental protection development.
With the increasing difficulty of conventional oil and gas exploration,governments and large oil companies begin to pay attention to the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources. Canada is the best one in developing oil sands,and the technologies include open-pit mining technology,cold production technology,steam flooding and steam stimulation technology,steam assisted gravity drainage technology,horizontal wells injection with gas solvent extraction technology,and so on. Although China' s oil sands development will be blocked by the current downturn in oil prices,oil sands resources will play an increasingly important role in the long run. The shallow oil sands in China can be mined by open pit mining,but it needs to be treated by dry distillation. Deep oil sands in China can be injected into horizontal wells by gas injection solvent extraction technology,but it is necessary to select the injected hydrocarbon gas and control the injection scale on the basis of sufficient indoor simulation and field experiments. The development of oil sands in China must be carried out by tackling key problems and taking the road of environmental protection development.
引文
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[19]Kruyt B,Vuuren D P,De Vries H J M,et al.Indicators for energy security[J].Energy Policy,2009,37(6):2166-2181.
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[2]李莉.油砂:一种新的替代能源田[J].当代石油石化,2005,13(12):28-30.
[3]单玄龙,车长波,李剑,等.国内外油砂资源研究现状[J].世界地质,2008,26(4):459-464.
[4]张绍飞.加拿大石油工业的新天地一油砂[J].石油化工技术经济,2005,3(21):8-13.
[5]Larter S R,Head I M.Oil sands and heavy oil:origin and exploitation[J].Elements,2014,10(4):277.
[6]张幼蒂.现代露天开采技术国际发展与我国露天采煤前景[J].露天采矿技术,2005(3):1-3.
[7]Wang M,Li W,Centre C A P.Canadian oil sand resource exploitation boosts export pipeline construction[J].International Petroleum Economics,2006-03.
[8]Werniuk J.New ways to exploit oil sands[J].Canadian Mining Journal,2007,128(3):23-27.
[9]曾玉强,任勇,张锦良,等.稠油出砂冷采技术研究综述[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3):366-369.
[10]Werniuk J.New ways to exploit oil sands[J].Canadian Mining Journal,2007,128(3):23-27.
[11]Giesy J P,Anderson J C,Wiseman S B.Alberta oil sands development.[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,107(3):951.
[12]Halog A,Chan A.Developing a dynamic systems model for the sustainable development of the Canadian oil sands industry[J].International Journal of Environmental Technology&Management,2008,8(1):3-22.
[13]国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心.新一轮全国油气资源评价[R].国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心,2008.
[14]Al-Otoom A,Allawzi M,Al-Omari N,et al.Bitumen recovery from Jordanian oil sand by froth flotation using petroleum cycles oil cuts[J].Energy,2010,35(10):4217-4225.
[15]Saha G C,Khan T I,Glenesk L B.Development of wear resistant nanostructured duplex coatings by high velocity oxy-fuel process for use in oil sands industry[J].Journal of Nanoscience&Nanotechnology,2009,9(7):4316.
[16]Dai Q,Keng H C.Hot water extraction process mechanism using model oil sands[J].Fuel,1995,75(2):220-226.
[17]薛成,冯乔,田华.中国油砂资源分布及勘探开发前景[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(4):348-350
[18]张德云.全国油砂和油页岩资源评价项日研究工作进展[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(1):32-38.
[19]Kruyt B,Vuuren D P,De Vries H J M,et al.Indicators for energy security[J].Energy Policy,2009,37(6):2166-2181.
[20]Costantini V,Gracceva F,Markandya A,et al.Security of energy supply:comparing scenarios from a European perspective[J].Energy Policy,2007,35(1):210-226.
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