原油罐沸溢火灾发展阶段及沸溢发生时间试验研究
|
摘要
为观察原油储罐沸溢火灾燃烧过程,探究影响沸溢发生时间的因素及规律,利用小尺寸模拟储罐开展原油罐火灾模拟试验研究。根据火焰图像与质量燃烧速率变化,原油罐火灾可以划分为扩展、稳定燃烧、沸溢燃烧、火焰熄灭4个阶段。在考虑油罐尺寸与初始油层厚度的基础上,建立原油罐火灾沸溢发生时间预测模型。结果表明,沸溢发生时间与初始油层厚度和油罐直径的比值呈正比关系。
For the sake of observing the development of crude oil tank fire,exploring factors affecting the boilover onset time,and supporting the fire rescue operation,a small scale stimulation experiment study of oil tank fire was made. According to changes in the flame image and mass burning rate,the crude oil tank fire can be divided into four stages: the fire development stage,the steady combustion stage,the boilover fire stage,and the flame extinguished stage. A model was built for predicting the onset time of boiling by considering the size of the oil tank and the initial thickness of oil layer. The experimental results show that the boilover onset time is proportional to the ratio of the initial oil layer thickness to the diameter of the oil tank.
For the sake of observing the development of crude oil tank fire,exploring factors affecting the boilover onset time,and supporting the fire rescue operation,a small scale stimulation experiment study of oil tank fire was made. According to changes in the flame image and mass burning rate,the crude oil tank fire can be divided into four stages: the fire development stage,the steady combustion stage,the boilover fire stage,and the flame extinguished stage. A model was built for predicting the onset time of boiling by considering the size of the oil tank and the initial thickness of oil layer. The experimental results show that the boilover onset time is proportional to the ratio of the initial oil layer thickness to the diameter of the oil tank.
引文
[1]BROECKMANN B,SCHEKER H.Heat transfer mechanisms and boilover in burning oil-water systems[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1995,8(3):137-147.
[2]FERRERO F,MUOZ M,KOZANOGLU B,et al.Experimental study of thin-layer boilover in large-scale pool fires[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,137(3):1 293-1 302.
[3]谭家磊,汪彤,宗若雯,等.油品扬沸火灾形成机理实验研究[C].国际安全科学与技术学术研讨会,2008:559-562.TAN Jialei,WANG Tong,ZONG Ruowen,et al.Experimental study on the formation mechanism of boilover fires[C].Proceedings of International Colloquium on Safety Science and Technology,2008:559-562.
[4]谭家磊,宗若雯,廖光煊,等.油品扬沸火灾特征参量实验研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2009,39(7):748-754.TAN Jialei,ZONG Ruowen,LIAO Guangxuan,et al.Characteristic parameter analysis of boilover fires[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2009,39(7):748-754.
[5]谭家磊,汪彤,宗若雯,等.油罐扬沸火灾防治模拟实验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(1):52-57.TAN Jialei,WANG Tong,ZONG Ruowen,et al.Experimental study on the control of boilover fire of oil tank[J].China Safety Science Journal,2009,19(1):52-57.
[6]LABOUREUR D,APRIN L,OSMONT A,et al.Small scale thin-layer boilover experiments:physical understanding and modeling of the water sub-layer boiling and the flame enlargement[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2013,26(6):1 380-1 389.
[7]FERRERO F,MUOZ M,ARNALDOS J.Effects of thin-layer boilover on flame geometry and dynamics in large hydrocarbon pool fires[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2007,88(3):227-235.
[8]黄郑华,李建华,李元福.燃烧油品的沸溢喷溅特性分析研究[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2005(3):46-50.HUANG Zhenghua,LI Jianhua,LI Yuanfu.The analysis and study of boilover characteristics of burning oil[J].China Public Security:Academy Edition,2005(3):46-50.
[9]蔡丽辉,蒋军成.油罐火灾沸溢发生时间预测模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(2):131-135.CAI Lihui,JIANG Juncheng.Time predicting model for the onset of boilover in tank fire[J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(2):131-135.
[10]FERRERO F,MUOZ M,ARNALDOS J.Thin-layer boilover in diesel-oil fires:determining the increase of thermal hazards and safety distances[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,140(1/2):361-368.
[11]廖光煊,姚斌,范维澄,等.油罐扬沸火灾预测方法的研究及安全预警系统的建立[J].中国安全科学学报,1997,7(增1):8-12.LIAO Guangxuan,YAO Bin,FAN Weicheng,et al.Study on the prediction method of boilover fire of oil tank and the establishment of safety early-warning system[J].China Safety Science Journal,1997,7(S1):8-12.
[12]梁志桐.小尺寸油品沸溢火灾的模拟实验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.LING Zhitong.Simulation experimental study of the small scale oil boilover[D].Daliang:Dalian University of Technology,2012.
[13]CHATRIS J M,QUINTELA J,FOLCH J,et al.Experimental study of burning rate in hydrocarbon pool fires[J].Combustion and Flame,2001,126(1):1 373-1 383.
[14]HU Longhua,WU Long,LIU Shuai.Flame length elongation behavior of medium hydrocarbon pool fires in cross air flow[J].Fuel,2013,111:613-620.
[2]FERRERO F,MUOZ M,KOZANOGLU B,et al.Experimental study of thin-layer boilover in large-scale pool fires[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,137(3):1 293-1 302.
[3]谭家磊,汪彤,宗若雯,等.油品扬沸火灾形成机理实验研究[C].国际安全科学与技术学术研讨会,2008:559-562.TAN Jialei,WANG Tong,ZONG Ruowen,et al.Experimental study on the formation mechanism of boilover fires[C].Proceedings of International Colloquium on Safety Science and Technology,2008:559-562.
[4]谭家磊,宗若雯,廖光煊,等.油品扬沸火灾特征参量实验研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2009,39(7):748-754.TAN Jialei,ZONG Ruowen,LIAO Guangxuan,et al.Characteristic parameter analysis of boilover fires[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology of China,2009,39(7):748-754.
[5]谭家磊,汪彤,宗若雯,等.油罐扬沸火灾防治模拟实验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(1):52-57.TAN Jialei,WANG Tong,ZONG Ruowen,et al.Experimental study on the control of boilover fire of oil tank[J].China Safety Science Journal,2009,19(1):52-57.
[6]LABOUREUR D,APRIN L,OSMONT A,et al.Small scale thin-layer boilover experiments:physical understanding and modeling of the water sub-layer boiling and the flame enlargement[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2013,26(6):1 380-1 389.
[7]FERRERO F,MUOZ M,ARNALDOS J.Effects of thin-layer boilover on flame geometry and dynamics in large hydrocarbon pool fires[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2007,88(3):227-235.
[8]黄郑华,李建华,李元福.燃烧油品的沸溢喷溅特性分析研究[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2005(3):46-50.HUANG Zhenghua,LI Jianhua,LI Yuanfu.The analysis and study of boilover characteristics of burning oil[J].China Public Security:Academy Edition,2005(3):46-50.
[9]蔡丽辉,蒋军成.油罐火灾沸溢发生时间预测模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(2):131-135.CAI Lihui,JIANG Juncheng.Time predicting model for the onset of boilover in tank fire[J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(2):131-135.
[10]FERRERO F,MUOZ M,ARNALDOS J.Thin-layer boilover in diesel-oil fires:determining the increase of thermal hazards and safety distances[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,140(1/2):361-368.
[11]廖光煊,姚斌,范维澄,等.油罐扬沸火灾预测方法的研究及安全预警系统的建立[J].中国安全科学学报,1997,7(增1):8-12.LIAO Guangxuan,YAO Bin,FAN Weicheng,et al.Study on the prediction method of boilover fire of oil tank and the establishment of safety early-warning system[J].China Safety Science Journal,1997,7(S1):8-12.
[12]梁志桐.小尺寸油品沸溢火灾的模拟实验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.LING Zhitong.Simulation experimental study of the small scale oil boilover[D].Daliang:Dalian University of Technology,2012.
[13]CHATRIS J M,QUINTELA J,FOLCH J,et al.Experimental study of burning rate in hydrocarbon pool fires[J].Combustion and Flame,2001,126(1):1 373-1 383.
[14]HU Longhua,WU Long,LIU Shuai.Flame length elongation behavior of medium hydrocarbon pool fires in cross air flow[J].Fuel,2013,111:613-620.