不同年龄段及体重指数老年人身体平衡能力比较
摘要
目的了解中国60岁以上老年人的身体平衡情况。方法采用两组单因素方差分析,分别考虑年龄因素和体型因素对身体姿势控制和感官相互作用试验的影响,感官相互作用试验包括本体感觉为主试验、视觉为主试验和前庭感觉为主的平衡测试。结果姿势稳定度测试,前后控制(A/P>M/L)与左右控制(A/P0.05,η2=0.05),不同身体形态组的平均SI系数无显著性差异(F=0.30,P>0.05,η2=0.01);以本体感觉为主的平衡测试,不同的年龄组平均摇晃指数(SwI)无显著性差异(F=0.08,P>0.05,η2=0.00),不同体型组的平均SwI无显著性差异(F=0.08,P>0.05,η2=0.08);以视觉为主的平衡测试,不同年龄组的平均SwI有极显著性差异(F=13.11,P<0.01,η2=0.30),不同体型组的平均SwI存在显著性差异(F=3.36,P<0.05,η2=0.08);以前庭功能为主的平衡测试,不同年龄的平均SwI无显著性差异(F=3.91,P<0.05,η2=0.11),不同体型组的平均SwI无显著性差异(F=0.21,P>0.05,η2=0.01)。结论在感觉系统的综合作用中,无论是年龄因素还是体型因素影响下,视觉都对老年人平衡能力影响是最重要的,其次是前庭感觉,前庭感觉对平衡的影响主要是受年龄因素的影响,而本体感觉对受试老年人的平衡能力的影响不显著。由于视觉受多种因素影响,并且视觉的可训练因素也较低,因此在针对性的研制老年人的各种平衡训练中,应加强老年人前庭功能的训练。
引文
1 李林,纪仲秋,龚睿.老年人三维本体感觉测试系统研制与应用[J].中国老年学杂志,2014;34(21):5980-3.
2 渡部和彦,王芸.老年人的身体平衡能力与“外部干扰适应理论”[J].体育科学,2014;34(2):54-9.
3 Begg RK,Spqrrow WA.Gait characteristics of young and older individuals negotiating a raised surface:implications for the prevention of falls[J].J Gerontol,2000;55A(3):147-54.
4 Li W,Keegan TH,Sternfeld B,et al.Outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults:a neglected public health problem[J].Am J Public Health,2006;96(3):1192-200.
5 Hof AL,Gazendam MG,Sinke WE.The condition for dynamic stability[J].J Biomech,2005;38(1):1-8.
6 李旭龙,纪仲秋.从坐到站过程中向后滑倒时人体平衡调节策略的生物力学研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013;39(6):82-6.
7 Hiroshige,K,Mahbub,MH,Harada N.Effects of whole-body vibration on postural balance and proprioception in healthy young and elderly subjects:a randomized crossover study[J].J Sports Med Phys Fitness,2014;54(2):216-24.
8 Tsang WW,Lam NK,Lau KN,et al.The effects of aging on postural control and selective attention when stepping down while performing a concurrent auditory response task[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2013;113(12):3021-6.
9 Lord SR.The effects of a community exercise program on fracture risk factors in older women[J].Osteoporos Int,1996;6(5):361-7.
10 李旭龙,纪仲秋.太极拳和健美操锻炼对大学生静态平衡能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2013;32(7):591-5,600.
11 Nithinun C,Vitoon S,Butsara C,et al.Interaction of age and foam types used in clinical test for sensory interaction and balance(CTSIB)[J].Gait Posture,2015;41(1):313-5.
12 Patel M,Fransson PA,Lush D,et al.The effect of foam surface properties on postural stability assessment while standing[J].Gait Posture,2008;28(4):649-56.
13 Shiva S,Mahyar S,Ismail ET,et al.Intrasession and intersession reliability of postural control in participants with and without nonspecific low back pain using the biodex balance system[J].J Manipulative Physiol Ther,2013;36(2):111-8.
14 Pag A,Jennifer J,Jacqueline W,et al.Testing postural stability:are the star excursion balance test and biodex balance system limits of stability tests consistent[J].Gait Postural,2016;46(1):225-7.
15 黄旭晖.BIODEX动态平衡测试系统应用开发研究[D].北京:国家体育总局体育科学研究所,2010.
16 徐飞,谢浩,徐玉明.跳绳训练对少年足球运动员动态平衡能力和协调性的影响[J].中国体育科技,2017;53(3):71-7.
17 尹彦,罗冬梅,刘卉,等.功能性踝关节不稳者姿势稳定性的研究进展[J].体育科学,2016;36(4):61-7.
18 Tsang WW,Lam NK,Lau KN,et al.The effects of aging on postural control and selective attention when stepping down while performing a concurrent auditory response task[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2013;113(12):3021-6.
19 Hue O,Simoneau M,Marcotte J,et al.Body weight is a strong predictor of postural stability[J].Gait Posture,2007;26(1):32-8.
20 Winter DA,Patla AB,Prince F,et al.Stiffness control of balance in quiet standing[J].J Neurophysiol,1998;80(3):1211-21.
21 Peterka RJ.Sensorimotor integration in human postural control[J].J Neurophysiol,2002;88(3):1097-118.
22 Maurer C,Peterka RJ.A new interpretation of spontaneous sway measures based on a simple model of human postural control[J].J Neurophysiol,2005;93(1):189-200.
23 Maki BE,Holliday PJ,Topper AK.A prospective study of postural balance and risk of falling in an ambulatory and independent elderly population[J].J Gerontol,1994;49(2):72-84.
24 Mitchell SL,Collins JJ,De Luca CJ,et al.Open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms in Parkinson's disease:increased mediolateral activity during quiet standing[J].Neurosci Lett,1995;197(2):133-6.
25 Raymakers JA,Samson M,Verhaar HJ.The assessment of body sway and the choice of the stability parameter(s)[J].Gait Posture,2005;21(1):48-58.
26 Robert J,Patrick J.Dynamic regulation of sensorimotor integration in human postural control[J].J Neurophysiol,2004;91(1):410-23.
27 Maurer C,Mergner T,Bolha B,et al.Vestibular,visual,and somatosensory contributions to human control of upright stance[J].Neurosci Lett,2000;281(2-3):99-102.
2 渡部和彦,王芸.老年人的身体平衡能力与“外部干扰适应理论”[J].体育科学,2014;34(2):54-9.
3 Begg RK,Spqrrow WA.Gait characteristics of young and older individuals negotiating a raised surface:implications for the prevention of falls[J].J Gerontol,2000;55A(3):147-54.
4 Li W,Keegan TH,Sternfeld B,et al.Outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults:a neglected public health problem[J].Am J Public Health,2006;96(3):1192-200.
5 Hof AL,Gazendam MG,Sinke WE.The condition for dynamic stability[J].J Biomech,2005;38(1):1-8.
6 李旭龙,纪仲秋.从坐到站过程中向后滑倒时人体平衡调节策略的生物力学研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2013;39(6):82-6.
7 Hiroshige,K,Mahbub,MH,Harada N.Effects of whole-body vibration on postural balance and proprioception in healthy young and elderly subjects:a randomized crossover study[J].J Sports Med Phys Fitness,2014;54(2):216-24.
8 Tsang WW,Lam NK,Lau KN,et al.The effects of aging on postural control and selective attention when stepping down while performing a concurrent auditory response task[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2013;113(12):3021-6.
9 Lord SR.The effects of a community exercise program on fracture risk factors in older women[J].Osteoporos Int,1996;6(5):361-7.
10 李旭龙,纪仲秋.太极拳和健美操锻炼对大学生静态平衡能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2013;32(7):591-5,600.
11 Nithinun C,Vitoon S,Butsara C,et al.Interaction of age and foam types used in clinical test for sensory interaction and balance(CTSIB)[J].Gait Posture,2015;41(1):313-5.
12 Patel M,Fransson PA,Lush D,et al.The effect of foam surface properties on postural stability assessment while standing[J].Gait Posture,2008;28(4):649-56.
13 Shiva S,Mahyar S,Ismail ET,et al.Intrasession and intersession reliability of postural control in participants with and without nonspecific low back pain using the biodex balance system[J].J Manipulative Physiol Ther,2013;36(2):111-8.
14 Pag A,Jennifer J,Jacqueline W,et al.Testing postural stability:are the star excursion balance test and biodex balance system limits of stability tests consistent[J].Gait Postural,2016;46(1):225-7.
15 黄旭晖.BIODEX动态平衡测试系统应用开发研究[D].北京:国家体育总局体育科学研究所,2010.
16 徐飞,谢浩,徐玉明.跳绳训练对少年足球运动员动态平衡能力和协调性的影响[J].中国体育科技,2017;53(3):71-7.
17 尹彦,罗冬梅,刘卉,等.功能性踝关节不稳者姿势稳定性的研究进展[J].体育科学,2016;36(4):61-7.
18 Tsang WW,Lam NK,Lau KN,et al.The effects of aging on postural control and selective attention when stepping down while performing a concurrent auditory response task[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2013;113(12):3021-6.
19 Hue O,Simoneau M,Marcotte J,et al.Body weight is a strong predictor of postural stability[J].Gait Posture,2007;26(1):32-8.
20 Winter DA,Patla AB,Prince F,et al.Stiffness control of balance in quiet standing[J].J Neurophysiol,1998;80(3):1211-21.
21 Peterka RJ.Sensorimotor integration in human postural control[J].J Neurophysiol,2002;88(3):1097-118.
22 Maurer C,Peterka RJ.A new interpretation of spontaneous sway measures based on a simple model of human postural control[J].J Neurophysiol,2005;93(1):189-200.
23 Maki BE,Holliday PJ,Topper AK.A prospective study of postural balance and risk of falling in an ambulatory and independent elderly population[J].J Gerontol,1994;49(2):72-84.
24 Mitchell SL,Collins JJ,De Luca CJ,et al.Open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms in Parkinson's disease:increased mediolateral activity during quiet standing[J].Neurosci Lett,1995;197(2):133-6.
25 Raymakers JA,Samson M,Verhaar HJ.The assessment of body sway and the choice of the stability parameter(s)[J].Gait Posture,2005;21(1):48-58.
26 Robert J,Patrick J.Dynamic regulation of sensorimotor integration in human postural control[J].J Neurophysiol,2004;91(1):410-23.
27 Maurer C,Mergner T,Bolha B,et al.Vestibular,visual,and somatosensory contributions to human control of upright stance[J].Neurosci Lett,2000;281(2-3):99-102.