茶树油粕中茶皂素的提取及其对果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用
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摘要
以从茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的得率为评价指标,研究提取溶剂、方法、时间、温度和料液比等因素对茶皂素得率的影响,并通过正交试验确定茶皂素最佳提取工艺条件,同时考察了所得茶皂素对几种果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:以75%乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比1∶14(g/mL),85℃热回流提取2.5 h,茶皂素的得率达13.3%,经AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化后,纯度达95.64%。所获茶皂素对胶胞炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)和链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)菌丝的生长均有显著的抑制作用,半最大效应浓度(EC_(50))值分别为203.62、165.87和550.61 mg·L~(-1),其中以对B. cinerea的抑制作用最强。
With saponin yield from Camellia semiserrata Chi Oil residua as the assessment index, the influence of extraction solvent, methods, dipping time, temperature and solid-liquid ratio on tea saponin yield was investigated,and the optimal extraction conditions was determined with single factor and orthogonal tests. The antifungal activity of extracted saponin on several postharvest pathogens of fruits and vegetables was explored. The results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting saponin were: solvent 75% ethanol, solid-liquid ratio 1∶14(g/mL), hot reflux extraction time 2.5 h, temperature 85 ℃, the yield was 13.3%. After purification with AB-8 macroporous resin,saponin purity could reach to 95.64%. The saponin obtained could significantly inhibit the mycelium growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternate in vitro, with EC_(50) value of 203.62, 165.87 and550.61 mg·L~(-1) respectively. The strongest inhibition was found on B. cinerea.
With saponin yield from Camellia semiserrata Chi Oil residua as the assessment index, the influence of extraction solvent, methods, dipping time, temperature and solid-liquid ratio on tea saponin yield was investigated,and the optimal extraction conditions was determined with single factor and orthogonal tests. The antifungal activity of extracted saponin on several postharvest pathogens of fruits and vegetables was explored. The results showed that the optimal conditions for extracting saponin were: solvent 75% ethanol, solid-liquid ratio 1∶14(g/mL), hot reflux extraction time 2.5 h, temperature 85 ℃, the yield was 13.3%. After purification with AB-8 macroporous resin,saponin purity could reach to 95.64%. The saponin obtained could significantly inhibit the mycelium growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternate in vitro, with EC_(50) value of 203.62, 165.87 and550.61 mg·L~(-1) respectively. The strongest inhibition was found on B. cinerea.
引文
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[20]张海龙,张维农,蒋继丰,等.茶皂素纯化方法的比较及其组分的鉴定[J].中国油脂,2015,40(11):94-98. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7969.2015.11.019.
[21]顾姣,杨瑞金,谢斌,等.大孔树脂纯化茶皂素及其产品性质研究[J].食品与机械,2017,33(6):153-158. DOI:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2017.06.031.
[2]李俊,孟祥春,张爱玉,等.茶树油粕水粗提物控制香蕉采后炭疽病害的研究[J].保鲜与加工,2014,14(4):20-26. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2014.04.005.
[3] MURAKAMI T, NAKAMURA J, MASUDA H, et al. Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XV. Saponin constituents with gastroprotective effect from the seeds of tea plant, Camellia sinensis L. var. assamica Pierre, cultivated in Sri Lanka:structures of assamsaponins A, B, C, D, and E[J]. Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1999, 47(12):1759-1764. DOI:10.1248/cpb.47.1759.
[4] LI T T, ZHANG H, WU C E. Screening of antioxidant and antitumor activities of major ingredients from defatted Camellia oleifera seeds[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology,2014, 23(3):873-880. DOI:10.1007/s10068-014-0117-1.
[5] CHEN Y F, YANG C H, CHANG M S, et al. Foam properties and detergent abilities of the saponins from Camellia oleifera[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2010, 11(11):4417-4425. DOI:10.3390/ijms11114417.
[6] WANG Y M, REN N, RANKIN G O, et al. Anti-proliferative effect and cell cycle arrest induced by saponins extracted from tea(Camellia sinensis)flower in human ovarian cancer cells[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2017, 37:310-321.DOI:10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.001.
[7] KUO P C, LIN T C, YANG C W, et al. Bioactive saponin from tea seed pomace with inhibitory effects against Rhizoctonia solani[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010, 58(15):8618-8622. DOI:10.1021/jf1017115.
[8]晏秀梅,魏静,许靖逸,等.茶多酚与茶皂素及其复配液的抑菌作用研究[J].食品工业科技,2014, 35(22):159-161,171.DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2014.22.026.
[9] HAO W N, LI H, HU M Y, et al. Integrated control of citrus green and blue mold and sour rot by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in combination with tea saponion[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2011, 59(3):316-323. DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.10.002.
[10] MALIK A A, AHMED D N, BABITA,et al. Plant extracts in post-harvest disease management of fruits and vegetables—A review[J]. Journal of Food Processing&Technology, 2016, 7(6):592-598. DOI:10.4172/2157-7110.1000592.
[11]李萍,石春韬,舒婷,等.三种不同方法提取肉桂油的抗菌活性比较[J].保鲜与加工,2018,18(2):31-38. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2018.02.006.
[12]孟祥春,毕方铖,丁心,等.茶树油粕粗提物对柑橘青绿霉病发生的抑制作用[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(2):236-241. DOI:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2015.02.012.
[13]干丽,何桂霞,李嘉滢,等.茶枯饼中茶皂素苷元提取工艺的研究[J].中南药学,2014,12(12):1199-1201. DOI:10.7539/j.issn.1672-2981.2014.12.009.
[14]高凯翔,李秋庭,陆顺忠,等.茶皂素的提取工艺研究[J].粮油食品科技,2010,18(5):22-25.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7561. 2010.05.008.
[15]杜志欣,张崇坚,万端极.超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶皂素工艺优化[J].化学与生物工程,2015,32(3):56-59.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5425.2015.03.014.
[16]陈小红,吴德武,陈松茂,等.茶皂素提取纯化及其与山梨酸钾复配的抑菌防腐效果[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(6):186-190. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5425.2015.03.014.
[17]雄亚,李敏杰.三角梅花乙醇提取液的抑菌性及其对草莓保鲜效果的研究[J].保鲜与加工,2017,17(3):21-25. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2017.03.005.
[18]侯如燕,王巧珍,宛晓春.油茶皂苷的几种粗提工艺比较[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(2):107-109. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2006.03.028.
[19]王武,方红美,刘京生,等.茶叶籽饼粕中茶皂素提取工艺研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(9):230-233. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2008.09.049.
[20]张海龙,张维农,蒋继丰,等.茶皂素纯化方法的比较及其组分的鉴定[J].中国油脂,2015,40(11):94-98. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7969.2015.11.019.
[21]顾姣,杨瑞金,谢斌,等.大孔树脂纯化茶皂素及其产品性质研究[J].食品与机械,2017,33(6):153-158. DOI:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2017.06.031.