汽油替代物组分对缸内直喷和进气道喷射汽车性能影响的试验研究
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摘要
采用3种研究法辛烷值相同的汽油替代物在一辆缸内直喷(gasoline direction injection,GDI)和进气道喷射(port fuel injection,PFI)汽车上研究了不同汽油替代物组分对整车性能的影响。试验结果表明:相比异辛烷,添加甲苯会导致CO_2排放升高,而添加二异丁烯会降低CO_2排放,甲苯和二异丁烯均使体积油耗降低。添加二异丁烯和甲苯使GDI汽车的CO排放升高并使THC排放降低,使PFI汽车新欧洲驾驶循环(new European drive cycle,NEDC)前100s的瞬态CO和THC排放升高。二异丁烯会使NOx排放降低而甲苯会导致NOx排放升高。在颗粒排放方面,添加甲苯使GDI汽车排放的颗粒物质量(particle mass,PM)和数量(particle number,PN)增加,添加二异丁烯会降低GDI汽车PM和PN排放;添加甲苯和二异丁烯会降低PFI汽车的PM排放,但会导致其PN增加。在加速性能方面,二异丁烯和甲苯的加入会缩短GDI汽车的加速时间,而甲苯会使PFI汽车的加速时间增加。
The effect of different gasoline surrogate components on vehicle performance was investigated in an in-cylinder direct injection vehicle and a port injection vehicle respectively.Three gasoline surrogates with same octane number,including n-heptane/iso-octane,n-heptane/iso-octane/toluene and n-heptane/iso-octane/diisobutylene blends,were used during the test.Test results show that the addition of toluene leads to an increase in CO_2 emissions,while the use of diisobutylene shows an opposite trend.However,both of them reduce fuel consumption.At the same time,the addition of either of them increases CO emissions from the in-cylinder direct injection vehicle coupled to the reduction of THC emissions,and it increases the transient CO and THC emissions from the port injection vehicle during the first 100 sof the New European Driving Cycle.In addition,the use of diisobutylene causes NOxemissions to decrease,while toluene increases NOxemissions.In terms of particulate matter emissions,the addition of toluene increases particulate mass and particle number emissions from the in-cylinder direct injection vehicle,and the use of diisobutylene produces exactly an opposite result.Although adding toluene or diisobutylene reduces particulate mass emissions from the port injection vehicle,it leads to an increase in particle number emissions.As for acceleration performance,adding toluene or diisobutylene shortens the acceleration time of the in-cylinder direct injection vehicle,but using toluene will increase the acceleration time of the port injection vehicle.
The effect of different gasoline surrogate components on vehicle performance was investigated in an in-cylinder direct injection vehicle and a port injection vehicle respectively.Three gasoline surrogates with same octane number,including n-heptane/iso-octane,n-heptane/iso-octane/toluene and n-heptane/iso-octane/diisobutylene blends,were used during the test.Test results show that the addition of toluene leads to an increase in CO_2 emissions,while the use of diisobutylene shows an opposite trend.However,both of them reduce fuel consumption.At the same time,the addition of either of them increases CO emissions from the in-cylinder direct injection vehicle coupled to the reduction of THC emissions,and it increases the transient CO and THC emissions from the port injection vehicle during the first 100 sof the New European Driving Cycle.In addition,the use of diisobutylene causes NOxemissions to decrease,while toluene increases NOxemissions.In terms of particulate matter emissions,the addition of toluene increases particulate mass and particle number emissions from the in-cylinder direct injection vehicle,and the use of diisobutylene produces exactly an opposite result.Although adding toluene or diisobutylene reduces particulate mass emissions from the port injection vehicle,it leads to an increase in particle number emissions.As for acceleration performance,adding toluene or diisobutylene shortens the acceleration time of the in-cylinder direct injection vehicle,but using toluene will increase the acceleration time of the port injection vehicle.
引文
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[2]沈义涛.汽油品质对发动机性能影响的试验研究与数值模拟[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[3]张擘,纪常伟,汪硕峰,等.添加剂对汽油机油耗及排放影响的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2010,31(4):49-53.ZHANG B,JI C W,WANG S F,et al.Experimental study on the effect of fuel additives on gasoline engine fuel consumption and emissions[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2010,31(4):49-53.
[4]NELIGAN R E,MADER P P,CHAMBERS L A.Exhaust composition in relation to fuel composition[J].Air Repair,1961,11(4):178-186.
[5]QUADER A.How injector,engine,and fuel variables impact smoke and hydrocarbon emissions with port fuel injection[C/OL].SAE Paper,1989,890623.(1989-02-01)[2018-04-23].https://doi.org/10.4271/890623.
[6]ZHU R,HU J,BAO X,et al.Effects of aromatics,olefins and distillation temperatures(T50&T90)on particle mass and number emissions from gasoline direct injection(GDI)vehicles[J].Energy Policy,2017,101:185-193.
[7]WANG Y H,ZHENG R,QIN Y H.The impact of fuel compositions on the particulate emissions of direct injection gasoline engine[J].Fuel,2015,166:543-552.
[8]GORSE R A,HOCHHAUSER A M,NAGY D,et al.Auto/oil air quality improvement research program final report[R].Auto/Oil Cordinating Research Council InC.,1997.
[9]SHIBATA Y,OMATA T,HAYASHI A,et al.Results of JCAP I studies and outline of JCAP II program[C/OL].SAEPaper,2003,2003-01-1902.(2003-05-19)[2018-04-23].https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1902.
[10]SAITOH K,HAMASAKI M.Effects of sulfur,aromatics,T50,T90 and MTBE on mass exhaust emissions from vehicles with advanced technology-JCAP gasoline WG STEPII report[C/OL].SAE Paper,2003,2003-01-1905.(2003-05-19)[2018-04-23].https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1905.
[11]刘家琏.世界油品标准发展趋势及中国相关问题思考[J].国际石油经济,2008,16(5):16-20.LIU J L.On developing trends in world oil product standards and related issues in China[J].International Petroleum Economics,2008,16(5):16-20.
[12]郑东.汽油替代燃料燃烧机理研究与火焰传播速度测量[D].北京:清华大学,2016.
[13]王怡峰.汽油燃料替代混合物低温燃烧机理数值模拟与试验研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.
[14]覃炎忻.汽油替代混合物组分比例确定及化学动力学模型研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[15]PERA C,KNOP V.Methodology to define gasoline surrogates dedicated to auto-ignition in engines[J].Fuel,2012,96:59-69.