明代苏州地区书画消费群体研究
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摘要
有明一代,苏州地区商品经济发达,人才辈出,尤其在书画领域创造了举世瞩目的成就。由此也促成了浓郁的书画收藏之风。民间的私家收藏,无论从数量、品种还是从质量上说,苏州地区都堪称海内之冠,而且形成了收藏家群体,共同赏鉴,互通有无。明代苏州书画市场的日益发展和成熟,突出地表现在书画消费市场层次的多样性。其消费的群体大致分为两大类:"鉴赏家"、"好事者"和其他身份的消费者;从其消费的目的来看,主要分为收藏鉴赏、附庸风雅、装饰房屋、艺术投资以及斗富等。明代苏州消费群体的形成与苏州繁荣的商品经济密切相关,在形成过程中及其收藏活动中所体现出来的消费心态、审美要求以及处事观念无不打上商业社会特有的烙印。这种消费群体的多样性正是明代苏州地区书画市场日益活跃的表现。
In the Ming Dynasty,the commodity economy developed and produced more talents at Suzhou,especially in the field of Chinese painting,which had achieved great success,romoting the prevalence of the collection of painting and calligraphy.The quantity,variety and quality of private collection were the first in the country.The collector groups were formed,then they appreciated and exchanged their collections from each other.In the Ming Dynasty,the deal of the painting and calligraphy developed rapidly and became increasingly mature,especially in the consumption diversity of painting and calligraphy market.The consumer groups divided into two categories: "connoisseurs", "amateurs" and others.From the consumption purposes,they were divided into the collection of appreciation,arty,housing decoration,art investment and flaunt wealth and so on.The formation of the calligraphy and painting consumers of Suzhou in Ming Dynasty was related to the development of commodity economy.During the process of formation,its collection activities,consumer psychology,aesthetic requirements and concept of work of its collection activities all had their special brand of commercial society.The varieties of consumer groups only reflected the active performance in painting and calligraphy market of Suzhou region in the Ming Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty,the commodity economy developed and produced more talents at Suzhou,especially in the field of Chinese painting,which had achieved great success,romoting the prevalence of the collection of painting and calligraphy.The quantity,variety and quality of private collection were the first in the country.The collector groups were formed,then they appreciated and exchanged their collections from each other.In the Ming Dynasty,the deal of the painting and calligraphy developed rapidly and became increasingly mature,especially in the consumption diversity of painting and calligraphy market.The consumer groups divided into two categories: "connoisseurs", "amateurs" and others.From the consumption purposes,they were divided into the collection of appreciation,arty,housing decoration,art investment and flaunt wealth and so on.The formation of the calligraphy and painting consumers of Suzhou in Ming Dynasty was related to the development of commodity economy.During the process of formation,its collection activities,consumer psychology,aesthetic requirements and concept of work of its collection activities all had their special brand of commercial society.The varieties of consumer groups only reflected the active performance in painting and calligraphy market of Suzhou region in the Ming Dynasty.
引文
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[16][明]汪柯玉:《珊瑚网·画据》,上海神州图光社,1913年版,第56页。
[17][明]陆容:《寂园杂记》卷五,中华书局,1975年版,第62页。
[19][明]王绂:《书画传习录》,《中国书画全书》第三册,上海书画出版社,1976年版。
[3][明]何良俊:《四友斋丛说》卷二十八,中华书局,1983年版,第257页。
[4][清]钱泳:《履园丛话收藏·总论》,中华书局,1979年版,第261页。
[5][明]周应愿:《印说·明万历刻本》,人民美术出版社,1978年版,第223页。
[6][清]张应文:《清秘藏卷下“叙赏鉴家”》,上海古籍出版社,1993年版,第115页。
[7][清]卞永誉:《式古堂书画汇考》,王式鉴古书社,1982年版,第120页。
[8][明]吴宽:《家藏集》卷四十八,吉林出版集团,1983年版,第8页。
[9][明]钱谷:《吴都文粹续集》卷二十六,台湾商务印书馆,1989年版,第81页。
[10][明]文徵明:《文徵明集补辑》卷二十二,上海古籍出版社,1989年版,第1318页。
[11][明]文徵明:《文徵明集补辑》卷二十四,上海古籍出版社,1989年版,第1367页。
[12][明]文徵明:《文徵明集补辑》卷二十三,上海古籍出版社,1989年版,第1330页。
[13][明]文徵明:《文徵明集》附录二,王世贞文先生传,上海古籍出版社,1989年版,第1624页。
[14][清]卞永誉:《式古堂书画汇考》卷二十五,王式鉴古书社,1982年版,第123页。
[15]黄朋:《明代中期苏州地区书画鉴藏家群体研究》,南京艺术学院博士学位论文,2002年。
[16][明]汪柯玉:《珊瑚网·画据》,上海神州图光社,1913年版,第56页。
[17][明]陆容:《寂园杂记》卷五,中华书局,1975年版,第62页。
[19][明]王绂:《书画传习录》,《中国书画全书》第三册,上海书画出版社,1976年版。