不同水稻土对双季稻光合特性及产量的影响
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摘要
以湘早籼45号为早稻材料、丰源优299为晚稻材料,在马铃薯–双季稻种植模式下,研究麻沙泥、灰泥、紫泥、红黄泥、黄泥、河沙泥6种不同水稻土对双季稻光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:成熟期,河沙泥处理早稻叶片的SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率较高;河沙泥处理早稻的产量较高,3年平均产量为6 806.49kg/hm~2,显著高于紫泥田(6 210.70 kg/hm~2),但与其他处理的差异不明显;各处理3年晚稻的平均产量差异不明显;各处理双季稻的总产量为13 432.91~14 838.89 kg/hm~2,最高的是河沙泥处理,最低的是紫泥田处理,2处理之间的差异达显著水平。
Under the mode of potato-double cropping rice, Xiangzaoxian 45 and Fengyuangyou299 were used as early rice and late rice respectively, six soil treatments(mashing mud, stucco, purple mud, red yellow mud, yellow mud and river sand mud) were conducted to study the effects of different paddy soils on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of double cropping rice. The results showed that the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the early rice treated with river sand mud were higher at mature stage. The yield of the treatment was the highest, with a 3-year average yield of 6 806.49 kg/hm~2, which was significantly higher than that of purple soil(6 210.70 kg/hm~2), but was not significant difference with other treatments. The difference of three years average yield of late rice among the six soils treatments was not significant. The range of total output of double-cropping rice was from 13 432.91 to 14 838.89 kg/hm~2, which the yield of river sand mud treatment was the highest, and purple mud field treatment was the lowest, the difference between the two treatments reached significant level.
Under the mode of potato-double cropping rice, Xiangzaoxian 45 and Fengyuangyou299 were used as early rice and late rice respectively, six soil treatments(mashing mud, stucco, purple mud, red yellow mud, yellow mud and river sand mud) were conducted to study the effects of different paddy soils on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of double cropping rice. The results showed that the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the early rice treated with river sand mud were higher at mature stage. The yield of the treatment was the highest, with a 3-year average yield of 6 806.49 kg/hm~2, which was significantly higher than that of purple soil(6 210.70 kg/hm~2), but was not significant difference with other treatments. The difference of three years average yield of late rice among the six soils treatments was not significant. The range of total output of double-cropping rice was from 13 432.91 to 14 838.89 kg/hm~2, which the yield of river sand mud treatment was the highest, and purple mud field treatment was the lowest, the difference between the two treatments reached significant level.
引文
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[21]徐国伟,陆大克,王贺正,等.干湿交替灌溉与施氮量对水稻叶片光合性状的耦合效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1225–1237.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.17067.
[22]王丽宏,曾昭海,杨光立,等.六种稻田土壤冬季种植黑麦草功能效应研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(12):1972–1976.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0496–3490.2007.12.009.
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[2]曾祥明,韩宝吉,徐芳森,等.不同基础地力土壤优化施肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2886–2894.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578–1752.2012.14.011.
[3]王秋菊.黑龙江地区土壤肥力和积温对水稻产量、品质影响研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[4]何万云.黑龙江省土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1992.
[5]向秀媛,刘强,荣湘民,等.有机肥和无机肥配施对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(1):72–77.
[6]徐国伟,王贺正,翟志华,等.不同水氮耦合对水稻根系形态生理、产量与氮素利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):132–141.DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002–6819.2015.10.018.
[7]陈冬林,屠乃美,关广晟,等.水稻免耕栽培技术的研究及应用[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(5):567–574.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1007–1032.2006.05.026.
[8]INTHAPAN P,FUKAI S.Growth and yield of rice cultivars under sprinkler irrigation in south–eastern Queensland.2.Comparison with maize and grain sorghum under wet and dry conditions[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,1988,28(2):243.DOI:10.1071/ea9880243.
[9]XU Y,NIE L,BURESH R J,et al.Agronomic performance of late–season rice under different tillage,straw,and nitrogen management[J].Field Crops Research,2010,115(1):79–84.DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.005.
[10]刘艳,孙文涛,宫亮,等.不同耕作措施对水稻土耕层理化性质及水稻产量的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2013(6):16–18.
[11]薛建福.耕作措施对南方双季稻田碳、氮效应的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[12]于天一,逄焕成,唐海明,等.不同母质发育的土壤对双季稻产量及养分吸收特性的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(5):896–904.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00896.
[13]熊洪,唐玉明,任道群,等.不同土壤类型、不同气候条件与稻米品质的关系研究[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(4):445–449.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001–4829.2004.04.009.
[14]杨曾平.长期冬种绿肥对红壤性水稻土质量和生产力可持续性影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2011.
[15]唐海明,肖小平,汤文光,等.冬季覆盖作物对双季稻光合特性的影响[J].杂交水稻,2011,26(2):64–68.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005–3956.2011.02.022.
[16]YOSHIDA H,HORIE T,SHIRRAIWA T.A model for explaining genotypic and environmental variation in vegetative biomass growth in rice based on observed LAI and leaf nitrogen content[J].Field Crops Research,2008,108(3):222–230.DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2008.05.004.
[17]童平,杨世民,马均,等.不同水稻品种在不同光照条件下的光合特性及干物质积累[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(3):505–511.
[18]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨[J].中国农业科学,1993,26(6):1–11.
[19]刘利成,敬礼恒,李蓉,等.不同栽培方式对双季稻株两优4024与H优159产量形成及光合特性的影响[J].杂交水稻,2014,29(5):70–73.
[20]彭建伟,刘强,荣湘民,等.氮磷钾配比及氮用量对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,30(2):123–127.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1007–1032.2004.02.008.
[21]徐国伟,陆大克,王贺正,等.干湿交替灌溉与施氮量对水稻叶片光合性状的耦合效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(5):1225–1237.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.17067.
[22]王丽宏,曾昭海,杨光立,等.六种稻田土壤冬季种植黑麦草功能效应研究[J].作物学报,2007,33(12):1972–1976.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0496–3490.2007.12.009.
[23]唐海明,汤文光,肖小平,等.双季稻区6种不同稻田土壤类型对晚稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(5):628–631.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000–0275.2012.05.025.