油气井管柱冲击动力问题研究概况和发展趋势
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摘要
钻采作业中经常遇到管柱冲击动力问题。具体工况包括:①射孔和爆炸松扣解卡时,炸药爆炸引发的管柱冲击振动;②用震击器解卡时,突然泄流和震击力引发的管柱冲击振动;③钻柱、套管柱、油管柱、抽油杆柱断脱或刹车不灵或操作失误,导致管柱沿井筒向下滑落冲击井底或泵阀,以及管柱下放时突然遇阻的情况。对文献的相关研究进展进行了评述,并介绍了油气井管柱力学三原理、油气井管柱动力学基本方程、油气井管柱的屈曲和拉力扭矩分析、钻柱动力学、直杆和薄壁管在轴向冲击作用下的应力和变形、以及有限元力学仿真的研究进展;最后,对管柱冲击动力研究的力学模型、数学模型、求解方法和预期结果等提出了建议。
The string dynamic shock commonly occurs during drilling and production.The specific working conditions are as below:(1)the string shock vibration caused by the explosion of explosive during perforating operation and back-off pipe by explosion;(2)the string shock vibration caused by the sudden discharge and the jarring force when releasing stuck with the use of jar;(3)the detached drilling string,casing string,tubing string and rod string,the brake malfunction or incorrect operation,causing an impact on well bottom or pump valve from the pipe string falling down along the wellbore;the case of sudden resistance when the string is tripping in.In this paper,the existing relevant literatures are discussed and evaluated.This paper also introduces the three principles of tubing string mechanics in oil and gas wells,the fundamental equations of tubing string dynamics,the buckling of tubing string,the tension-torque analysis of pipe string,drill string dynamics,the stress and deformation of straight rod and thin-walled pipe under axial impact and the research advance on the application of finite element mechanical simulation software.Finally,some suggestions are put forward on the mechanical model,mathematical model,solution method and expected results of this study.
The string dynamic shock commonly occurs during drilling and production.The specific working conditions are as below:(1)the string shock vibration caused by the explosion of explosive during perforating operation and back-off pipe by explosion;(2)the string shock vibration caused by the sudden discharge and the jarring force when releasing stuck with the use of jar;(3)the detached drilling string,casing string,tubing string and rod string,the brake malfunction or incorrect operation,causing an impact on well bottom or pump valve from the pipe string falling down along the wellbore;the case of sudden resistance when the string is tripping in.In this paper,the existing relevant literatures are discussed and evaluated.This paper also introduces the three principles of tubing string mechanics in oil and gas wells,the fundamental equations of tubing string dynamics,the buckling of tubing string,the tension-torque analysis of pipe string,drill string dynamics,the stress and deformation of straight rod and thin-walled pipe under axial impact and the research advance on the application of finite element mechanical simulation software.Finally,some suggestions are put forward on the mechanical model,mathematical model,solution method and expected results of this study.
引文
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[2]李子丰.油气井杆管柱力学研究进展与争论[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):531-556.LI Zifeng.Research advances and debates on tubular mechanics in oil and gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):531-556.
[3]LI Zifeng,ZHANG Chaoyue,SONG Guangming.Research advances and debates on tubular mechanics in oil and gas wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,151:194-212.
[4]练章华,林铁军,刘健,等.水平井油管柱射孔振动的有限元分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2006,28(1):56-59.LIAN Zhanghua,LIN Tiejun,LIU Jian,et al.Finite-element analysis of tube string vibration on horizontal well[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2006,28(1):56-59.
[5]陈华彬,唐凯,任国辉,等.超深井射孔管柱动态力学分析[J].测井技术,2010,34(5):487-491.CHEN Huabin,TANG Kai,REN Guohui,et al.String dynamic mechanics analysis on ultra-deep perforation[J].Well Logging Technology,2010,34(5):487-491.
[6]KANG Kai,MA Feng,ZHOU Haifeng,et al.Study on dynamic numerical simulation of string damage rules in oil-gas well perforating job[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,84:898-905.
[7]蔡履忠,赵烜,薛世峰,等.射孔作业过程管柱结构动态响应分析[J].石油矿场机械,2015,44(5):26-30.CAI Lvzhong,ZHAO Xuan,XUE Shifeng,et al.Dynamic response analysis of string structure during perforating process[J].Oil Field Equipment,2015,44(5):26-30.
[8]SKEEM M R,FRIEDMAN M B,WALKER B H.Drillstring dynamics during jar operation[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1979,31(11):1381-1386.
[9]GAO Baokui,GAO Liang,REN Jingwei.Testing string dynamics when jarring stuck packer[C]∥Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Applied Mechanics,Mechanical and Materials Engineering,Dec 18-19,2016,Xiamen,China.US:DEStech Publications,2016.
[10]张兆德,戴瑞斌,王德禹.液压式上击器解卡的震击力计算[J].上海交通大学学报,2002,36(1):121-124.ZHANG Zhaode,DAI Ruibin,WANG Deyu.Calculation of impact force in jarring[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2002,36(1):121-124.
[11]张兆德,李向军,王德禹.震击器解卡过程的动力学分析[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(1):8-11.ZHANG Zhaode,LI Xiangjun,WANG Deyu.Dynamic analysis of jarring operation[J].Oil Field Equipment,2004,33(1):8-11.
[12]孙仁甫,黄蓓蕾.石油钻井震击工具向上震击动载荷计算[J].石油机械,1997,25(5):4-7.SUN Renfu,HUANG Beilei.Calculation of dynamic load of fishing jar in jarring up[J].China Petroleum Machinery,1997,25(5):4-7.
[13]吕瑞典,李怀仲,汤平汉,等.随钻震击器震击力及影响因素分析[J].石油机械,2010,38(7):23-25.LU Ruidian,LI Huaizhong,TANG Pinghan,et al.An analysis of the impact force of the while-drilling jar bumper and its influencing factors[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2010,38(7):23-25.
[14]高巧娟,刘希茂,张健,等.打捞震击器力学分析[J].石油矿场机械,2015,44(6):34-37.GAO Qiaojuan,LIU Ximao,ZHANG Jian,et al.Shock mechanics analysis of fishing jar[J].Oil Field Equipment,2015,44(6):34-37.
[15]罗能,李黔,尹虎.液压震击动力学分析及震击力计算[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(20):5781-5784.LUO Neng,LI Qian,YIN Hu.Analysis of hydraulic jarring dynamics and impact force calculation[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(20):5781-5784.
[16]MOISYSHYN V,LEVCHUK K.Investigation on releasing of a stuck drill string by means of a mechanical jar[J].Oil&Gas Science and Technology-Rev.IFP Energies Nouvelles,2017,72(5):27.
[17]李子丰,王长进,田伟超,等.钻柱力学三原理及定性模拟实验[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):227-233.LI Zifeng,WANG Changjin,TIAN Weichao,et al.Three principles of drill string mechanics and qualitative simulation experiments[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):227-233.
[18]LI Zifeng,WANG Changjin,TIAN Weichao,et al.Fundamental principles of drill-string mechanics and their qualitative simulation[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2017,143(7):04017031.
[19]王长进,李子丰,李银朋,等.充满液体的圆筒中受压屈曲杆柱旋转实验[J].石油学报,2018,39(3):341-348.WANG Changjin,LI Zifeng,LI Yinpeng,et al.Experiment on the rotation of compressional buckling column in the liquid-filled cylinder[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(3):341-348.
[20]WANG Changjin,LI Zifeng,LI Yinpeng,et al.Experimental study on the rotation of compression-buckling rod column in a liquid-filled cylinder[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,164:459-466.
[21]高德利,刘希圣,徐秉业.钻柱力学研究的若干基本问题[C]∥中国石油学会石油工程专业委员会钻井基础理论研讨会文集.北京:中国石油学会,1992.GAO Deli,LIU Xisheng,XU Bingye.Some essential questions of drill string mechanics research[C]∥Chinese Petroleum Society.The Collected Papers on Drilling Theoretical Seminar of Petroleum Engineering Speciality Committee.Beijing:CPS,1992.
[22]李子丰,马兴瑞,黄文虎.油气井杆管柱动力学基本方程[J].力学与实践,1995,17(1):40-42.LI Zifeng,MA Xingrui,HUANG Wenhu.Fundamental equations for dynamical analysis to the pipe in an oil and gas well[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1995,17(1):40-42.
[23]李子丰,马兴瑞,黄文虎.钻柱力学基本方程及其应用[J].力学学报,1995,27(4):406-414.LI Zifeng,MA Xingrui,HUANG Wenhu.A general formulation of drill stem mechanics and its application[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,1995,27(4):406-414.
[24]李子丰,李敬元,马兴瑞,等.油气井杆管柱动力学基本方程及应用[J].石油学报,1999,20(3):87-90.LI Zifeng,LI Jingyuan,MA Xingrui,et al.Fundamental equations and its applications for dynamical analysis of rod and pipe string in oil and gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(3):87-90.
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