电渗透耦合Fe~(2+)-过硫酸钠污泥脱水过程中EPS的变化特性
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摘要
为了考察电渗透耦合Fe~(2+)-过硫酸钠污泥深度脱水的机制,采用自制装置对市政污水处理厂的污泥进行了脱水研究。系统研究了在不同电压梯度、机械压力、过硫酸钠投加量、Fe~(2+)与过硫酸钠比例、阴阳极间距等操作条件下,污泥中胞外聚合物(EPS)的组成及分布对污泥脱水效果的影响。结果表明,电渗透耦合Fe~(2+)-过硫酸钠可以改善污泥的脱水效果,过硫酸钠经过Fe~(2+)和热活化作用产生的硫酸根自由基对污泥中EPS的破坏作用明显,从而造成EPS特性改变。其中,紧密型胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)中的蛋白质和多糖、松散型胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)中的蛋白质及各层EPS中的蛋白质/多糖与污泥脱水效果存在显著相关性;黏性胞外聚合物(S-EPS)和LB-EPS中的多糖与污泥脱水效果存在显著相关性。TB-EPS、LB-EPS及其中含有的蛋白质和多糖含量是影响污泥电渗透耦合Fe~(2+)-过硫酸钠脱水效果的主要因素。
In order to investigate the mechanisms of sewage sludge dewatering by coordination of electroosmotic and Fe~(2+)-sodium persulfate oxidation process, the dewatered sludge from a sewage treatment plant was treated by a self-made experimental device. The effects of EPS constituent and distribution on sludge dewatering behavior were investigated under the different voltage gradients, mechanical pressures, persulfate dosages, the ratios of Fe~(2+)and sodium persulfate, and anode-cathode distances. The results showed that sludge dewatering effect can be improved by the coordination process of electro-osmosis and Fe~(2+)-sodium persulfate oxidation. The sulfate radical anions produced from sodium persulfate activated by Fe~(2+)and thermal activation presented an obvious damage to EPS in the sludge, thus the EPS characteristics changed. The protein in tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS) and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS)and the ratio of protein to polysaccharide in three layer EPS significantly correlated with the sludge dewatering effect, so did the polysaccharide in TB-EPS, in slime extracellular polymeric substances(S-EPS) and LB-EPS.The TB-EPS, LB-EPS, and their protein, polysaccharide contents are the primary factors affecting sludge dewatering by the coordination process of electro-osmosis and Fe~(2+)-sodium persulfate oxidation.
In order to investigate the mechanisms of sewage sludge dewatering by coordination of electroosmotic and Fe~(2+)-sodium persulfate oxidation process, the dewatered sludge from a sewage treatment plant was treated by a self-made experimental device. The effects of EPS constituent and distribution on sludge dewatering behavior were investigated under the different voltage gradients, mechanical pressures, persulfate dosages, the ratios of Fe~(2+)and sodium persulfate, and anode-cathode distances. The results showed that sludge dewatering effect can be improved by the coordination process of electro-osmosis and Fe~(2+)-sodium persulfate oxidation. The sulfate radical anions produced from sodium persulfate activated by Fe~(2+)and thermal activation presented an obvious damage to EPS in the sludge, thus the EPS characteristics changed. The protein in tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS) and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS)and the ratio of protein to polysaccharide in three layer EPS significantly correlated with the sludge dewatering effect, so did the polysaccharide in TB-EPS, in slime extracellular polymeric substances(S-EPS) and LB-EPS.The TB-EPS, LB-EPS, and their protein, polysaccharide contents are the primary factors affecting sludge dewatering by the coordination process of electro-osmosis and Fe~(2+)-sodium persulfate oxidation.
引文
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[18]TAN C,GAO N,DENG Y,et al.Heat-activated persulfate oxidation of diuron in water[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,203(5):294-300.
[19]MAHMOUD A,OLIVER J,VAXELAIRE J,et al.Electro-dewatering of wastewater sludge:Influence of the operating conditions and their interactions effects[J].Water Research,2011,45(9):2795-2810.
[20]ZHEN G,LU X,ZHAO Y,et al.Enhanced dewaterability of sewage sludge in the presence of Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,116:259-265.
[21]CETIN S,ERDINCLER A.The role of carbohydrate and protein parts of extracellular polymeric substances on the dewaterability of biological sludges[J].Water Science&Technology,2004,50(9):49-56.
[22]MORGAN J W,FORSTER C F,EVISON L.A comparative study of the nature of biopolymers extracted from anaerobic and activated sludges[J].Water Research,1990,24(6):743-750.
[23]OLIVIER J,MAHMOUD A,VAXELAIRE J,et al.Electro-dewatering of anaerobically digested and activated sludges:An energy aspect analysis[J].Drying Technology,2014,32(9):1091-1103.
[24]SHI Y F,YANG J K,MAO W,et al.Influence of Fe2+-sodium persulfate on extracellular polymeric substances and dewaterability of sewage sludge[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2015,53(10):2655-2663.
[25]ZHEN G,LU X,NIU J,et al.Inhibitory effects of a shock load of Fe(II)-mediated persulfate oxidation on waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,233:274-281.
[26]LIANG C,BRUELL C J,MARLEY M C,et al.Persulfate oxidation for in situ remediation of TCE(Ⅱ):Activated by chelated ferrous ion[J].Chemosphere,2004,55(9):1225-1233.
[27]OH S Y,KIM H W,PARK J M,et al.Oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol by persulfate activated with heat,Fe2+,and zero-valent iron[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(1):346-351.
[28]JIYEON H,LEI Z,SUNKEUN S,et al.Protein recovery from excess sludge for its use as animal feed[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(18):8949-8954.
[2]LIU Y,HERBERT H P F.Influences of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)on flocculation,settling,and dewatering of activated sludge[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science&Technology,2003,33(3):237-273.
[3]HOUGHTON J I,STEPHENSON T.Effect of influent organic content on digested sludge extracellular polymer content and dewaterability[J].Water Research,2002,36(14):3620-3628.
[4]SEVIOUR T,YUAN Z G,VAN LOOSDRECHT M C M,et al.Aerobic sludge granulation:A tale of two polysaccharides[J].Water Research,2012,46(15):4803-4813.
[5]唐海,沙俊鹏,欧阳龙,等.Fe(Ⅱ)活化过硫酸盐氧化破解剩余污泥[J].化工学报,2015,66(2):785-792.
[6]LU J,RAO S,LE T,et al.Increasing cake soli of cellulosic sludge through enzyme-assisted dewatering[J].Process Biochemistry,2011,46(1):353-357.
[7]ZHANG G,HE J,ZHANG P,et al.Ultrasonic reduction of excess sludge from activated sludge system II:Urban sewage treatment[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164(2):1105-1109.
[8]RUIZ-HERNANDO M,MARTINEZ-ELORZA G,LABANDA J,et al.Dewaterability of sewage sludge by ultrasonic,thermal and chemical treatments[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,230(16):102-110.
[9]CONRARDY J B,VAXELAIRE J,OLIVIER J.Electro-dewatering of activated sludge:Electrical resistance analysis[J].Water Research,2016,100:194-200.
[10]LI Y,YUAN X,WU Z,et al.Enhancing the sludge dewaterability by electrolysis/electrocoagulation combined with zero-valent iron activated persulfate process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,303:636-645.
[11]ZHEN G,LU X,LI Y,et al.Innovative combination of electrolysis and Fe(II)-activatedpersulfate oxidation for improving the dewaterability of waste activated sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,136:654-663.
[12]李亚林,刘蕾,侯金金,等.电渗透-过硫酸铵氧化协同强化污泥深度脱水[J].化工进展,2017,36(5):1919-1926.
[13]李亚林,刘蕾,张毅,等.电渗透/Fe-过硫酸盐氧化协同强化污泥深度脱水[J].化工学报,2016,67(9):4013-4019.
[14]李亚林,戚蓝月,胡听听,等.电渗透-过硫酸盐氧化对污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].工业安全与环保,2017,43(6):93-97.
[15]LI X Y,YANG S F.Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)on the flocculation,sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge[J].Water Research,2007,41(5):1022-1030.
[16]FR?LUND B,GRIEBE T,NIELSEN P H.Enzymatic activity in the activated sludge sludge flocs matrix[J].Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,1995,43(4):755-761.
[17]YU G H,HE P J,SHAO L M,et al.Extracellular proteins,polysaccharides and enzymes impact on sludge aerobic digestion after ultrasonic pretreatment[J].Water Research,2008,42(8):1925-1934.
[18]TAN C,GAO N,DENG Y,et al.Heat-activated persulfate oxidation of diuron in water[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,203(5):294-300.
[19]MAHMOUD A,OLIVER J,VAXELAIRE J,et al.Electro-dewatering of wastewater sludge:Influence of the operating conditions and their interactions effects[J].Water Research,2011,45(9):2795-2810.
[20]ZHEN G,LU X,ZHAO Y,et al.Enhanced dewaterability of sewage sludge in the presence of Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,116:259-265.
[21]CETIN S,ERDINCLER A.The role of carbohydrate and protein parts of extracellular polymeric substances on the dewaterability of biological sludges[J].Water Science&Technology,2004,50(9):49-56.
[22]MORGAN J W,FORSTER C F,EVISON L.A comparative study of the nature of biopolymers extracted from anaerobic and activated sludges[J].Water Research,1990,24(6):743-750.
[23]OLIVIER J,MAHMOUD A,VAXELAIRE J,et al.Electro-dewatering of anaerobically digested and activated sludges:An energy aspect analysis[J].Drying Technology,2014,32(9):1091-1103.
[24]SHI Y F,YANG J K,MAO W,et al.Influence of Fe2+-sodium persulfate on extracellular polymeric substances and dewaterability of sewage sludge[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2015,53(10):2655-2663.
[25]ZHEN G,LU X,NIU J,et al.Inhibitory effects of a shock load of Fe(II)-mediated persulfate oxidation on waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,233:274-281.
[26]LIANG C,BRUELL C J,MARLEY M C,et al.Persulfate oxidation for in situ remediation of TCE(Ⅱ):Activated by chelated ferrous ion[J].Chemosphere,2004,55(9):1225-1233.
[27]OH S Y,KIM H W,PARK J M,et al.Oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol by persulfate activated with heat,Fe2+,and zero-valent iron[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(1):346-351.
[28]JIYEON H,LEI Z,SUNKEUN S,et al.Protein recovery from excess sludge for its use as animal feed[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(18):8949-8954.