德惠市浅层地下水污染源识别及空间分布
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摘要
为实现德惠市浅层地下水的污染源识别及其空间分布特征研究,收集德惠市2014年43组水质资料,进行水化学特征统计分析,在此基础上采用因子分析法进行多元统计分析,提取5个公因子(F1—F5)分别为矿化度、有机物和硝酸盐氮、氨氮、铁锰、氯化物作为浅层地下水水质的主控因子,进一步分析其污染物来源,并根据因子得分利用ArcGIS差值工具绘图分析各污染源的污染程度及空间分布特征。结果表明:5个公因子(F1—F5)的方差贡献率分别为19. 947%、14. 082%、13. 661%、12. 630%和12. 144%。其中,有机物和硝酸盐氮、氨氮(F2、F3)是研究区内的主要污染物,受控于人为作用;矿化度污染则受控于迁移-富集作用;铁锰、氯化物污染分别受控于自然作用和地表水地下水交互作用。研究区范围内,城区、郭家镇、菜园子镇、大房身镇、五台乡污染较严重,其他乡镇水质状况良好;依据综合得分可以将浅层地下水划分为3个区域:禁止开采区、农业用水区和生活饮用水区,评价结果可以为政府决策提供参考。
In order to study on the identification and spatial distribution of shallow groundwater pollution sources in Dehui City,43 groups of groundwater quality data of 2014 were collected. Thehydro-chemical characteristics statistical analysis is performed.Based on this,the multivariate statistical analysis is performed by factor analysis,and the 5 common factors( F1—F5) are extracted as the main controlling factors of shallow groundwater quality. The 5 factors( F1—F5) are mineralization,organic compounds and nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,iron and manganese,and chloride respectively. The pollutant sources are further analyzed,and the pollution degree and spatial distribution of the pollutant sources are analyzed according to the factor score with the help of Arc GIS difference tool. The result shows that the variance contributions of the 5 common factors( F1—F5) are19. 947%,14. 082%,13. 661%,12. 630% and 12. 144% respectively. Organic compounds and nitrate nitrogen( F2),and ammonia nitrogen( F3) are the main pollutants in the area,controlled by human action. The pollution of mineralization( F1) is controlled by migration-enrichment,while the pollution of iron and manganese( F4) and chloride( F5) are controlled by natural action and the interaction of surface water and groundwater respectively. The pollution of groundwater in urban areas,Guojia Town,Caiyuanzi Town,Dafangshen Town and Wutai Township aremore serious than other townships. According to the comprehensive score,the shallow groundwater can be divided into 3 regions,namely banned mining areas,agricultural water areas and drinking water areas,the evaluation results can provide a reference for government decision-making.
In order to study on the identification and spatial distribution of shallow groundwater pollution sources in Dehui City,43 groups of groundwater quality data of 2014 were collected. Thehydro-chemical characteristics statistical analysis is performed.Based on this,the multivariate statistical analysis is performed by factor analysis,and the 5 common factors( F1—F5) are extracted as the main controlling factors of shallow groundwater quality. The 5 factors( F1—F5) are mineralization,organic compounds and nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,iron and manganese,and chloride respectively. The pollutant sources are further analyzed,and the pollution degree and spatial distribution of the pollutant sources are analyzed according to the factor score with the help of Arc GIS difference tool. The result shows that the variance contributions of the 5 common factors( F1—F5) are19. 947%,14. 082%,13. 661%,12. 630% and 12. 144% respectively. Organic compounds and nitrate nitrogen( F2),and ammonia nitrogen( F3) are the main pollutants in the area,controlled by human action. The pollution of mineralization( F1) is controlled by migration-enrichment,while the pollution of iron and manganese( F4) and chloride( F5) are controlled by natural action and the interaction of surface water and groundwater respectively. The pollution of groundwater in urban areas,Guojia Town,Caiyuanzi Town,Dafangshen Town and Wutai Township aremore serious than other townships. According to the comprehensive score,the shallow groundwater can be divided into 3 regions,namely banned mining areas,agricultural water areas and drinking water areas,the evaluation results can provide a reference for government decision-making.
引文
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[15]张茜.长吉经济圈水资源合理配置研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[2]刘超,张旭虎,李辉,等.廊坊市区地下水质量现状评价与分析[J].环境化学,2018,37(6):1399-1409.
[3]唐军,李娟,席北斗,等.基于危害性分级的地下水污染源分类识别方法[J].环境工程技术学报,2017,7(6):676-683.
[4]孟春芳,宋孝玉,赵文举,等.新乡市农村浅层地下水健康危害及污染源识别[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(5):2024-2030.
[5]邹涛.地下水污染源识别中基于径向基函数模型的优化方法应用[J].水土保持应用技术,2016(6):19-21.
[6]刘博,肖长来,梁秀娟,等.吉林市城区浅层地下水污染源识别及空间分布[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):457-464.
[7]张宁.丹东市城区浅层地下水污染源识别及空间分布研究[J].水利技术监督,2016,24(6):33-34,51,107.
[8]郭涛,陈海洋,滕彦国,等.东北典型农产区流域地下水水质评价与污染源识别[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(3):316-322.
[9]张骥,高翔,周晶.因子分析法在天津市主要河流水质污染程度综合评价中的应用[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(1):65-68.
[10]李莉波,尹华.德惠市地下水水质现状评价及变化趋势分析[J].农业与技术,2009,29(4):108-110.
[11]危润初,肖长来,梁秀娟.吉林市城区地下水污染时空演化[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):417-423.
[12]梁秀娟,肖长来,盛洪勋,等.吉林市地下水中“三氮”迁移转化规律[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(2):335-340,345.
[13]曾昭华,蔡伟娣,张志良.地下水中锰元素的迁移富集及其控制因素[J].资源环境与工程,2004,34(1):170-177.
[14]曾昭华.地下水中铁元素的形成及其控制因素[J].江苏地质,2003,27(4):220-224.
[15]张茜.长吉经济圈水资源合理配置研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.