大气CO_2浓度升高对旱作玉米不同生育期土壤碳氮及组分的影响
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摘要
为探明大气CO_2浓度升高对旱作玉米不同生育期土壤碳氮及其组分的影响,以旱作春玉米为研究对象,基于田间定位试验,利用改进的开顶式气室(OTC)模拟大气CO_2浓度升高的环境,设置当前自然大气CO_2浓度(CK)、CO_2浓度升高(700μmol/mol,OTC+CO_2)与OTC气室对照(OTC)3种处理,研究大气CO_2浓度升高对玉米各生育期土壤有机碳、全氮、水溶性有机碳、水溶性氮、易氧化有机碳的影响。结果表明:与OTC相比,大气CO_2浓度升高(OTC+CO_2)对土壤有机碳及组分、土壤全氮均无显著影响,使水溶性氮在12叶期(V12)降低18.17%,灌浆期(R3)升高108.56%(P<0.05)。与CK相比,OTC+CO_2处理显著降低了各生育期土壤有机碳(收获期R6除外)和全氮(V12除外)含量,降幅分别为4.47%～14.42%和6.78%～12.48%(P<0.05),降低了苗期(V6)水溶性有机碳、V12期水溶性氮、抽雄吐丝期(R1)与R6期易氧化有机碳含量,升高了R3期水溶性有机碳含量(P<0.05)。因此,试验设置条件下,大气CO_2浓度升高对土壤有机碳及组分、土壤全氮均无显著影响,对水溶性氮的影响因生育期而异。在利用OTC系统模拟大气CO_2浓度升高进行相关研究时,OTC对试验结果的影响不可忽视。
A field experiment was conducted to study the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved total nitrogen and readily oxidized organic carbon in spring maize field under three different environmental conditions: Natural atmospheric CO_2 concentration(as the control, marked as CK), open-top chamber(OTC) system with CO_2 concentration of 700 μmol/mol(marked as OTC+CO_2) and OTC system with current atmospheric CO_2 concentration(marked as OTC). The results showed that compared with OTC, the elevated CO_2 had no significant effect on the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and readily oxidized organic carbon(P > 0.05), but decreased the dissolved total nitrogen by 18.17%(P < 0.05) at V12 stage, and increased the dissolved total nitrogen by 108.56%(P < 0.05) at R3 stage. Compared with CK, OTC+CO_2 treatment decreased the soil organic carbon(expect R6) and total nitrogen(expect V12) during the whole period of maize, by 4.47% ～ 14.42% and 6.78% ～ 12.48%(P < 0.05), respectively. The OTC+CO_2 decreased the dissolved organic carbon at V6 stage, dissolved total nitrogen at V12 stage and readily oxidized organic carbon at R1 and R6 stages; but increased dissolved organic carbon at R3 stage(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the elevated CO_2 had no significant effect on organic carbon and its fractions, total nitrogen, but significantly affected dissolved total nitrogen. The impact of OTC on the results could not be ignored when using the OTC system to do the research about elevated CO_(2 )concentrations.
A field experiment was conducted to study the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved total nitrogen and readily oxidized organic carbon in spring maize field under three different environmental conditions: Natural atmospheric CO_2 concentration(as the control, marked as CK), open-top chamber(OTC) system with CO_2 concentration of 700 μmol/mol(marked as OTC+CO_2) and OTC system with current atmospheric CO_2 concentration(marked as OTC). The results showed that compared with OTC, the elevated CO_2 had no significant effect on the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and readily oxidized organic carbon(P > 0.05), but decreased the dissolved total nitrogen by 18.17%(P < 0.05) at V12 stage, and increased the dissolved total nitrogen by 108.56%(P < 0.05) at R3 stage. Compared with CK, OTC+CO_2 treatment decreased the soil organic carbon(expect R6) and total nitrogen(expect V12) during the whole period of maize, by 4.47% ～ 14.42% and 6.78% ～ 12.48%(P < 0.05), respectively. The OTC+CO_2 decreased the dissolved organic carbon at V6 stage, dissolved total nitrogen at V12 stage and readily oxidized organic carbon at R1 and R6 stages; but increased dissolved organic carbon at R3 stage(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the elevated CO_2 had no significant effect on organic carbon and its fractions, total nitrogen, but significantly affected dissolved total nitrogen. The impact of OTC on the results could not be ignored when using the OTC system to do the research about elevated CO_(2 )concentrations.
引文
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[22] 曹宏杰,倪红伟.大气CO2升高对土壤碳循环影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(11):1846-1852.
[23] 龙凤玲,李义勇,方熊,等.大气CO2浓度上升和氮素添加对南亚热带模拟森林生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1053-1063.
[24] 谢晓金,李仁英,张耀鸿,等.CO2浓度升高对水稻和玉米叶片光合生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(10):120-123.
[25] Cheng Y,Zhang J B,Zhu J G,et al.Ten years of elevated atmospheric CO2 doesn't alter soil nitrogen availability in a rice paddy[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,98:99-108.
[26] 张继舟,倪红伟,王建波,等.模拟氮沉降和CO2浓度增加对三江平原小叶章群落土壤总有机碳和氮素含量的影响[J].地球与环境,2013,41(3):217-225.
[27] 王小治,张海进,孙伟,等.大气CO2浓度升高对稻田土壤氮素的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2161-2165.
[28] 雷振锋,郑海峰,沈国强,等.垄距和天气对玉米灌浆期开顶式气室(OTCs)增温效果的影响[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(1):79-88.
[29] 刘元,潘根兴,张辉,等.大气CO2浓度和温度升高对麦田土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1484-1491.
[30] Bader K F,K?rner C.No overall stimulation of soil respiration under mature deciduous forest trees after 7 years of CO2 enrichment [J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(10):2830-2843.
[31] Van Groenigen K J,Xia J Y,Osenberg C W,et al.Application of a two-pool model to soil carbon dynamics under elevated CO2 [J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(12):4293-4297.
[32] 虞凯浩,陈效民,陈旭,等.模拟气候变化条件下太湖地区典型农田氮素的变化[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):96-100.
[33] 肖列,刘国彬,李鹏,等.短期CO2浓度升高和干旱胁迫对白羊草土壤碳氮和微生物根际效应的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3251-3259.
[34] 周欢,蔡立群,张仁陟,等.不同耕作方式下秸秆还田对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(1):63-68.
[2] 付鑫,王俊,赵丹丹.地膜覆盖对黄土高原旱作春玉米田土壤碳氮组分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):240-243.
[3] 沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(3):32-38.
[4] Ross D J,Newton P C D,Tate K R.Impact of a low level of CO2 enrichment on soil carbon and nitrogen pools and mineralization rates over ten years in seasonally dry,grazed pasture [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,58(2):265-274.
[5] 张蕊,赵钰,何洪波,等.基于稳定碳同位素技术研究大气CO2浓度升高对植物-土壤系统碳循环的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2379-2388.
[6] Van Groenigen K J,Qi X,Osenberg C W,et al.Faster decomposition under increased atmospheric CO2 limits soil carbon storage [J].Science,2014,344(6183):508-509.
[7] 李彦生,王光华,金剑.大气CO2升高与农田土壤碳循环研究[J].土壤与作物,2015,4(1):19-26.
[8] 陈栋,郁红艳,邹路易,等.大气CO2浓度升高对不同层次水稻土有机碳稳定性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(8):2559-2565.
[9] 陈栋,郁红艳,邹路易,等.土壤碳转化对大气CO2升高响应机制研究进展[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1656-1663.
[10] Guo J,Zhang M Q,Wang X W,et al.Elevated CO2 facilitates C and N accumulation in a rice paddy ecosystem [J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2015,29:27-33.
[11] Guo J,Zhang M Q,Zhang L,et al.Responses of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen in surface water and soil to CO2 enrichment in paddy field [J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2011,140:273-279.
[12] 陈婧,陈法军,刘满强,等.温度和CO2浓度升高下转Bt水稻种植对土壤活性碳氮和线虫群落的短期影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1481-1489.
[13] Wu Q C,Zhang C Z,Yu Z H,et al.Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen addition on organic carbon and aggregates in soil planted with different rice cultivars [J].Plant and Soil,2018,432:245-258.
[14] 赵光影,刘景双,张雪萍,等.CO2浓度升高对三江平原湿地土壤碳氮含量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):6-9.
[15] Baek W J,Kim Y J,Yun S I,et al.Sequestration of roots-derived carbon in paddy soil under elevated CO2 with two temperature regimes as assessed by isotope technique [J].Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry,2011,54(3):403-408.
[16] 肖列,刘国彬,李鹏,等.氮素添加和CO2浓度升高对白羊草根际和非根际土壤水溶性有机碳、氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):64-70.
[17] 郭艳亮,王晓琳,张晓媛,等.田间条件下模拟CO2浓度升高开顶式气室的改进及其效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(6):1034-1043.
[18] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999:33-53.
[19] Jonse D L,Willett V B.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in soil [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(5):991-999.
[20] Blair G J,Lefory R D,Lisle L.Soil carbon fractions based on their degree oxidation,and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems [J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1995,46(7):1459-1466.
[21] Terrer C ,Vicca S ,Hungate B A ,et al.Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO2 fertilization effect [J].Science,2016,353(6294):72-74.
[22] 曹宏杰,倪红伟.大气CO2升高对土壤碳循环影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(11):1846-1852.
[23] 龙凤玲,李义勇,方熊,等.大气CO2浓度上升和氮素添加对南亚热带模拟森林生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(10):1053-1063.
[24] 谢晓金,李仁英,张耀鸿,等.CO2浓度升高对水稻和玉米叶片光合生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(10):120-123.
[25] Cheng Y,Zhang J B,Zhu J G,et al.Ten years of elevated atmospheric CO2 doesn't alter soil nitrogen availability in a rice paddy[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,98:99-108.
[26] 张继舟,倪红伟,王建波,等.模拟氮沉降和CO2浓度增加对三江平原小叶章群落土壤总有机碳和氮素含量的影响[J].地球与环境,2013,41(3):217-225.
[27] 王小治,张海进,孙伟,等.大气CO2浓度升高对稻田土壤氮素的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2161-2165.
[28] 雷振锋,郑海峰,沈国强,等.垄距和天气对玉米灌浆期开顶式气室(OTCs)增温效果的影响[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(1):79-88.
[29] 刘元,潘根兴,张辉,等.大气CO2浓度和温度升高对麦田土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1484-1491.
[30] Bader K F,K?rner C.No overall stimulation of soil respiration under mature deciduous forest trees after 7 years of CO2 enrichment [J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(10):2830-2843.
[31] Van Groenigen K J,Xia J Y,Osenberg C W,et al.Application of a two-pool model to soil carbon dynamics under elevated CO2 [J].Global Change Biology,2015,21(12):4293-4297.
[32] 虞凯浩,陈效民,陈旭,等.模拟气候变化条件下太湖地区典型农田氮素的变化[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):96-100.
[33] 肖列,刘国彬,李鹏,等.短期CO2浓度升高和干旱胁迫对白羊草土壤碳氮和微生物根际效应的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3251-3259.
[34] 周欢,蔡立群,张仁陟,等.不同耕作方式下秸秆还田对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(1):63-68.