不同海拔生长的水葱功能适应性对比研究
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摘要
以高原湿地滇池和纳帕海湖滨带为研究地点,湖滨带优势物种水葱为研究对象,测定水葱的形态、比叶重及光合等性状,分析其在不同海拔湿地采样点间的差异。结果表明:较高海拔的纳帕海地区的水葱植株个体较小,比叶重较小,并且具有较低的光合能力。滇池和纳帕海水葱的叶片长度分别为205.6、116.5 cm,基径分别为10.94、8.77 mm,比叶重分别为229.85、107.77 g/m~2,净光合速率分别为19.43、12.36μmol/(m~2·s),气孔导度分别为0.63、0.30 mol/(m~2·s),蒸腾速率分别为3.43、2.34 mmol/(m~2·s)。因此,水葱的形态大小和生产力状况在不同海拔生长地点表现不同,较高海拔地区较严峻的生长条件是致使植物个体较小,生产力下降的重要原因。研究结果为从功能性状角度探讨湿地植物如何适应环境变化提供了案例。
Taking the plateau wetland Dianchi Lake and the Napahai Lakeside zone as the research site, the lakeside with the dominant species of Scirpus Validus as the research object, and detected the morphological, specific leaf weight and the photosynthetic properties of the species to compare and analyzed the differences in these parameters under different altitudes. The results show that compared to Dianchi wetlands, S. Validus plants in Napahai wetlands are small in height, and have low specific leaf weight and photosynthetic capacity. In Dianchi and Napahai wetlands, the leaf length of S. Validus are 205.6 and 116.5 cm, the basal diameter are 10.94 and8.77 mm, and the specific leaf weight are 229.85 and 107.77 g/m~2, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate of S.Validus in Dianchi and Napahai wetlands are 19.43 and 12.36 μmol/(m~2·s), respectively. The stomatal conductance of the species in the 2 sites were 0.63 and 0.30 mol/(m~2·s), and the transpiration rates are 3.43 and2.34 mmol/(m~2·s), respectively. These results indicates that the morphological size and the productivity of S. Validus have different appearance in growing sites with different altitudes. The harsh growing conditions at the higher altitudes should be important reasons for plants with small size and low productivity. Our study provides a case study on how wetland plants adapt to environmental changes from plant functional trait properties.
Taking the plateau wetland Dianchi Lake and the Napahai Lakeside zone as the research site, the lakeside with the dominant species of Scirpus Validus as the research object, and detected the morphological, specific leaf weight and the photosynthetic properties of the species to compare and analyzed the differences in these parameters under different altitudes. The results show that compared to Dianchi wetlands, S. Validus plants in Napahai wetlands are small in height, and have low specific leaf weight and photosynthetic capacity. In Dianchi and Napahai wetlands, the leaf length of S. Validus are 205.6 and 116.5 cm, the basal diameter are 10.94 and8.77 mm, and the specific leaf weight are 229.85 and 107.77 g/m~2, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate of S.Validus in Dianchi and Napahai wetlands are 19.43 and 12.36 μmol/(m~2·s), respectively. The stomatal conductance of the species in the 2 sites were 0.63 and 0.30 mol/(m~2·s), and the transpiration rates are 3.43 and2.34 mmol/(m~2·s), respectively. These results indicates that the morphological size and the productivity of S. Validus have different appearance in growing sites with different altitudes. The harsh growing conditions at the higher altitudes should be important reasons for plants with small size and low productivity. Our study provides a case study on how wetland plants adapt to environmental changes from plant functional trait properties.
引文
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[24]龚春梅.荒漠植物梭梭和花棒光合碳同化途径的环境适应性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2004.
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[26]Guo X,Guo W,Luo Y,et al.Morphological and biomass characteristic acclimation of trident maple(Acer buergerianum,Miq.)in response to light and water stress[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2012,35(4):1149-1159.
[27]Shigesada N,Okubo A.Analysis of the self-shading effect on algal vertical distribution in natural waters[J].Journal of Mathematical Biology,1981,12(3):311-326.
[28]Guerin G R,Wen H,Lowe A J.Leaf morphology shift linked to climate change[J].Biol Lett,2012,8(5):882-886.
[29]Cordell S,Goldstein G,Mueller-Dombois D,et al.Physiological and morphological variation in Metrosideros polymorpha,a dominant Hawaiian tree species,along an altitudinal gradient:the role of phenotypic plasticity[J].Oecologia,1998,113(2):188-196.
[30]辛福梅,刘济铭,杨小林,等.色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉叶片及细根性状随海拔的变异特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2719-2728.
[31]Riva E G D L,Olmo M,Poorter H,et al.Leaf mass per area(LMA)and its relationship with leaf structure and anatomy in 34 mediterranean woody species along a water availability gradient[J/OL].Plos One,2016,11(2):e0148788[2018-01-28].https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148788.
[32]Cao K F.Water relations and gas exchange of tropical saplings during a prolonged drought in a Bornean health forest,with reference to root architecture[J].Journal of Tropical Ecology,2000,16(1):101-116.
[33]杨春勐,代微然,索默,等.增温对滇杨和川杨生长及生理特性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(3):63-70.
[34]Teramura A H,Sullivan J H.Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of terrestrial plants[J].Photosynthesis Research,1994,39(3):463-473.
[2]Poorter L,Bongers F.Leafs traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rain forest Species[J].Ecology,2006,87(7):1733-1743.
[3]张晓飞.秦岭两种栎属植物叶性状及其关系沿海拔梯度的变化[D].西安:西北大学,2012.
[4]Wright I J,Reich P B,Westoby M,et al.The worldwide leaf economics spectrum[J].Nature,2004,428(6985):821-827.
[5]Niinemets U,Hauff K,Bertin N,et al.Monoterpene emissions in relation to foliar photosynthetic and structural variables in Mediterranean evergreen Quercus species review[J].New Phytologist,2002,153(2):243-256.
[6]孙梅,田昆,张贇,等.植物叶片功能性状及其环境适应研究[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(6):940-949.
[7]Franks P J,Beerling D J.CO2-forced evolution of plant gas exchange capacity and water-use efficiency over the Phanerozoic[J].Geobiology,2009,7(2):227-236.
[8]Hetherington A M,Woodward F I.The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change[J].Nature,2003,424(6951):901-908.
[9]张弥,吴家兵,关德新,等.长白山阔叶红松林主要树种光合作用的光响应曲线[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1575-1578.
[10]张金政.栽培条件对玉簪属植物生长和光合作用的影响研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2013.
[11]郭祥泉,吴载璋,刘健,等.不同气候条件耐瘠薄杉木优株生长适应性的对比研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(2):43-48.
[12]Erwin K L.Wetlands and global climate change:the role of wetland restoration in a changing world[J].Wetlands Ecology&Management,2008,17(1):71-84.
[13]刘振亚,张晓宁,李丽萍,等.大气增温对滇西北高原典型湿地湖滨带优势植物的光和CO2利用能力的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(23):7821-7832.
[14]李恒.横断山区的湖泊植被[J].植物分类与资源学报,1987,9(3):257-270.
[15]袁杰,田昆,许俊萍,等.增温与倍增CO2对滇池香蒲和水葱湿地土壤可溶性碳的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(5):65-70.
[16]肖德荣,田昆,袁华,等.高原湿地纳帕海水生植物群落分布格局及变化[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3624-3630.
[17]黄易.纳帕海湿地退化对碳氮积累影响的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(13):6095-6097.
[18]郜莹.哈尔滨市人工湿地植物净污能力研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2012.
[19]赵良元.水生植物水葱对沉积物中十溴联苯醚的修复机制研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2012.
[20]刘国栋.气候变化对高原湿地优势植物生理生态学特性的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2016.
[21]Pe?uelas J.The altitude-for-latitude disparity in the range retractions of woody species[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2009,24(12):694-701.
[22]K?rner C.The use of‘altitude’in ecological research[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2007,22(11):569-574.
[23]邓永胜.低温胁迫下番茄PSⅡ捕光天线蛋白基因Le Lhcb2的功能分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[24]龚春梅.荒漠植物梭梭和花棒光合碳同化途径的环境适应性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2004.
[25]Nicotra A B,Cosgrove M J,Cowling A,et al.Leaf shape linked to photosynthetic rates and temperature optima in South African Pelargonium species[J].Oecologia,2007,154(4):625-635.
[26]Guo X,Guo W,Luo Y,et al.Morphological and biomass characteristic acclimation of trident maple(Acer buergerianum,Miq.)in response to light and water stress[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2012,35(4):1149-1159.
[27]Shigesada N,Okubo A.Analysis of the self-shading effect on algal vertical distribution in natural waters[J].Journal of Mathematical Biology,1981,12(3):311-326.
[28]Guerin G R,Wen H,Lowe A J.Leaf morphology shift linked to climate change[J].Biol Lett,2012,8(5):882-886.
[29]Cordell S,Goldstein G,Mueller-Dombois D,et al.Physiological and morphological variation in Metrosideros polymorpha,a dominant Hawaiian tree species,along an altitudinal gradient:the role of phenotypic plasticity[J].Oecologia,1998,113(2):188-196.
[30]辛福梅,刘济铭,杨小林,等.色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉叶片及细根性状随海拔的变异特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2719-2728.
[31]Riva E G D L,Olmo M,Poorter H,et al.Leaf mass per area(LMA)and its relationship with leaf structure and anatomy in 34 mediterranean woody species along a water availability gradient[J/OL].Plos One,2016,11(2):e0148788[2018-01-28].https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148788.
[32]Cao K F.Water relations and gas exchange of tropical saplings during a prolonged drought in a Bornean health forest,with reference to root architecture[J].Journal of Tropical Ecology,2000,16(1):101-116.
[33]杨春勐,代微然,索默,等.增温对滇杨和川杨生长及生理特性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(3):63-70.
[34]Teramura A H,Sullivan J H.Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of terrestrial plants[J].Photosynthesis Research,1994,39(3):463-473.
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