广州市中学校园环境葡萄球菌污染现况
摘要
目的了解广州市中学校园环境表皮葡萄球菌(staphylococcus epidermidis,SE)和耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(methicillin-resitant staphylococcus epidermidis,MRSE)污染现况,为促进学校师生的健康发展提供依据。方法采用现况研究方法,于2016年10月—2017年1月对广州市10所中学的课室、厕所、楼梯、走廊、体育馆/运动场进行环境样本棉拭子采集,并进行SE和MRSE分离鉴定试验。结果共采集环境样本1 830份,SE检出率为13.83%(253/1 830),MRSE检出率为5.14%(94/1 830)。不同场所、物品的SE检出率差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),不同场所的MRSE检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。楼梯、走廊、课室SE和MRSE检出率均较高,课室中凳子SE检出率最高(19.38%)。结论广州市中学校园环境中不同场所、物品均检出SE和MRSE,且楼梯、课室、走廊污染较严重。
引文
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[3] LUZZARO F,ORTISI G,LAROSA M,et al.Prevalence and epidemiology of microbial pathogens causing bloodstream infections:results of the OASIS multicenter study[J].Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis,2011,69(4):363-369.
[4] CHEUNG G Y,OTTO M.Understanding the significance of staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia in babies and children[J].Curr Opin Infect Dis,2010,23(3):208-216.
[5] WIDERSTRM M,WISTRM J,EDEBRO H,et al.Colonization of patients,healthcare workers,and the environment with healthcare-associated staphylococcus epidermidis genotypes in an intensive care unit:a prospective observational cohort study[J].BMC Infect Dis,2016,16(1):743.
[6] QIN L,DA F,FISHER E L,et al.Toxin mediates sepsis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis[J].Plos Pathogens,2017,13(2):e1006153.
[7] OTTO M.Staphylococcus epidermidis:the 'accidental' pathogen[J].Nature Rev Microbiol,2009,7(8):555-567.
[8] KNOX J,UHLEMANN A C,MILLER M,et al.Environmental contamination as a risk factor for intra-household Staphylococcus aureus transmission[J].PLoS One,2012,7(11):e49900.
[9] BROOKS B,OLM M R,FIREK B A,et al.Strain-resolved analysis of hospital rooms and infants reveals overlap between the human and room microbiome[J].Nat Commun,2017,8(1):1814.
[10] ROLO J,DE L H,MIRAGAIA M.Strategies of adaptation of staphylococcus epidermidis to hospital and community:amplification and diversification of SCCmec[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2012,67(6):1333-1341.
[11] YEH P J,SIMON D M,MILLAR J A,et al.A diversity of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus spp.in a public transportation system[J].Osong Public Health Res Perspect,2011,2(3):202-209.
[12] 姚振江,陈小凤,周俊立,等.广州地铁站及车厢物体表面葡萄球菌污染特征分析[J].广东药学院学报,2013,29(4):447-450.
[13] HIROTAKI S,SASAKI T,KUWAHARA-ARAI K,et al.Rapid and accurate identification of human-associated staphylococci by use of multiplex PCR[J].J Clin Microbiol,2011,49(10):3627-3631.
[14] KLEINSCHMIDT S,HUYGENS F,FAOAGALI J,et al.Staphylococcus epidermidis as a cause of bacteremia[J].Future Microbiol,2015,10(11):1859-1879.
[15] KASSEM I I,SIGLER V,ESSEILI M A.Public computer surfaces are reservoirs for methicillin-resistant staphylococci[J].Isme J,2007,1(3):265-268.
[16] SENG R,LEUNGTONGKAM U,THUMMEEPAK R,et al.High prevalence of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from a university environment in Thailand[J].Int Microbiol,2017,20(2):65-73.
[17] TAJEDDIN E,RASHIDAN M,RAZAGHI M,et al.The role of the intensive care unit environment and health-care workers in the transmission of bacteria associated with hospital acquired infections[J].J Infect Public Health,2016,9(1):13-23.
[18] STEPANOVIC S I,I,DJUKIC S,VUKOVIC D,et al.Public transport as a reservoir of methicillin-resistant staphylococci[J].Lett Appl Microbiol,2010,47(4):339-341.
[19] 于越,郝艳莹,张雯,等.小学生手部污染情况调查及消毒干预的效果研究[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(19):3632-3633.