水淹条件下秋华柳对Cd污染土壤化学性质的影响
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摘要
为探究秋华柳(Salix variegata Franch.)在消落带水淹环境中对Cd污染土壤化学性质的影响,设置无镉处理组(Cd0)和镉浓度为2mg/kg的镉处理组(Cd2),水分设置为正常供水组及土壤表面以上5cm水淹组,所有处理组包括秋华柳种植组和无植物组.结果表明:1)秋华柳种植及水分处理均显著降低了土壤的pH值,使土壤酸碱度趋向于中性.2)所有处理及其交互作用未对土壤有机质质量分数表现出显著影响.3)秋华柳种植、水分处理及其交互作用极显著影响了土壤全氮质量分数;植物处理以及植物与Cd的交互作用显著影响土壤全磷质量分数;土壤全钾质量分数受到Cd处理、植物与水分以及水分与Cd处理之间交互作用的影响显著.水淹条件下种植秋华柳后,其土壤全氮质量分数为正常供水条件下裸地的79%;在Cd污染环境中,种植秋华柳使土壤全磷质量分数降低了15%,水分与植物的联合处理使全钾质量分数降低21%.4)与裸地正常供水组相比,水淹条件下秋华柳种植显著提高了土壤碱解氮质量分数;土壤速效磷质量分数仅受到Cd处理的影响,植物和水分处理未对土壤速效磷质量分数形成显著性影响;在无Cd环境中,与正常供水土壤相比,水淹显著降低了土壤速效磷的质量分数.研究表明,水淹条件下,秋华柳的种植显著降低土壤pH值,将对土壤中Cd离子形态产生明显影响,有利于植物对Cd的吸收.土壤营养元素的潜在供应能力有所降低,供应容量与供应强度随元素种类的变化以及外界环境的影响而表现出一定的差异性.因此,建议在秋华柳修复消落带Cd污染土壤的过程中,严格监控土壤中营养元素的质量分数,在必要的时候可在每年退水期适当施肥以促进秋华柳的生长,从而保证更好的植物修复效果.
To explore the effects of Salix variegata on the pH,organic matter and nutrient contents of Cdcontaminated soils under flooding,multifactor experimental treatments were applied under two planting levels,and two moisture and two Cd concentration treatments.The two moisture treatments were control(well-watered condition)and flooding(flooding 5cm above soil surface).Two levels of Cd addition were implemented:control(Cd0,0mg/kg)and Cd(Cd2,2mg/kg).Each treatment involved a planting group and a non-planting group of S.variegata.Soil pH significantly decreased under the condition of S.variegata planting and flooding,which tended to be neutral.All the three treatment factors and their interaction showed no significant influence on the organic matter content in the soil.S.variegata planting,flooding and their interaction significantly affected soil total N content.S.variegata planting,Cd and their interaction significantly influenced soil total P content.S.variegata planting,Cd and flooding and the interaction between planting and Cd significantly affected soil total K content.Soil TN content under the planting and flooding condition was 79%of the treatment of non-planting with well-watered condition.Under the condition of Cd contamination,S.variegata planting reduced the TP content of the soil by 15%,and the combination of S.variegata planting and flooding reduced TK content of the soil by 21%.Compared with the treatment of no S.variegata planting with well-watered condition,S.variegata planting significantly increased the content of soil alkali hydrolysable under flooding.Soil available P content was influenced by Cd stress and not significantly affected by S.variegata planting and flooding.Compared with the well-watered condition,flooding significantly reduced soil AP content in a Cd-free environment.The results indicated that the pH value of soil was significantly decreased under the conditions of S.variegata planting and flooding,which would have a significant effect on the Cd bioactivity in the soil,which was beneficial to plant Cd uptake.The potential supply capacity of soil nutrient elements was decreased,and the supply capacity and supply intensity showed some differences with the change of element types and the influence of external environment.Therefore,it is suggested that the contents of nutrient elements in the soil should be strictly monitored in the process of the phytoremediation for Cd-contaminated soil,and fertilizers should be applied properly in the de-submergence period to promote the growth of S.variegata,thus ensuring a better effect for phytoremediation of the Cd-contaminated soil.
To explore the effects of Salix variegata on the pH,organic matter and nutrient contents of Cdcontaminated soils under flooding,multifactor experimental treatments were applied under two planting levels,and two moisture and two Cd concentration treatments.The two moisture treatments were control(well-watered condition)and flooding(flooding 5cm above soil surface).Two levels of Cd addition were implemented:control(Cd0,0mg/kg)and Cd(Cd2,2mg/kg).Each treatment involved a planting group and a non-planting group of S.variegata.Soil pH significantly decreased under the condition of S.variegata planting and flooding,which tended to be neutral.All the three treatment factors and their interaction showed no significant influence on the organic matter content in the soil.S.variegata planting,flooding and their interaction significantly affected soil total N content.S.variegata planting,Cd and their interaction significantly influenced soil total P content.S.variegata planting,Cd and flooding and the interaction between planting and Cd significantly affected soil total K content.Soil TN content under the planting and flooding condition was 79%of the treatment of non-planting with well-watered condition.Under the condition of Cd contamination,S.variegata planting reduced the TP content of the soil by 15%,and the combination of S.variegata planting and flooding reduced TK content of the soil by 21%.Compared with the treatment of no S.variegata planting with well-watered condition,S.variegata planting significantly increased the content of soil alkali hydrolysable under flooding.Soil available P content was influenced by Cd stress and not significantly affected by S.variegata planting and flooding.Compared with the well-watered condition,flooding significantly reduced soil AP content in a Cd-free environment.The results indicated that the pH value of soil was significantly decreased under the conditions of S.variegata planting and flooding,which would have a significant effect on the Cd bioactivity in the soil,which was beneficial to plant Cd uptake.The potential supply capacity of soil nutrient elements was decreased,and the supply capacity and supply intensity showed some differences with the change of element types and the influence of external environment.Therefore,it is suggested that the contents of nutrient elements in the soil should be strictly monitored in the process of the phytoremediation for Cd-contaminated soil,and fertilizers should be applied properly in the de-submergence period to promote the growth of S.variegata,thus ensuring a better effect for phytoremediation of the Cd-contaminated soil.
引文
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[6]王业春,雷波,杨三明,等.三峡库区消落带不同水位高程土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):612-617.
[7] HE Y,RUI H Y,CHEN C,et al.The Role of Roots in the Accumulation and Removal of Cadmium by the Aquatic Plant Hydrilla verticillata[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2016,23(13):13308-13316.
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[14]曾成城,陈锦平,马文超,等.水淹生境下秋华柳对镉污染土壤研究修复能力[J].生态学报,2016,36(13):3978-3986.
[15]陈锦平,曾成城,马文超,等.水淹和非水淹条件下秋华柳扦插苗镉积累特征比较[J].林业科学,2017,53(4):166-174.
[16]程瑞梅,王晓荣,肖文发,等.三峡库区消落带水淹初期土壤物理性质及金属含量初探[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):156-161.
[17]杨予静,李昌晓,马朋.三峡水库城区消落带人工草本植被土壤养分含量研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):1-11.
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[21]吴巍,赵军.植物对氮素吸收利用的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(13):75-78.
[22]曹翠玲,李生秀,苗芳.氮素对植物某些生理生化过程影响的研究进展[J].西北农业大学学报,1999,27(4):96-101.
[23]郑炳松,程晓建,蒋德安,等.钾元素对植物光合速率、Rubisco和RCA的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2002,19(1):104-108.
[24]曾成城,陈锦平,魏虹,等.水淹生境下秋华柳对Cd污染土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4327-4334.
[25]ANDRESEN E,KAPPEL S,STRK H,et al.Cadmium Toxicity Investigated at the Physiological and Biophysical Levels Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Using the Aquatic Model Plant Ceratophyllum Demersum[J].New Phytologist,2016,210(4):1244-1258.
[26]罗毅,敖亮,罗财红,等.三峡库区消落带土壤镉环境风险研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(5):180-183.
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