偏载下水润滑尾轴承分布式动力学特性
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摘要
为了揭示偏载作用下大长径比水润滑尾轴承的流体动力学行为,提出了分布式动力学特性参数测试方法;在船舶大型推进轴系模拟试验台上,以直径为324 mm、长度为1 200 mm的大尺寸水润滑尾轴承为试验对象,在轴承上、沿轴线方向选取3个截面,每个截面布置相互垂直的2个电涡流传感器,以获取轴心轨迹;在转轴上、沿轴线方向选取4个截面,每个截面各布置1个微型压力传感器,并随轴一起旋转,采用无线遥测技术获取4个截面的全周水膜压力分布;通过改变相邻轴承的标高来调整转轴倾斜程度,研究了转速和标高对试验轴承水膜压力分布和轴颈运行状态的影响规律。研究结果表明:偏载导致离悬臂端最近的截面压力测试值明显大于其他截面,最大值约为3.6 MPa;轴承的润滑状态沿轴向呈现分区特性,越靠近悬臂端,弹流润滑特征越明显,且不同的轴承分段需要不同的速度来产生动压水膜;离悬臂端最近的截面压力曲线顶部的"水囊"随转速升高而出现,但在220 r·min~(-1)时变得不明显,各截面压力分布出现明显的负压现象;轴颈在轴承孔中的空间形态较复杂,在轴承两侧严重下弯,在中部拱起,并且不同轴承截面的偏位角不同,离悬臂端越远,轴心轨迹面积越大。可见,与具有单一润滑状态和直线轴颈的滑动轴承相比,偏载下大长径比水润滑尾轴承的流体动力学模型应考虑轴向润滑状态分区、弯曲轴颈和负压等因素。
In order to reveal the hydrodynamics behavior of water-lubricated stern bearing with a large length-diameter ratio under offset load, a test method of distributed dynamics characteristics parameters was proposed. A large-size water-lubricated stern bearing with a diameter of 324 mm and a length of 1 200 mm was tested on a large-scale propulsion shafting simulation test stand. Three cross sections of the bearing were selected along the axis direction, and two eddy current sensors perpendicular to each other were arranged on each cross section to obtain the axis orbits. At the same time, four cross sections of the shaft were selected along the axis direction and each section installed with a micro pressure sensor, respectively, and the signals of water film pressure distributions of the sections were obtained by the wireless telemetry. The inclined angle of the axis was adjusted by changing the elevation of the adjacent bearing, and the influence rules of rotation speed and elevation on the water film pressure distribution and running state of journal of test bearing were studied. Research result shows that the pressure test value of the section closest to the cantilever end due to the offset load is obviously larger than that of other sections, and the maximum value is about 3.6 MPa. The lubrication state of the bearing is partitioned along the axial direction, and the closer to the cantilever end, the more obvious the elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics. Different bearing segments need different speeds to generate hydrodynamic water film. The "water pocket" at the top of pressure curve of the section closest to the cantilever end appears with the increase of the rotating speed, but it is not obvious at 220 r·min~(-1). The negative pressure phenomenon appears in the pressure distribution of each section. The spatial form of the journal in the bearing hole is relatively complex. The journal severely bends down on both sides of the bearing and arches in the middle, and the deflection angles of different bearing sections are different. The farther away from the cantilever end, the larger the axis orbit area. Compared with the bearing with a single lubrication state and a straight journal, the hydrodynamics model of water-lubricated stern bearing with large length-diameter ratio under offset load should take into account the factors, such as the zoning characteristics of lubrication state, the bending state of the shaft and the negative pressure phenomenon. 1 tab, 12 figs, 31 refs.
In order to reveal the hydrodynamics behavior of water-lubricated stern bearing with a large length-diameter ratio under offset load, a test method of distributed dynamics characteristics parameters was proposed. A large-size water-lubricated stern bearing with a diameter of 324 mm and a length of 1 200 mm was tested on a large-scale propulsion shafting simulation test stand. Three cross sections of the bearing were selected along the axis direction, and two eddy current sensors perpendicular to each other were arranged on each cross section to obtain the axis orbits. At the same time, four cross sections of the shaft were selected along the axis direction and each section installed with a micro pressure sensor, respectively, and the signals of water film pressure distributions of the sections were obtained by the wireless telemetry. The inclined angle of the axis was adjusted by changing the elevation of the adjacent bearing, and the influence rules of rotation speed and elevation on the water film pressure distribution and running state of journal of test bearing were studied. Research result shows that the pressure test value of the section closest to the cantilever end due to the offset load is obviously larger than that of other sections, and the maximum value is about 3.6 MPa. The lubrication state of the bearing is partitioned along the axial direction, and the closer to the cantilever end, the more obvious the elastohydrodynamic lubrication characteristics. Different bearing segments need different speeds to generate hydrodynamic water film. The "water pocket" at the top of pressure curve of the section closest to the cantilever end appears with the increase of the rotating speed, but it is not obvious at 220 r·min~(-1). The negative pressure phenomenon appears in the pressure distribution of each section. The spatial form of the journal in the bearing hole is relatively complex. The journal severely bends down on both sides of the bearing and arches in the middle, and the deflection angles of different bearing sections are different. The farther away from the cantilever end, the larger the axis orbit area. Compared with the bearing with a single lubrication state and a straight journal, the hydrodynamics model of water-lubricated stern bearing with large length-diameter ratio under offset load should take into account the factors, such as the zoning characteristics of lubrication state, the bending state of the shaft and the negative pressure phenomenon. 1 tab, 12 figs, 31 refs.
引文
[1] 严新平,袁成清,白秀琴,等.绿色船舶的摩擦学研究现状与进展[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(4):410-420.YAN Xin-ping,YUAN Cheng-qing,BAI Xiu-qin,et al.Research status and advances of tribology of green ship[J].Tribology,2012,32(4):410-420.(in Chinese)
[2] 严新平,梁兴鑫,刘正林,等.船舶水润滑尾轴承服役性能研究及其进展[J].中国造船,2017,58(3):221-232.YAN Xin-ping,LIANG Xing-xin,LIU Zheng-lin,et al.Research progress of marine water lubricated stern bearing[J].Shipbuilding of China,2017,58(3):221-232.(in Chinese)
[3] ORNDORFFJR R J.New UHMWPE/rubber bearing alloy[J].Journal of Tribology,2000,122(1):367-373.
[4] SHI Fang-hui,SALANT R F.A mixed soft elastohy-drodynamic lubrication model with interasperity cavitation and surface shear deformation[J].Journal of Tribology,2000,122(1):308-316.
[5] HOOKE C J,O'DONOGHUE J P.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of soft,highly deformed contacts[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1972,14(1):34-48.
[6] HOOKE C J.Roughness in soft elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts—attenuation and the complementary wave reassessed[J].Journal of Engineering Tribology,2015,230(11):1325-1335.
[7] HOOKE C J,HUANG P.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of soft viscoelastic materials in line contact[J].Journal of Engineering of Tribology,1997,211:185-194.
[8] LAHMAR M,ELLAGOUNE S,BOU-SA?D B.Elastohydro-dynamic lubrication analysis of a compliant journal bearing considering static and dynamic deformations of the bearing liner[J].Tribology Transactions,2010,53(3):349-368.
[9] HU Yuan-zhong,ZHU Dong.A full numerical solution to the mixed lubrication in point contacts[J].Journal of Tribology,2000,122(1):1-9.
[10] DE KRAKER A,VAN OSTAYEN R A,RIXEN D J.Calculation of stribeck curves for (water) lubricated journal bearings[J].Tribology International,2007,40(3):459-469.
[11] 王悦昶,刘莹,黄伟峰,等.混合润滑理论模型进化与工程应用[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(4):520-530.WANG Yue-chang,LIU Ying,HUANG Wei-feng,et al.The progress and engineering application of theoretical model for mixed lubrication[J].Tribology,2016,36(4):520-530.(in Chinese)
[12] HAN Yan-feng,XIONG Shang-wu,WANG Jia-xu,et al.A new singularity treatment approach for journal-bearing mixed lubrication modeled by the finite difference method with a herringbone mesh[J].Journal of Tribology,2016,138(1):011704-1-10.
[13] 欧阳武,陈润霖,彭林,等.考虑局部固体接触的滑动轴承主刚度和主阻尼研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(1):112-117.OUYANG Wu,CHEN Run-lin,PENG Lin,et al.Main stiffness and main damping of sliding bearings considering local contact[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2014,48(1):112-117.(in Chinese)
[14] OUYANG Wu,ZHANG Xue-bing,JIN Yong,et al.Experimental study on the dynamic performance of water-lubricated rubber bearings with local contact[J].Shock and Vibration,2018,2018:1-10.
[15] QIN Hong-lin,ZHOU Xin-cong,ZHAO Xin-ze,et al.A new rubber/UHMWPE alloy for water-lubricated stern bearings[J].Wear,2015,328/329:257-261.
[16] DONG Cong-lin,SHI Li-chun,LI Lyu-zhou,et al.Stick-slip behaviours of water lubrication polymer materials under low speed conditions[J].Tribology International,2017,106:55-61.
[17] ZHANG Zhen-guo,ZHANG Zhi-yi,HUANG Xiu-chang,et al.Stability and transient dynamics of a propeller-shaft system as induced by nonlinear friction acting on bearing-shaft contact interface[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2014,333(12):2608-2630.
[18] MITSUI J,AKUTSU Y.Analysis of shaft alignment taking oil film characteristics of stern tube bearing into consideration:Part 1,theoretical analysis[J].Bulletin of JSME,1984,27(224):317-324.
[19] MURAWSKI L.Shaft line alignment analysis taking ship construction flexibility and deformations into consideration[J].Marine Structures,2005,18(1):62-84.
[20] HE Tao,ZOU De-quan,LU Xi-qun,et al.Mixed-lubrication analysis of marine stern tube bearing considering bending deformation of stern shaft and cavitation[J].Tribology International,2014,73:108-116.
[21] LITWIN W.Influence of local bush wear on water lubricated sliding bearing load carrying capacity[J].Tribology International,2016,103:352-358.
[22] SUN Jun,ZHU Xin-long,ZHANG Liang,et al.Effect of surface roughness,viscosity-pressure relationship and elastic deformation on lubrication performance of misaligned journal bearings[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,2014,66(3):337-345.
[23] XU Guo-hui,ZHOU Jian,GENG Hai-peng,et al.Research on the static and dynamic characteristics of misaligned journal bearing considering the turbulent and thermohydrodynamic effects[J].Journal of Tribology,2015,137(2):024504-1-8.
[24] ZHANG Xiu-li,YIN Zhong-wei,JIANG Dan,et al.Load carrying capacity of misaligned hydrodynamic water-lubricated plain journal bearings with rigid bush materials[J].Tribology International,2016,99:1-13.
[25] CABRERA D L,WOOLLEY N H,ALLANSON D R,et al.Film pressure distribution in water-lubricated rubber journal bearings[J].Journal of Engineering Tribology,2005,219:125-132.
[26] ZHOU Guang-wu,WANG Jia-xu,HAN Yan-feng,et al.An experimental study on film pressure circumferential distribution of water lubricated rubber bearings with multiple grooves[J].Tribology Transactions,2017,60(3):385-391.
[27] LITWIN W.Experimental research on water lubricated three layer sliding bearing with lubrication grooves in the upper part of the bush and its comparison with a rubber bearing[J].Tribology International,2015,82:153-161.
[28] LITWIN W.Properties comparison of rubber and three layer PTFE-NBR-bronze water lubricated bearings with lubricating grooves along entire bush circumference based on experimental tests[J].Tribology International,2015,90:404-411.
[29] LITWIN W,DYMARSKI C.Experimental research on water lubricated marine stern tube bearings in conditions of improper lubrication and cooling causing rapid bush wear[J].Tribology International,2016,95:449-455.
[30] WANG Nan,MENG Qing-feng,WANG Peng-peng,et al.Experimental research on film pressure distribution of water-lubricated rubber bearing with multiaxial grooves[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2013,135(8):084501-1-6.
[31] PIERRE I,BOUYER J,FILLON M.Thermohydrodynamic behavior of misaligned plain journal bearings:theoretical and experimental approaches[J].Tribology Transactions,2004,47(4):594-604.
[2] 严新平,梁兴鑫,刘正林,等.船舶水润滑尾轴承服役性能研究及其进展[J].中国造船,2017,58(3):221-232.YAN Xin-ping,LIANG Xing-xin,LIU Zheng-lin,et al.Research progress of marine water lubricated stern bearing[J].Shipbuilding of China,2017,58(3):221-232.(in Chinese)
[3] ORNDORFFJR R J.New UHMWPE/rubber bearing alloy[J].Journal of Tribology,2000,122(1):367-373.
[4] SHI Fang-hui,SALANT R F.A mixed soft elastohy-drodynamic lubrication model with interasperity cavitation and surface shear deformation[J].Journal of Tribology,2000,122(1):308-316.
[5] HOOKE C J,O'DONOGHUE J P.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of soft,highly deformed contacts[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1972,14(1):34-48.
[6] HOOKE C J.Roughness in soft elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts—attenuation and the complementary wave reassessed[J].Journal of Engineering Tribology,2015,230(11):1325-1335.
[7] HOOKE C J,HUANG P.Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of soft viscoelastic materials in line contact[J].Journal of Engineering of Tribology,1997,211:185-194.
[8] LAHMAR M,ELLAGOUNE S,BOU-SA?D B.Elastohydro-dynamic lubrication analysis of a compliant journal bearing considering static and dynamic deformations of the bearing liner[J].Tribology Transactions,2010,53(3):349-368.
[9] HU Yuan-zhong,ZHU Dong.A full numerical solution to the mixed lubrication in point contacts[J].Journal of Tribology,2000,122(1):1-9.
[10] DE KRAKER A,VAN OSTAYEN R A,RIXEN D J.Calculation of stribeck curves for (water) lubricated journal bearings[J].Tribology International,2007,40(3):459-469.
[11] 王悦昶,刘莹,黄伟峰,等.混合润滑理论模型进化与工程应用[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(4):520-530.WANG Yue-chang,LIU Ying,HUANG Wei-feng,et al.The progress and engineering application of theoretical model for mixed lubrication[J].Tribology,2016,36(4):520-530.(in Chinese)
[12] HAN Yan-feng,XIONG Shang-wu,WANG Jia-xu,et al.A new singularity treatment approach for journal-bearing mixed lubrication modeled by the finite difference method with a herringbone mesh[J].Journal of Tribology,2016,138(1):011704-1-10.
[13] 欧阳武,陈润霖,彭林,等.考虑局部固体接触的滑动轴承主刚度和主阻尼研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(1):112-117.OUYANG Wu,CHEN Run-lin,PENG Lin,et al.Main stiffness and main damping of sliding bearings considering local contact[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2014,48(1):112-117.(in Chinese)
[14] OUYANG Wu,ZHANG Xue-bing,JIN Yong,et al.Experimental study on the dynamic performance of water-lubricated rubber bearings with local contact[J].Shock and Vibration,2018,2018:1-10.
[15] QIN Hong-lin,ZHOU Xin-cong,ZHAO Xin-ze,et al.A new rubber/UHMWPE alloy for water-lubricated stern bearings[J].Wear,2015,328/329:257-261.
[16] DONG Cong-lin,SHI Li-chun,LI Lyu-zhou,et al.Stick-slip behaviours of water lubrication polymer materials under low speed conditions[J].Tribology International,2017,106:55-61.
[17] ZHANG Zhen-guo,ZHANG Zhi-yi,HUANG Xiu-chang,et al.Stability and transient dynamics of a propeller-shaft system as induced by nonlinear friction acting on bearing-shaft contact interface[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2014,333(12):2608-2630.
[18] MITSUI J,AKUTSU Y.Analysis of shaft alignment taking oil film characteristics of stern tube bearing into consideration:Part 1,theoretical analysis[J].Bulletin of JSME,1984,27(224):317-324.
[19] MURAWSKI L.Shaft line alignment analysis taking ship construction flexibility and deformations into consideration[J].Marine Structures,2005,18(1):62-84.
[20] HE Tao,ZOU De-quan,LU Xi-qun,et al.Mixed-lubrication analysis of marine stern tube bearing considering bending deformation of stern shaft and cavitation[J].Tribology International,2014,73:108-116.
[21] LITWIN W.Influence of local bush wear on water lubricated sliding bearing load carrying capacity[J].Tribology International,2016,103:352-358.
[22] SUN Jun,ZHU Xin-long,ZHANG Liang,et al.Effect of surface roughness,viscosity-pressure relationship and elastic deformation on lubrication performance of misaligned journal bearings[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,2014,66(3):337-345.
[23] XU Guo-hui,ZHOU Jian,GENG Hai-peng,et al.Research on the static and dynamic characteristics of misaligned journal bearing considering the turbulent and thermohydrodynamic effects[J].Journal of Tribology,2015,137(2):024504-1-8.
[24] ZHANG Xiu-li,YIN Zhong-wei,JIANG Dan,et al.Load carrying capacity of misaligned hydrodynamic water-lubricated plain journal bearings with rigid bush materials[J].Tribology International,2016,99:1-13.
[25] CABRERA D L,WOOLLEY N H,ALLANSON D R,et al.Film pressure distribution in water-lubricated rubber journal bearings[J].Journal of Engineering Tribology,2005,219:125-132.
[26] ZHOU Guang-wu,WANG Jia-xu,HAN Yan-feng,et al.An experimental study on film pressure circumferential distribution of water lubricated rubber bearings with multiple grooves[J].Tribology Transactions,2017,60(3):385-391.
[27] LITWIN W.Experimental research on water lubricated three layer sliding bearing with lubrication grooves in the upper part of the bush and its comparison with a rubber bearing[J].Tribology International,2015,82:153-161.
[28] LITWIN W.Properties comparison of rubber and three layer PTFE-NBR-bronze water lubricated bearings with lubricating grooves along entire bush circumference based on experimental tests[J].Tribology International,2015,90:404-411.
[29] LITWIN W,DYMARSKI C.Experimental research on water lubricated marine stern tube bearings in conditions of improper lubrication and cooling causing rapid bush wear[J].Tribology International,2016,95:449-455.
[30] WANG Nan,MENG Qing-feng,WANG Peng-peng,et al.Experimental research on film pressure distribution of water-lubricated rubber bearing with multiaxial grooves[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2013,135(8):084501-1-6.
[31] PIERRE I,BOUYER J,FILLON M.Thermohydrodynamic behavior of misaligned plain journal bearings:theoretical and experimental approaches[J].Tribology Transactions,2004,47(4):594-604.
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