登陆台风“杰拉华”与“海葵”降雨差异的水汽输送特征
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摘要
利用水平分辨率1.0°×1.0°的美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)再分析资料、水平分辨率为2.5°×2.5°的美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)大气环流资料、水平分辨率为1.0°×1.0°的NCEP全球资料同化系统(Global Data Assimilation System,GDAS)资料,结合拉格朗日混合单粒子轨迹模式(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model,HYSPLIT)对两个路径相似但降雨分布存在较大差别的登陆台风"杰拉华"和"海葵"进行水汽输送对比分析,并进一步探讨水汽对于台风"海葵"登陆减弱后引发暴雨增幅的影响。结果表明:登陆后台风"海葵"维持时间和风雨的影响明显强于"杰拉华";陆地上输送的水汽(59.9%)是台风"杰拉华"的主要的水汽通道,但得不到暖洋面上的水汽补充,迫使其快速衰亡,降雨强度也较弱;而台风"海葵"登陆后,南海和黄海依然为其提供了大部分的水汽,台风"海葵"登陆后的水汽来源可以分为两类,一类为直接从洋面进入雨区的偏东水汽,另一类为与热带气旋(Tropical Cyclones,TC)环流相联系的偏南水汽。台风"海葵"登陆后第一轮暴雨的水汽主要来源于日本以东洋面(61.2%),南海水汽输送在一定程度上促进了第二轮暴雨的增强。江苏南部地区降雨的水汽主要来源于东海和中国东部地区(46.3%),中国东部地区蕴含的水汽和能量低于暖洋面,运行过程中携带的水汽量逐渐减少,可能是江苏南部地区降雨强度偏弱的原因之一。
Based on the reanalysis data with a spatial resolution of 1.0°×1.0° from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP),the atmospheric circulation data of 2.5°×2.5° from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) and the assimilation data of 1.0°×1.0° from the Global Data Assimilation System(GDAS),and using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) Model,the characteristics of water vapor transport were analyzed for two landing typhoons " Jelawat" and " Haikui" that had similar tracks but large difference in precipitation distributions and the effect of water vapor on increase of heavy rainfall after landing weakness of the "Haikui" typhoon was discussed.The results showed that the maintenance duration and precipitation of "Haikui" after landing are stronger than those of " Jelawat" after landing.Water vapor transported from the inland(59.9%) plays an important role for " Jelawat".Without water supplement from the ocean,"Jelawat" declines rapidly and the precipitation intensity decreases.After the landing of "Haikui",water vapor is mostly transported from the South China Sea and Yellow Sea,which can come from two paths,one from the eastern ocean surface that travels directly into the rainfall area and the other from the southern region related to the tropical cyclone(TC) circulations.Water vapor during the first heavy precipitation event after the landing of "Haikui" is mainly coming from the ocean in the east of Japan(61.2%),and water vapor transported from the South China Sea contributes the enhancement of the second heavy precipitation event to a certain extent.Water vapor during precipitation in the southern region of Jiangsu province is mainly from the East China Sea and East China(46.3%).Water vapor and energy in the East China are both smaller than those from the southern warm ocean,and water vapor decreases gradually during long distance transportation,which probably results in the weak precipitation in the southern region of Jiangsu province.
Based on the reanalysis data with a spatial resolution of 1.0°×1.0° from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP),the atmospheric circulation data of 2.5°×2.5° from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) and the assimilation data of 1.0°×1.0° from the Global Data Assimilation System(GDAS),and using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) Model,the characteristics of water vapor transport were analyzed for two landing typhoons " Jelawat" and " Haikui" that had similar tracks but large difference in precipitation distributions and the effect of water vapor on increase of heavy rainfall after landing weakness of the "Haikui" typhoon was discussed.The results showed that the maintenance duration and precipitation of "Haikui" after landing are stronger than those of " Jelawat" after landing.Water vapor transported from the inland(59.9%) plays an important role for " Jelawat".Without water supplement from the ocean,"Jelawat" declines rapidly and the precipitation intensity decreases.After the landing of "Haikui",water vapor is mostly transported from the South China Sea and Yellow Sea,which can come from two paths,one from the eastern ocean surface that travels directly into the rainfall area and the other from the southern region related to the tropical cyclone(TC) circulations.Water vapor during the first heavy precipitation event after the landing of "Haikui" is mainly coming from the ocean in the east of Japan(61.2%),and water vapor transported from the South China Sea contributes the enhancement of the second heavy precipitation event to a certain extent.Water vapor during precipitation in the southern region of Jiangsu province is mainly from the East China Sea and East China(46.3%).Water vapor and energy in the East China are both smaller than those from the southern warm ocean,and water vapor decreases gradually during long distance transportation,which probably results in the weak precipitation in the southern region of Jiangsu province.
引文
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[21]朱健,何海滨.0604和0605号台风的数值模拟与暴雨成因对比分析[J].南京气象学院学报,2008,31(4):530-538.
[22]林小红,刘爱鸣,刘通易,等.2013年“苏力”与“潭美”相似路径台风大暴雨落区差异分析[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(4):517-525.
[23]李慧琳,高松影,徐璐璐,等.影响辽东半岛两次相似路径的台风对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(1):6-13.
[24]蒋义芳,李超,曹璐,等.热带低压倒槽引发江苏东北部大暴雨过程分析[J].气象科学,2013,33(6):671-677.
[25]Ying M,Zhang W,Yu H,et al.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Oceanic Technology,2014,31(2):287-301.
[26]Draxler R R,Hess G D.An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modeling system for trajectories,dispersion and deposition[J].Australian Meteorological Magazine,1998,47(2):295-308.
[27]吴海英,陈海山,曾明剑,等.冷空气对台风“Haikui”(1211)倒槽特大暴雨作用分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(5):871-880.
[28]陈云辉,万明,吴凡,等.相似路径台风“杰拉华”和“海葵”降水差异成因分析[J].气象与减灾研究,2014,37(4):18-23.
[2]程正泉,陈联寿,徐祥德,等.近10年中国台风暴雨研究进展[J].气象,2005,31(12):3-9.
[3]陈联寿,丁一汇.西太平洋台风概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:491.
[4]李英,陈联寿,徐祥德.水汽输送影响登陆热带气旋维持和降水的数值试验[J].大气科学,2005,29(1):91-98.
[5]陈联寿,孟智勇.我国热带气旋研究十年进展[J].大气科学,2011,25(3):420-432.
[6]陈联寿,罗哲贤,李英.登陆热带气旋研究的进展[J].气象学报,2004,62(5):541-549.
[7]Li Y,Chen L S.Numerical study on impact of the boundary layer fluxes over wetland on sustention and rainfall of landfalling tropical cyclones[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2007,21(1):34-46.
[8]王黎娟,高辉,刘伟辉.西南季风与登陆台风耦合的暴雨增幅诊断及其数值模拟[J].大气科学学报,2011,34(6):662-671.
[9]戴竹君,王黎娟,管兆勇,等.登陆热带风暴“Bilis”维持和暴雨增幅与低纬水汽输送的关系及其数值试验[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(2):45-54.
[10]陈久康,丁治英,陶祖玉,等.中低纬度环流系统相互作用对登陆台风暴雨突然增幅的影响[M].北京:气象出版社,1996:52-54.
[11]盛永,陈艳秋,廖国进,等.0509号台风暴雨过程分析与暴雨灾害评估[J].气象与环境学报,2006,22(6):29-33.
[12]刘彬贤,于玉斌,吕江津,等.热带气旋“尤特”(2006)南海突然减弱的机理分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(4):28-34.
[13]沈澄,颜廷柏,刘冬晴,等.2008-2012年南京短时强降水特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(1):28-33.
[14]李英,陈联寿,王继志.登陆热带气旋长久维持与迅速消亡的大尺度环流特征[J].气象学报,2004,62(2):167-179.
[15]王捷纯.华南西部热带气旋强降水监测和预报方法研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2006.
[16]Makra L,Matyasovszky I,Guba Z,et al.Monitoring the long-range transport effects on urban PM10 levels using3D clusters of backward trajectories[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(16):2630-2641.
[17]江志红,梁卓然,刘征宇,等.2007年淮河流域强降水过程的水汽输送特征分析[J].大气科学,2011,35(2):361-372.
[18]马京津,高晓清.华北地区夏季平均水汽输送通量和轨迹的分析[J].高原气象,2006,25(5):893-899.
[19]戴竹君,王黎娟,管兆勇,等.热带风暴“Bilis”(0604)暴雨增幅前后的水汽输送轨迹路径模拟[J].大气科学,2015,39(2):422-432.
[20]杨浩,江志红,刘征宇,等.基于拉格朗日法的水汽输送气候特征分析---江淮梅雨和淮北雨季的对比[J].大气科学,2014,38(5):965-973.
[21]朱健,何海滨.0604和0605号台风的数值模拟与暴雨成因对比分析[J].南京气象学院学报,2008,31(4):530-538.
[22]林小红,刘爱鸣,刘通易,等.2013年“苏力”与“潭美”相似路径台风大暴雨落区差异分析[J].热带气象学报,2015,31(4):517-525.
[23]李慧琳,高松影,徐璐璐,等.影响辽东半岛两次相似路径的台风对比分析[J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(1):6-13.
[24]蒋义芳,李超,曹璐,等.热带低压倒槽引发江苏东北部大暴雨过程分析[J].气象科学,2013,33(6):671-677.
[25]Ying M,Zhang W,Yu H,et al.An overview of the China Meteorological Administration tropical cyclone database[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Oceanic Technology,2014,31(2):287-301.
[26]Draxler R R,Hess G D.An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modeling system for trajectories,dispersion and deposition[J].Australian Meteorological Magazine,1998,47(2):295-308.
[27]吴海英,陈海山,曾明剑,等.冷空气对台风“Haikui”(1211)倒槽特大暴雨作用分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(5):871-880.
[28]陈云辉,万明,吴凡,等.相似路径台风“杰拉华”和“海葵”降水差异成因分析[J].气象与减灾研究,2014,37(4):18-23.