南大西洋两岸盆地海相烃源岩特征与控制因素
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摘要
南大西洋两岸盆地漂移期层系油气资源十分丰富,通过对两岸重点盆地漂移期主力烃源岩发育层位、生烃潜力、识别特征和分布范围对比分析,明确两岸发育早、晚两套主力海相烃源岩。其中,晚期的赛诺曼—土仑阶海相烃源岩分布范围较广。整体上,两岸北段和赤道段盆地漂移期主力烃源岩地化指标优于中段和南段盆地,西非一侧海域盆地烃源岩地化指标优于南美一侧盆地。在对重点钻井的矿物元素化验分析、沉积相和古地理分析基础之上,总结了局限海湾的古地理背景和沉积相带类型控制优质海相烃源岩发育程度和分布范围的规律,并进一步指出南大西洋两岸北段和赤道段盆地漂移期成熟生烃灶平面分布范围内的深水沉积砂体是主要有利勘探方向,以找油为主,中段含盐盆地内紧邻盐微盆的漂移期深水沉积砂体勘探潜力次之。
Oil and gas resources are rich in drifting stages in the basins on both sides of South Atlantic. Comparative researches on main marine source rocks, including hydrocarbon generation potential, seismic facies and distribution patterns suggest that there are 2 sets of main source rocks, of which the upper is more widely distributed. In a general perspective, the geochemical indexes of main source rocks in the north and Equatorial South Atlantic basins are better than those in the central basins, while the source rocks in South American basins are also better than those in West African basins. Study of typical well data, sedimentary facies and paleogeography of main marine source rocks suggest that high-quality marine source rocks are mainly distributed in confined bays and related sedimentary facies. The first priority of exploration targets should be the deep-water deposited sandstones intercalated in the matured marine source rocks. The sandstones deposited in the drifting stages close to the salt mini-basin are also recommended.
Oil and gas resources are rich in drifting stages in the basins on both sides of South Atlantic. Comparative researches on main marine source rocks, including hydrocarbon generation potential, seismic facies and distribution patterns suggest that there are 2 sets of main source rocks, of which the upper is more widely distributed. In a general perspective, the geochemical indexes of main source rocks in the north and Equatorial South Atlantic basins are better than those in the central basins, while the source rocks in South American basins are also better than those in West African basins. Study of typical well data, sedimentary facies and paleogeography of main marine source rocks suggest that high-quality marine source rocks are mainly distributed in confined bays and related sedimentary facies. The first priority of exploration targets should be the deep-water deposited sandstones intercalated in the matured marine source rocks. The sandstones deposited in the drifting stages close to the salt mini-basin are also recommended.
引文
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[14] 杨永才,孙玉梅,李友川,等.南大西洋被动陆缘共轭盆地烃源岩分布与油气富集规律——以巴西桑托斯盆地和西非纳米贝盆地为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(2):157-167.[YANG Yongcai,SUN Yumei,LI Youchuan,et al.Distribution of the source rocks and mechannisms for petroleum enrichment in the conjugate basins on the south atlantic passive margins:cases studies from the Santos and Namibe basins[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2015,35(2):157-167.]
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[16] 杨永才,张树林,孙玉梅,等.西非宽扎盆地烃源岩分布及油气成藏[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(3):29-36.[YANG Yongcai,ZHANG Shulin,SUN Yumei,et al.Source rock distribution and petroleum accumulation in Kwanga Basin,West Africa[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(3):29-36.]
[17] 康洪全,程涛,贾怀存,等.中-新生代大陆边缘盆地海相烃源岩生烃特征[J].石油学报,2017,38(6):649-657.[KANG Hongquan,CHENG Tao,JIA Huaicun,et al.The hydrocarbon generation characteristic of marine source rock in Meso-Cenozoic continental margin basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):649-657.]
[18] 曹军,钟宁宁,邓运华,等.下刚果盆地海相烃源岩地球化学特征、成因及其发育的控制因素[J].地球科学与环境,2014,36(4):87-98.[CAO Jun,ZHONG Ningning,DENG Yunhua,et al.Geochemical characteristics,origin and factors controlling formation of marine source rock in Lower Congo basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2014,36(4):87-98.]
[19] 孔令武,赵红岩,赵佳奇,等.西非塞拉利昂-利比里亚盆地深水岩性油气藏成藏特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2018,34(11):26-32.[KONG Lingwu,ZHAO Hongyan,ZHAO Jiaqi,et al.Geological characteristic of oil and gas accumulation in the Sirra Lone-Liberia Basin,West Africa[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2018,34(11):26-32.]
[20] 刘剑平,潘校华,马君,等.陆边缘Walvis Ridge以南纳米比亚盆地的地质特征及油气意义——兼与Walvis Ridge以北盆地比较[J].中国石油勘探,2007(4):67-74,8.[LIU Jianping,PAN Xiaohua,MA Jun,et al.Geological characteristics and oil-gas significance of Nambia Baisn,South of Walvis Ridge on passive continental margin of West Africa as compared with basins in the North[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007(4):67-74,8.]
[2] 熊利平,邬长武,郭永强,等.巴西海上坎波斯与桑托斯盆地油气成藏特征对比研究[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):419-425.[XIONG,Liping,WU Changwu,GUO Yongqiang,et al.Petroleum accumulation characteristics in Campos and Santos Basins,offshore Brazil[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(4):419-425.]
[3] 刘静静,邬长武,丁峰.南大西洋两岸含盐盆地类型与油气分布规律[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(3):372-380.[LIU Jingjing,WU Changwu,DING Feng.Basin types and hydrocarbon distribution in salt basins in the South Atlantic[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2018,40(3):372-380.]
[4] 孙自明.下刚果-刚果扇盆地沉积-构造演化与油气勘探领域[J].现代地质,2016,30(6):1303-1310.[SUN Ziming.Sedimento-tectonic evolution and petroleum exploration domains of Lower Congo- Congo Fan Basin[J].Geoscience,2016,30(6):1303-1310.]
[5] 郑应钊,何等发,马彩琴,等.西非海岸盆地带大油气田形成条件与分布规律探析[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(6):1018-1024.[ZHENG Yingzhao,HENG Dengfa,MA Caiqin,et al.The forming factors and distribution rules of giant oil and gas fields in the coastal basins of West Africa[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2011,41(6):1018-1024.]
[6] 刘祚冬,李江海.西非被动大陆边缘盆地盐构造对油气的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):196-202.[LIU Zuodong,LI Jianghai.Control of salt structure on hydrocarbons in the passive continental margin of West Africa[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):196-202.]
[7] 张凤廉,屈红军,张功成,等.西非科特迪瓦盆地深水区油气地质特征及成藏主控因素[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(5):112-117.[ZHANG Fenglian,QU Hongjun,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Petroleum geological features and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in deepwater areas of Cote D’Ivoire Basin,West Africa[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2017,36(5):112-117.]
[8] Marcelo de Araujo Carvalho,Joo Graciano Mendon?a Filho,Taíssa Rêgo Menezes.Palynofacies and sequence stratigraphy of the Aptian-Albian of the Sergipe Basin,Brazil [J].Sedimentary Geology,2006,192:57-74.
[9] Nivaldo Destro.Release fault:A variety of cross fault in linked extensional fault systems,in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin,NE Brazil[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17(5):615-629.
[10] Simone Walter,Achim D Herrmann,Peter Bengtson.Stratigraphy and facies analysis of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary succession in the Japaratuba area,Sergipe Basin,Brazil[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2005,19:273-283.
[11] 康洪全,贾怀存,程涛,等.南大西洋两岸含盐盆地裂谷层序油气地质特征与油气分布特征对比[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(4):113-119.[KANG Hongquan,JIA Huaicun,CHENG Tao,et al.Compared analysis of petroleum geology and hydrocarbon accumulation of rift sequence in salt basins on both sides of South Atlantic Ocean[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2018,37(4):113-119.]
[12] 秦雁群,张光亚,梁英波,等.南大西洋深水油气分布特征、聚集规律与勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):229-240.[QIN Yanqun,ZHANG Guangya,LIANG Yingbo,et al.Distribution characteristics,accumulation rules and exploration directions of deep water hydrocarbon in South Atlantic [J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(2):229-240.]
[13] 袁圣强,吴时国,马玉波,等.南大西洋深水盆地的构造沉积演化及含油气系统[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):216-221.[YUAN Shengqiang,WU Shiguo,MA Yubo,et al.Tectono-sedimentary evolution and petroleum systems of the deepwater basin along South Atlantic ocean margin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(2):216-221.]
[14] 杨永才,孙玉梅,李友川,等.南大西洋被动陆缘共轭盆地烃源岩分布与油气富集规律——以巴西桑托斯盆地和西非纳米贝盆地为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(2):157-167.[YANG Yongcai,SUN Yumei,LI Youchuan,et al.Distribution of the source rocks and mechannisms for petroleum enrichment in the conjugate basins on the south atlantic passive margins:cases studies from the Santos and Namibe basins[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2015,35(2):157-167.]
[15] 孙涛,王建新,孙玉梅,等.西非塞内加尔盆地海相优质烃源岩控制因素讨论[J].海洋石油,2017,37(4):41-46,52.[SUN Tao,WANG Jianxin,SUN Yumei,et al.Discussion on controlling factors of excellent marine sources rocks in Senegal basin,West Africa[J].Offshore Oil,2017,37(4):41-46,52.]
[16] 杨永才,张树林,孙玉梅,等.西非宽扎盆地烃源岩分布及油气成藏[J].海洋地质前沿,2013,29(3):29-36.[YANG Yongcai,ZHANG Shulin,SUN Yumei,et al.Source rock distribution and petroleum accumulation in Kwanga Basin,West Africa[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2013,29(3):29-36.]
[17] 康洪全,程涛,贾怀存,等.中-新生代大陆边缘盆地海相烃源岩生烃特征[J].石油学报,2017,38(6):649-657.[KANG Hongquan,CHENG Tao,JIA Huaicun,et al.The hydrocarbon generation characteristic of marine source rock in Meso-Cenozoic continental margin basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(6):649-657.]
[18] 曹军,钟宁宁,邓运华,等.下刚果盆地海相烃源岩地球化学特征、成因及其发育的控制因素[J].地球科学与环境,2014,36(4):87-98.[CAO Jun,ZHONG Ningning,DENG Yunhua,et al.Geochemical characteristics,origin and factors controlling formation of marine source rock in Lower Congo basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2014,36(4):87-98.]
[19] 孔令武,赵红岩,赵佳奇,等.西非塞拉利昂-利比里亚盆地深水岩性油气藏成藏特征[J].海洋地质前沿,2018,34(11):26-32.[KONG Lingwu,ZHAO Hongyan,ZHAO Jiaqi,et al.Geological characteristic of oil and gas accumulation in the Sirra Lone-Liberia Basin,West Africa[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2018,34(11):26-32.]
[20] 刘剑平,潘校华,马君,等.陆边缘Walvis Ridge以南纳米比亚盆地的地质特征及油气意义——兼与Walvis Ridge以北盆地比较[J].中国石油勘探,2007(4):67-74,8.[LIU Jianping,PAN Xiaohua,MA Jun,et al.Geological characteristics and oil-gas significance of Nambia Baisn,South of Walvis Ridge on passive continental margin of West Africa as compared with basins in the North[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2007(4):67-74,8.]