不同水土保持措施对闽西紫色土速效养分及可蚀性的影响
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摘要
以福建省西部宁化县紫色土区梯田+杨梅+百喜草(C1)、山边沟+鱼鳞坑+金银花(C2)、隔坡梯田+鱼鳞坑+油茶(C3)、鱼鳞坑+油茶(C4)、竹节沟+乔灌草(C5)5种水土保持措施和无水土保持措施(CK)的紫色土坡地为研究对象,对比分析不同水土保持措施下闽西紫色土速效养分含量及可蚀性特征差异,并揭示土壤速效养分与可蚀性特征间的相互关系。结果表明:5种水土保持措施下紫色土速效养分含量除硝态氮外均高于CK,其中,铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量分别呈现C2>C3>C4>C1>C5>CK、C2>CK>C4>C3>C5>C1、C2>C5>C1>C3>C4>CK、C2>C1>C3>C5>C4>CK的变化规律;5种不同水土保持措施下土壤AN/AP、AN/AK均小于CK,而AP/AK则表现为C3水土保持措施均能有效促进土壤速效养分平衡。5种水土保持措施下土壤可蚀性K值均小于CK,土壤有机碳含量均高于CK,其中C2的土壤可蚀性K值最小,有机碳和砂粒含量最高。可见,在闽西紫色土坡地中布设水土保持措施能有效提高紫色土抗侵蚀能力,其中山边沟+鱼鳞坑+金银花的水土保持效果最好。紫色土速效养分与可蚀性特征联系密切,土壤可蚀性K值越大,速效养分流失越严重,速效养分含量越低。研究结果为紫色土坡地评价水土流失治理效果提供数据支撑,为水土保持措施的选择提供借鉴。
Taking the terrace+Myricarubra+Paspalum natatum(C1),hillside ditch+fish-scale pits+Lonicera japonica(C2),terraced fields with slope+fish-scale pits+Camellia oleifera(C3),fish-scale pits+Camellia oleifera(C4),slub ditch+arbor and shrub and herb(C5)five soil and water conservation measures and no measures(CK)in purple soil slope land of Ninghua County,western Fujian Province as the research object,the available nutrients contents and erodibility characteristics were compared and analyzed;and the relationships between soil available nutrients and erodibility characteristics were revealed.The results showed that the available nutrients contents of purple soil were higher than those of CK except nitrate nitrogen under 5soil and water conservation measures.The contents of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)showed the changes of C2>C3>C4>C1>C5>CK,C2>CK>C4>C3>C5>C1,C2>C5>C1>C3>C4>CK and C2>C1>C3>C5>C4>CK respectively.All the soil AN/AP and AN/AK under 5soil and water conservation measures were less than CK,while AP/AK showed C3
Taking the terrace+Myricarubra+Paspalum natatum(C1),hillside ditch+fish-scale pits+Lonicera japonica(C2),terraced fields with slope+fish-scale pits+Camellia oleifera(C3),fish-scale pits+Camellia oleifera(C4),slub ditch+arbor and shrub and herb(C5)five soil and water conservation measures and no measures(CK)in purple soil slope land of Ninghua County,western Fujian Province as the research object,the available nutrients contents and erodibility characteristics were compared and analyzed;and the relationships between soil available nutrients and erodibility characteristics were revealed.The results showed that the available nutrients contents of purple soil were higher than those of CK except nitrate nitrogen under 5soil and water conservation measures.The contents of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)showed the changes of C2>C3>C4>C1>C5>CK,C2>CK>C4>C3>C5>C1,C2>C5>C1>C3>C4>CK and C2>C1>C3>C5>C4>CK respectively.All the soil AN/AP and AN/AK under 5soil and water conservation measures were less than CK,while AP/AK showed C3
引文
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[14]宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同林地凋落物组合对土壤速效养分和微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(9):2454-2461.
[15]熊伟.福建省宁化县紫色土区不同水保措施减流减沙效应初探[J].亚热带水土保持,2017,29(4):33-36.
[16]陶禹,向风雅,任文海,等.花岗岩红壤坡面工程措施初期的水土保持效果[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):34-39.
[17]殷庆元,王章文,谭琼,等.金沙江干热河谷坡改梯及生物地埂对土壤可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):41-47.
[18]马广玉,李嘉薇,方青青,等.模拟降雨条件下典型土壤的可蚀性与养分流失特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2267-2273.
[19]成玉婷,李鹏,徐国策,等.冻融条件下土壤可蚀性对坡面氮磷流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):141-149.
[20]张玉斌,曹宁,许晓鸿,等.吉林省低山丘陵区水土保持措施对土壤颗粒组成和速效养分影响分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(20):287-291.
[21]区晓琳,陈志彪,姜超,等.植被恢复对亚热带侵蚀红壤团聚体养分分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):230-238.
[2]苏正安,熊东红,张建辉,等.紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀及其防治措施研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2018(2):42-47,69.
[3]刘刚才,游翔,张建辉,等.紫色土丘陵区小流域综合治理对水土保持的作用[J].山地学报,2007,25(5):590-595.
[4]姜超,陈志彪,陈志强,等.崩岗侵蚀对土壤速效养分质量分数及化学计量比的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(2):31-40.
[5] Xu G,Li Z,Li P,et al.Spatial variability of soil available phosphorus in a typical watershed in the source area of the middle Dan River,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(9):3953-3962.
[6]黄永东,杜应琼,陈永坚,等.生物炭基钼肥对土壤无机氮形态转化的影响[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(1):40-46.
[7]赵孝丹,赵建宁,红雨,等.转抗旱基因棉对土壤酶活性及速效养分含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(12):77-83.
[8]史东梅,陈正发,蒋光毅,等.紫色丘陵区几种土壤可蚀性K值估算方法的比较[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(1):32-38.
[9]荆莎莎,张荣华,张庆红,等.沂蒙山区典型县土壤可蚀性K值空间变异研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(2):278-284.
[10]张兵,蒋光毅,陈正发,等.紫色丘陵区土壤可蚀性因子研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):354-358.
[11]林芳,朱兆龙,曾全超,等.延河流域3种土壤可蚀性K值估算方法比较[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1136-1146.
[12]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:106-578.
[13]陈海生,王世界,赵玉明.豫中植烟区土壤速效养分的空间变异分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):78-81.
[14]宋蒙亚,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同林地凋落物组合对土壤速效养分和微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(9):2454-2461.
[15]熊伟.福建省宁化县紫色土区不同水保措施减流减沙效应初探[J].亚热带水土保持,2017,29(4):33-36.
[16]陶禹,向风雅,任文海,等.花岗岩红壤坡面工程措施初期的水土保持效果[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):34-39.
[17]殷庆元,王章文,谭琼,等.金沙江干热河谷坡改梯及生物地埂对土壤可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):41-47.
[18]马广玉,李嘉薇,方青青,等.模拟降雨条件下典型土壤的可蚀性与养分流失特征[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(8):2267-2273.
[19]成玉婷,李鹏,徐国策,等.冻融条件下土壤可蚀性对坡面氮磷流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):141-149.
[20]张玉斌,曹宁,许晓鸿,等.吉林省低山丘陵区水土保持措施对土壤颗粒组成和速效养分影响分析[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(20):287-291.
[21]区晓琳,陈志彪,姜超,等.植被恢复对亚热带侵蚀红壤团聚体养分分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):230-238.
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