黄丘区野外坡面产流产沙过程对不同植被覆盖结构的响应
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摘要
植被覆盖结构是影响坡面侵蚀过程的重要因素,通过在黄丘区罗玉沟流域开展自然植被覆盖坡面野外模拟降雨试验,分析了90 mm/h雨强条件下地下根系、地下根系+地表结皮层和地下根系+地表结皮层+植被冠层3种不同覆盖结构对坡面产流产沙过程影响。结果表明:植被根系层次对增强土壤入渗起主导作用,使土壤入渗量增加67%,稳定入渗率增加39.7%;3种植被覆盖结构中,地表结皮层对产流和产沙具有最好的调控作用,减流贡献率和减沙贡献率分别为43%和67%;根系小区和裸地小区累积产流量与累积产沙量之间呈幂函数关系,随着植被覆盖结构的叠加,累积产流量与累积产沙量之间呈线性函数的关系;多层次植被覆盖结构能够延长坡面侵蚀过程的发育期,缩短活跃期。研究结果对定量评价植被措施的减水减沙作用具有重要意义。
Vegetation cover structure is a key factor affecting slope erosion process. Based on the simulated rainfall experiment carried out on a slope covered by natural vegetation in Luoyugou watershed of loess hilly region, the effects of three different cover structures on slope runoff and sediment yield were studied under the condition of 90 mm/h rainfall intensity. These three cover structures included the underground root system, the underground root system plus the surface crust, as well as the combination of underground root system, the surface crust and the vegetation canopy. The results were as follows:(1) The root system of the vegetation played a leading role in enhancing soil infiltration, the amount of soil infiltration and the steady infiltration rate on the vegetation root slope increased by 67% and 39.7%, respectively, compared with those on bare slope.(2) For the three vegetation cover structures, the surface crust had the best regulation effect on the runoff and sediment yield, and the contribution rate of runoff reduction and sand reduction was 43% and 67%, respectively.(3) There was a power function relationship between the accumulative runoff yield and accumulative sediment yield in the vegetation root plot and the bare plot, and the relationship turned out to be linear function with the superposition of vegetation cover structure.(4) The multi-level vegetation cover structure could prolong the development period and shorten the active period of the slope erosion process. The research results were important for quantitative evaluation of the effects of vegetation measures on water and sediment reduction.
Vegetation cover structure is a key factor affecting slope erosion process. Based on the simulated rainfall experiment carried out on a slope covered by natural vegetation in Luoyugou watershed of loess hilly region, the effects of three different cover structures on slope runoff and sediment yield were studied under the condition of 90 mm/h rainfall intensity. These three cover structures included the underground root system, the underground root system plus the surface crust, as well as the combination of underground root system, the surface crust and the vegetation canopy. The results were as follows:(1) The root system of the vegetation played a leading role in enhancing soil infiltration, the amount of soil infiltration and the steady infiltration rate on the vegetation root slope increased by 67% and 39.7%, respectively, compared with those on bare slope.(2) For the three vegetation cover structures, the surface crust had the best regulation effect on the runoff and sediment yield, and the contribution rate of runoff reduction and sand reduction was 43% and 67%, respectively.(3) There was a power function relationship between the accumulative runoff yield and accumulative sediment yield in the vegetation root plot and the bare plot, and the relationship turned out to be linear function with the superposition of vegetation cover structure.(4) The multi-level vegetation cover structure could prolong the development period and shorten the active period of the slope erosion process. The research results were important for quantitative evaluation of the effects of vegetation measures on water and sediment reduction.
引文
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[4] 余新晓,张晓明,武思宏,等.黄土区林草植被与降水对坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的影响[J].山地学报,2006,24(1):19-26.
[5] 姚文艺,肖培青,申震洲,等.坡面产流过程及产沙临界对立地条件的响应关系[J].水利学报,2011,42(12):1438-1444.
[6] 温仲明,焦峰,刘宝元,等.黄土高原森林草原区退耕地植被自然恢复与土壤养分变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):21-25.
[7] 李勉,姚文艺,李占斌.黄土高原草本植被水土保持作用研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(1):74-80.
[8] 肖培青,姚文艺,申震洲,等.苜蓿草地侵蚀产沙过程及其水动力学机理试验研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(2):232-237.
[9] 张宽地,王光谦,孙晓敏,等.模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性[J].水科学进展,2014,25(6):825-834.
[10] 于国强,李占斌,张霞,等.野外模拟降雨条件下径流侵蚀产沙试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):10-14.
[11] 李强,李占斌,尤洋,等.植被格局对坡面产流产沙影响的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2007,18(5):31-34.
[12] 曹梓豪,赵清贺,丁圣彦,等.坡度和植被盖度对河岸坡面侵蚀产沙特征的影响[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(11):1892-1904.
[13] 杨坪坪,张会兰,王玉杰,等.刚性植被空间配置模式对坡面流水动力学特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):90-95.
[14] 肖培青,姚文艺,牛光辉,等.不同下垫面条件下坡面蓄水保土效益试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):65-68.
[15] 陈洪松.黄土区坡地土壤水分运动与转化试验研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003:32-33.
[16] 李林,赵允格,王一贺,等.不同类型生物结皮对坡面产流特征的影响[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(6):1013-1023.
[17] 张玉斌,郑粉莉.近地表土壤水分条件对坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):5-10.
[18] 朱永杰,毕华兴,常译方,等.90%盖度狗牙根草地对次降雨径流削减作用[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(10):103-109.
[19] 程圣东,李鹏,李聪,等.降雨-植被格局耦合作用对坡沟系统水沙特征影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(2):230-241.
[20] 吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,刘向东,等.森林枯枝落叶层涵养水源保持水土的作用评价[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(2):24-29.
[21] 常玉,余新晓,陈丽华,等.模拟降雨条件下林下枯落物层减流减沙效应[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(3):69-74.
[22] 于国强,李占斌,李鹏,等.不同植被类型的坡面径流侵蚀产沙试验研究[J].水科学进展,2010,21(5):593-599.
[2] Loch R J. Effects of vegetation cover on runoff and erosion under simulation rain and overland flow on a rehabilitated site on the Meandu Mine, Tarong, Queenlandd[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2000,38:299-312.
[3] 张光辉,梁一民.植被盖度对水土保持功效影响的研究综述[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(2):104-110.
[4] 余新晓,张晓明,武思宏,等.黄土区林草植被与降水对坡面径流和侵蚀产沙的影响[J].山地学报,2006,24(1):19-26.
[5] 姚文艺,肖培青,申震洲,等.坡面产流过程及产沙临界对立地条件的响应关系[J].水利学报,2011,42(12):1438-1444.
[6] 温仲明,焦峰,刘宝元,等.黄土高原森林草原区退耕地植被自然恢复与土壤养分变化[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(11):21-25.
[7] 李勉,姚文艺,李占斌.黄土高原草本植被水土保持作用研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(1):74-80.
[8] 肖培青,姚文艺,申震洲,等.苜蓿草地侵蚀产沙过程及其水动力学机理试验研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(2):232-237.
[9] 张宽地,王光谦,孙晓敏,等.模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性[J].水科学进展,2014,25(6):825-834.
[10] 于国强,李占斌,张霞,等.野外模拟降雨条件下径流侵蚀产沙试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):10-14.
[11] 李强,李占斌,尤洋,等.植被格局对坡面产流产沙影响的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2007,18(5):31-34.
[12] 曹梓豪,赵清贺,丁圣彦,等.坡度和植被盖度对河岸坡面侵蚀产沙特征的影响[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(11):1892-1904.
[13] 杨坪坪,张会兰,王玉杰,等.刚性植被空间配置模式对坡面流水动力学特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):90-95.
[14] 肖培青,姚文艺,牛光辉,等.不同下垫面条件下坡面蓄水保土效益试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):65-68.
[15] 陈洪松.黄土区坡地土壤水分运动与转化试验研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003:32-33.
[16] 李林,赵允格,王一贺,等.不同类型生物结皮对坡面产流特征的影响[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(6):1013-1023.
[17] 张玉斌,郑粉莉.近地表土壤水分条件对坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(2):5-10.
[18] 朱永杰,毕华兴,常译方,等.90%盖度狗牙根草地对次降雨径流削减作用[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(10):103-109.
[19] 程圣东,李鹏,李聪,等.降雨-植被格局耦合作用对坡沟系统水沙特征影响[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2016,24(2):230-241.
[20] 吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,刘向东,等.森林枯枝落叶层涵养水源保持水土的作用评价[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(2):24-29.
[21] 常玉,余新晓,陈丽华,等.模拟降雨条件下林下枯落物层减流减沙效应[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(3):69-74.
[22] 于国强,李占斌,李鹏,等.不同植被类型的坡面径流侵蚀产沙试验研究[J].水科学进展,2010,21(5):593-599.
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