不同草带覆盖位置条件下坡沟系统侵蚀产沙差异性
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摘要
以坡沟系统单元为研究对象,利用室内降雨试验,结合三维激光扫描和微地貌分析技术,研究不同草带覆盖位置下坡沟系统侵蚀产沙差异性。结果表明:一些布设在合适位置的草带能够在p<0.05水平上显著影响坡沟系统的径流量和产沙量。植被布设于坡面中下部比布设于坡面上部具有更好的水沙调控作用,植被布设于坡面长度60%时,径流量和产沙量分别减少7.35%和62.93%,直接拦沙功效优于蓄水减沙功效,水土保持功效达到最优。植被布设于坡面下部时,其侵蚀输沙过程的剧烈程度得到了缓解,植被调控侵蚀发育的作用体现。植被布设于坡面中下部时,下垫面仅有52%的区域发生侵蚀,其侵蚀输沙过程的剧烈程度明显减少,植被调控侵蚀作用有效限制了侵蚀发育。植被布设于坡面中部和中上部时,加剧了侵蚀的发育程度。研究结果有助于更好地理解植被优化配置。
In this study,the unit slope-gully system was used as the object,using indoor simulated rainfall experiments,combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology and micro topography analysis technology,the difference of erosion sediment under different grasss trip position was studied.The results showed that some rational grass strips(p<0.05)influenced both runoff and sediment yield in the slope-gully system.The regulation functions on runoff and sediment with the grass strip on the middle lower part of the slope were generally clearer than those with grass on the upper part of the slope.The optimal position for grass strips in the slope-gully system was identified as 60% of the slope length.In this location,the grass strips could effectively reduce the runoff and sediment by 7.35% and 62.93%,respectively.The water storage function of the grass strip was weak;however,its direct sediment interception function was more effective,the water and soil conservation function was optimal.When grass strip was planted in the lower part of the slope,the severity of erosion sediment transport processes was eased,and the effect of grass strip on erosion was reflected.When grass strip was planted in the middle lower part of the slope,only 52%of the underlying surface was eroded,the severity of erosion sediment transport processes was eased significantly,the regulation of vegetatione ectively controlled the erosion formation and development.When grass strip was planted in the middle part and middle upper part of the slope,extremely aggravated erosion development.The information of this study can be useful for better understanding the optimal vegetation pattern.
In this study,the unit slope-gully system was used as the object,using indoor simulated rainfall experiments,combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology and micro topography analysis technology,the difference of erosion sediment under different grasss trip position was studied.The results showed that some rational grass strips(p<0.05)influenced both runoff and sediment yield in the slope-gully system.The regulation functions on runoff and sediment with the grass strip on the middle lower part of the slope were generally clearer than those with grass on the upper part of the slope.The optimal position for grass strips in the slope-gully system was identified as 60% of the slope length.In this location,the grass strips could effectively reduce the runoff and sediment by 7.35% and 62.93%,respectively.The water storage function of the grass strip was weak;however,its direct sediment interception function was more effective,the water and soil conservation function was optimal.When grass strip was planted in the lower part of the slope,the severity of erosion sediment transport processes was eased,and the effect of grass strip on erosion was reflected.When grass strip was planted in the middle lower part of the slope,only 52%of the underlying surface was eroded,the severity of erosion sediment transport processes was eased significantly,the regulation of vegetatione ectively controlled the erosion formation and development.When grass strip was planted in the middle part and middle upper part of the slope,extremely aggravated erosion development.The information of this study can be useful for better understanding the optimal vegetation pattern.
引文
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[20] Darboux F,Davy P H,Gascuel-OdouxC,et al.Evolution of soil surface roughness and flow path connectivity in overland flow experiments[J].Catena,2001,46(2):125-139.
[21] Jin K,Cornelis W M,Gabriels D,et al.Residue cover and rainfall intensity effects on runoff soil organic carbon losses[J].Catena,2009,78(1):81-86.
[22]卢纹岱.SPSS for Windows统计分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[2] Portenga E W,Bierman P R.Understanding earth's eroding surface with 10Be[J].GSA Today,2011,21(8):4-10.
[3] Xu G C,Zhang T G,Li Z B,et al.Temporal and spatial characteristics of soil water content in diverse soil layers on land terraces of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2017,158:20-29.
[4] Li M,Yao W Y,Ding W F,et al.Effect of grass coverage on sediment yield in the hillslope-gully side erosion system[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(3):321-330.
[5] Zhang X,Zhang Y,Wen A,et al.Soil loss evaluation by using 137 Cs technique in the Upper Yangtze River Basin,China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2003,69(1):99-106.
[6] Ventura E J,Nearing M A,Norton L D.Developing a magnetic tracer to study soil erosion[J].Catena,2001,43(4):277-291.
[7]谭贞学,王占礼,王莎,等.黄土坡面细沟侵蚀过程[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):1-5.
[8] Seeger M.Uncertainty of factors determining runoff and erosion processes as quantified by rainfall simulations[J].Catena,2007,71(1):56-67.
[9] García-Ruiz J M.The effects of land uses on soil erosion in Spain:A review[J].Catena,2010,81(1):1-11.
[10] García-Ruiz J M,Regüés D,Alvera B,et al.Flood generation and sediment transport in experimental catchments affected by land use changes in the central Pyrenees[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008,356(1/2):245-260.
[11] Allen G H,Joan Q W.Climatic influences on Holocene variations in soil erosion rates on a small hill in the Mojave Desert[J].Geomorphology,2004,58(1):263-289.
[12] Benito E,Santiago J L,De Blas E,et al.Deforestation of water-repellent soils in Galicia(NW Spain):Effects on surface runoff and erosion under simulated rainfall[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2003,28(2):145-155.
[13] Pan C Z,Shangguan Z P.Runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation in sloped grassplots under simulated rainfall conditions[J].Journal of Hydrology,2006,331(1):178-185.
[14] Pan C Z,Shangguan Z P.The effects of ryegrass roots and shoots on loess erosion under simulated rainfall[J].Catena,2007,70(3):350-355.
[15] García-Ruiz J M.The effects of land uses on soil erosion in Spain:A review[J].Catena,2010,81(1):1-11.
[16] Best A C.The size distribution of raindrops[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1950,76(327):16-36.
[17] Zhang X,Yu G Q,Li Z B,et al.Experimental study on slope runoff erosion and sediment under different vegetation types[J].Water Resources Management,2014,28(9):2415-2433.
[18] Zhou J,Fu B J,Gao G Y,et al.Effects of precipitation and restoration vegetation on soil erosion in a semiarid environment in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2016,137:1-11.
[19] Rey F.Effectiveness of vegetation barriers for marly sediment trapping[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2004,29(9):1161-1169.
[20] Darboux F,Davy P H,Gascuel-OdouxC,et al.Evolution of soil surface roughness and flow path connectivity in overland flow experiments[J].Catena,2001,46(2):125-139.
[21] Jin K,Cornelis W M,Gabriels D,et al.Residue cover and rainfall intensity effects on runoff soil organic carbon losses[J].Catena,2009,78(1):81-86.
[22]卢纹岱.SPSS for Windows统计分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
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