某水力发电站全身振动职业接触评价
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摘要
目的测量水力发电站作业工人全身振动的接触水平,评价其对作业工人健康的影响。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择杭州市某水力发电站为研究对象,对作业工人巡检点和高振动水平区域的全身振动接触水平进行测量和频谱分析,并对全身振动作业工人进行舒适性和允许职业接触持续时间评价。结果该水力发电站发电机层、水轮机层、中间层和涡壳层全身振动的计权加速度的均方根值(RMS)中位数分别为0.894、0.995、1.095和0.904 m/s~2;全身振动的中心频率为1.25 Hz。105个监测点中,91.4%监测点的全身振动作业工人感觉到不舒适,甚至是非常不舒适;仅12.4%监测点作业工人的全身振动允许职业接触时间为>8.0 h,不会对其健康产生影响。结论该水力发电站存在全身振动职业接触危害,中心频率1.25 Hz以下的低频振动是该水力发电站全身振动的关键控制点。
Objective To examine the level of occupational exposure to whole body vibration( WBV) in a hydroelectric power station,and evaluate its effects on workers' health. Methods A hydroelectric power station in Hangzhou City was chosen as study subject by using judgment sampling method. The level of WBV exposure to workers and high vibration level areas were measured,and the vibration frequency was analyzed. The comfort and allowing duration of occupational exposure in WBV exposed workers was evaluated. Results The median root-mean-square of accelerometer acceleration of WBV exposure in generator floor,turbines-floor,middle-floor,hydraulic floor of the hydroelectric power station were 0. 894,0. 995,1. 095 and 0. 904 m/s~2,respectively. The central frequency of WBV in this station was 1. 25 Hz. Among the 105 monitoring spots,8. 6% of WBV exposed workers of the spots did not perceive or feel uncomfortable,but 91. 4%of them felt uncomfortable or very uncomfortable. Only 12. 4% of the WBV exposed workers tolerated more than 8 hours of WBV occupational exposure. Conclusion There is an occupational hazard of WBV in this hydroelectric power station.The low frequency vibration with central frequency below 1. 25 Hz is the key control point of the WBV of this hydroelectric power station.
Objective To examine the level of occupational exposure to whole body vibration( WBV) in a hydroelectric power station,and evaluate its effects on workers' health. Methods A hydroelectric power station in Hangzhou City was chosen as study subject by using judgment sampling method. The level of WBV exposure to workers and high vibration level areas were measured,and the vibration frequency was analyzed. The comfort and allowing duration of occupational exposure in WBV exposed workers was evaluated. Results The median root-mean-square of accelerometer acceleration of WBV exposure in generator floor,turbines-floor,middle-floor,hydraulic floor of the hydroelectric power station were 0. 894,0. 995,1. 095 and 0. 904 m/s~2,respectively. The central frequency of WBV in this station was 1. 25 Hz. Among the 105 monitoring spots,8. 6% of WBV exposed workers of the spots did not perceive or feel uncomfortable,but 91. 4%of them felt uncomfortable or very uncomfortable. Only 12. 4% of the WBV exposed workers tolerated more than 8 hours of WBV occupational exposure. Conclusion There is an occupational hazard of WBV in this hydroelectric power station.The low frequency vibration with central frequency below 1. 25 Hz is the key control point of the WBV of this hydroelectric power station.
引文
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[12]窦丹丹,王坤,巩泉泉,等.某抽水蓄能电站职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(1):57-59.
[13]张世超,吴建生.某新建水电站职业病危害预评价[J].职业卫生与病伤,2009,24(1):41-44.
[14]陈婧,马震岳.水电站厂房振动和裂缝问题的研究与治理[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(7):32-35.
[15]WANG X,HU Y,LUO S,et al.Prototype observation and influencing factors of environmental vibration induced by flood discharge[J].Water Sci Eng,2017,10(1):78-85
[16]阎蓉,严茂胜,陈青松.血管内皮损伤相关蛋白研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(4):499-501.
[17]郎丽,林瀚生,陈青松,等.手传振动接触人群血浆中4种血管调节因子与白指关系研究[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):269-274.
[18]肖斌,陈青松,林瀚生,等.手持工件打磨作业手传振动基本特征调查[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):312-315,319.
[2]Mc CALLIG M,PADDAN G,Van LENTE E,et al.Evaluating worker vibration exposures using self-reported and direct observation estimates of exposure duration[J].Appl Ergon,2010,42(1):37-45.
[3]Mc BRIDE D,PAULIN S,HERBISON G P,et al.Low back and neck pain in locomotive engineers exposed to whole-body vibration[J].Arch Environ Occup Health,2014,69(4):207-213.
[4]马震岳.水轮发电机组动力学[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2003:23-28.
[5]马震岳,董毓新.水电站机组及厂房振动的研究与治理[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004:103-105.
[6]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.机械振动与冲击人体暴露于全身振动的评价第1部分:一般要求:GB/T 13341.1—2007/ISO 2631-1:1997[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[7]卜淑敏,韩天雨.全身振动训练在运动训练和康复领域中的应用及研究进展[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(8):65-70.
[8]PASCHOLD H W.Whole-body vibration[J].Prof safety,2009,114(10):1421-1425.
[9]赵健业,杨宜谦.人体承受全身振动响应研究综述[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2016(S2):44-53.
[10]许翠娥.浅谈水电厂的职业危害与预防[J].四川水力发电,2013,32(6):153-154.
[11]张华飞,陈涛,高阳,等.抽水蓄能电站作业场所特殊职业性有害因素分析[J].吉林电力,2016,44(3):12-16.
[12]窦丹丹,王坤,巩泉泉,等.某抽水蓄能电站职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(1):57-59.
[13]张世超,吴建生.某新建水电站职业病危害预评价[J].职业卫生与病伤,2009,24(1):41-44.
[14]陈婧,马震岳.水电站厂房振动和裂缝问题的研究与治理[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(7):32-35.
[15]WANG X,HU Y,LUO S,et al.Prototype observation and influencing factors of environmental vibration induced by flood discharge[J].Water Sci Eng,2017,10(1):78-85
[16]阎蓉,严茂胜,陈青松.血管内皮损伤相关蛋白研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(4):499-501.
[17]郎丽,林瀚生,陈青松,等.手传振动接触人群血浆中4种血管调节因子与白指关系研究[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):269-274.
[18]肖斌,陈青松,林瀚生,等.手持工件打磨作业手传振动基本特征调查[J].中国职业医学,2016,43(3):312-315,319.