拉萨河水体底泥对氨氮的吸附-解吸特征
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摘要
沉积物颗粒通过对氨氮的吸附-解吸影响河水中氮素的含量。以拉萨河上直孔水电站水坝上、下的底泥以及拉萨河末端曲水县的底泥为研究对象,通过氨氮在底泥上的吸附-解吸试验,研究了拉萨河水体底泥对氨氮的吸附-解吸能力及其影响因素。结果表明:在试验的条件范围内,温度和盐度对底泥吸附氨氮的能力影响不大,pH值的增高会提高底泥对氨氮的吸附能力;各底泥对氨氮的吸附是一种分配过程;水坝的截留使坝上底泥中氨氮的本底值含量较高而坝下底泥中砂质含量较高;3种底泥对氨氮的吸附能力表现为直孔坝下>直孔坝上>曲水,其解吸能力表现为直孔坝上>曲水>直孔坝下;由于拉萨河地处西藏高原,土壤矿化、有机质含量低,拉萨河底泥对氨氮的吸附能力普遍比平原地区底泥弱。本研究可了解大坝建设等人类活动对拉萨河水环境的影响,为合理利用拉萨河水资源提供科学依据。
Sediment affects the nitrogen content in river water through the adsorption-desorption of ammonia nitrogen.Taking the upstream sediments(ZK-UP)and downstream sediments(ZK-DOWN) of the Dam of Zhikong Hydropower Station on the Lhasa River and the sediments of Qushui County(QS)at the end of the Lhasa River as the research objects,this paper studies the adsorption-desorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen on the sediment and its influencing factors through the adsorption-desorption test of ammonia nitrogen on the sediment.The results show that the ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity is enhanced as the increasing of pH and shows no obvious changes with the variations of temperature and salinity at the experimental conditions.The adsorption of ammonia nitrogen on the three kinds of sediment is a distribution process.The interception of Zhikong dam results in higher ammonia nitrogen content in the upstream sediment and higher sand content in the downstream sediment.The ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacities of sediments are in order of ZK-DOWN>ZK-UP>QS,while the desorption capacities are in order of ZK-UP>QS>ZK-DOWN.Due to the high altitude,the content of mineral organic matter in the soil is low,the adsorption capacities of the sediments in Lhasa River for ammonia nitrogen are generally less than that of the sediments in the plain area.This study can understand the impact of human activities such as dam construction on the water environment of the Lhasa River and provide scientific basis for rational utilization of the water resources of the Lhasa River.
Sediment affects the nitrogen content in river water through the adsorption-desorption of ammonia nitrogen.Taking the upstream sediments(ZK-UP)and downstream sediments(ZK-DOWN) of the Dam of Zhikong Hydropower Station on the Lhasa River and the sediments of Qushui County(QS)at the end of the Lhasa River as the research objects,this paper studies the adsorption-desorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen on the sediment and its influencing factors through the adsorption-desorption test of ammonia nitrogen on the sediment.The results show that the ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity is enhanced as the increasing of pH and shows no obvious changes with the variations of temperature and salinity at the experimental conditions.The adsorption of ammonia nitrogen on the three kinds of sediment is a distribution process.The interception of Zhikong dam results in higher ammonia nitrogen content in the upstream sediment and higher sand content in the downstream sediment.The ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacities of sediments are in order of ZK-DOWN>ZK-UP>QS,while the desorption capacities are in order of ZK-UP>QS>ZK-DOWN.Due to the high altitude,the content of mineral organic matter in the soil is low,the adsorption capacities of the sediments in Lhasa River for ammonia nitrogen are generally less than that of the sediments in the plain area.This study can understand the impact of human activities such as dam construction on the water environment of the Lhasa River and provide scientific basis for rational utilization of the water resources of the Lhasa River.
引文
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[11]张清华,孙平安,何师意,等.西藏拉萨河流域河水主要离子化学特征及来源[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1065-1075.
[12]龚晨.西藏拉萨河流域水化学时空变化及影响因素研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.
[13]李筱金,徐琳瑜.拉萨河流域水电开发带来的河岸带土壤特征变化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(5):148-156.
[14]沈大军,陈传友,苏人琼.拉萨河水资源合理利用研究[J].自然资源学报,1996,11(4):373-376.
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[17]He J,Deng W,Chen C,et al.Ammonia nitrogen adsorption and release characteristics of surface sediments in Dianchi Lake,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):3917-3927.
[18]卢俊平.基于水-底泥-降尘三相界面下沙源区水库氮磷污染机理研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[19]王建林,陈家坊,赵美芝.可变电荷表面对磷的吸附与解吸动力学[J].环境科学学报,1989,9(4):437-445.
[20]Mackin J E,Aller R C.Ammonium adsorption in marine sediments[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1984,29(2):250-257.
[21]Rosenfeld J K.Ammonium adsorption in nearshore anoxic sediments[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1979,24(2):356-364.
[22]Bola?ek J,Graca B.Ammonia nitrogen at the water-sediment interface in Puck Bay (Baltic Sea)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1996,43(6):767-779.
[23]范成新,相崎守弘.好氧和厌氧条件对霞浦湖沉积物-水界面氮磷交换的影响[J].湖泊科学,1997,9(4):337-342.
[24]刘晓清,王亚萍,张振文,等.陕西红碱淖湖底表层沉积物粒度特征[J].地球环境学报,2013,4(4):1371-1378.
[25]唐艳.几种覆盖材料抑制湖泊污染底泥氮释放的试验研究[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(4):27-30.
[26]王功芹,朱珠,张硕.海州湾表层沉积物中氮的赋存形态及其生态意义[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):450-457.
[27]Hou L J,Liu M,Jiang H Y,et al.Ammonium adsorption by tidal flat surface sediments from the Yangtze Estuary[J].Environmental Geology,2003,45(1):72-78.
[28]Rysgaard S,Thastum P,Dalsgaard T,et al.Effects of salinity on NH+4 adsorption capacity,nitrification,and denitrification in Danish estuarine sediments[J].Estuaries,1999,22(1):21-30.
[29]翟丽华,刘鸿亮,徐红灯,等.浙江某农场土壤和沟渠沉积物对氨氮的吸附研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(8):1770-1773.
[30]Wang J,Wang S,Jin X,et al.Ammonium release characteristics of the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region,China[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(1):37-45.
[31]彭丹,金峰,吕俊杰,等.滇池底泥中有机质的分布状况研究[J].土壤,2004,36(5):568-572.
[32]Wang S,Jin X,Zhao H,et al.Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area in China[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2006,273(1/2/3):109-116.
[2] 张智,刘亚丽,段秀举.湖泊底泥释磷预测模型及控制研究[J].安全与环境工程,2005,12(4):1-4.
[3] 米娟.滇池沉积物-水界面中氮的赋存形态及其在循环中的作用[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2011.
[4] 汪雅露,袁华茂,宋金明,等.胶州湾沉积物-海水界面溶解无机氮的迁移特征及其影响因素解析[J].海洋科学,2017,41(3):104-114.
[5] 汪淼,严红,焦立新,等.滇池沉积物氮内源负荷特征及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):218-226.
[6] Gardner W S,Seitzinger S P,Malczyk J M.The effects of sea salts on the forms of nitrogen released from estuarine and freshwater sediments:Does ion pairing affect ammonium flux?[J].Estuaries,1991,14(2):157-166.
[7] Boatman C D,Murray J W.Modeling exchangeable NH+4 adsorption in marine sediments:Process and controls of adsorption[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1982,27(1):99-110.
[8] 季现超,李海波,余艳艳,等.河口区稻田退水后沟渠底泥氨氮的吸附行为[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(32):148-153.
[9] 刘刚才,王小丹,刘淑珍.西藏自治区的土壤理化特性探讨[J].山地学报,2003,21(增刊):54-57.
[10]王芸.拉萨河中上游原生动物群落结构特征及其与水环境之间的关系[D].拉萨:西藏大学,2017.
[11]张清华,孙平安,何师意,等.西藏拉萨河流域河水主要离子化学特征及来源[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1065-1075.
[12]龚晨.西藏拉萨河流域水化学时空变化及影响因素研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.
[13]李筱金,徐琳瑜.拉萨河流域水电开发带来的河岸带土壤特征变化研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(5):148-156.
[14]沈大军,陈传友,苏人琼.拉萨河水资源合理利用研究[J].自然资源学报,1996,11(4):373-376.
[15]倪忠云.西藏曲水-桑日地区生态地质环境承载力研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.
[16]中国环境监测总站.国家地表水环境质量监测网监测任务作业指导书[S].北京:环境保护部,2017.
[17]He J,Deng W,Chen C,et al.Ammonia nitrogen adsorption and release characteristics of surface sediments in Dianchi Lake,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):3917-3927.
[18]卢俊平.基于水-底泥-降尘三相界面下沙源区水库氮磷污染机理研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[19]王建林,陈家坊,赵美芝.可变电荷表面对磷的吸附与解吸动力学[J].环境科学学报,1989,9(4):437-445.
[20]Mackin J E,Aller R C.Ammonium adsorption in marine sediments[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1984,29(2):250-257.
[21]Rosenfeld J K.Ammonium adsorption in nearshore anoxic sediments[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1979,24(2):356-364.
[22]Bola?ek J,Graca B.Ammonia nitrogen at the water-sediment interface in Puck Bay (Baltic Sea)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1996,43(6):767-779.
[23]范成新,相崎守弘.好氧和厌氧条件对霞浦湖沉积物-水界面氮磷交换的影响[J].湖泊科学,1997,9(4):337-342.
[24]刘晓清,王亚萍,张振文,等.陕西红碱淖湖底表层沉积物粒度特征[J].地球环境学报,2013,4(4):1371-1378.
[25]唐艳.几种覆盖材料抑制湖泊污染底泥氮释放的试验研究[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(4):27-30.
[26]王功芹,朱珠,张硕.海州湾表层沉积物中氮的赋存形态及其生态意义[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):450-457.
[27]Hou L J,Liu M,Jiang H Y,et al.Ammonium adsorption by tidal flat surface sediments from the Yangtze Estuary[J].Environmental Geology,2003,45(1):72-78.
[28]Rysgaard S,Thastum P,Dalsgaard T,et al.Effects of salinity on NH+4 adsorption capacity,nitrification,and denitrification in Danish estuarine sediments[J].Estuaries,1999,22(1):21-30.
[29]翟丽华,刘鸿亮,徐红灯,等.浙江某农场土壤和沟渠沉积物对氨氮的吸附研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(8):1770-1773.
[30]Wang J,Wang S,Jin X,et al.Ammonium release characteristics of the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region,China[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(1):37-45.
[31]彭丹,金峰,吕俊杰,等.滇池底泥中有机质的分布状况研究[J].土壤,2004,36(5):568-572.
[32]Wang S,Jin X,Zhao H,et al.Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area in China[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2006,273(1/2/3):109-116.
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