河口海岸区域离岸压力式水位测量的误差分析与质量控制方法
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摘要
基于定量计算结果和实测数据分析了不同影响因素对河口海岸区域压力式水位测量的误差影响,并探讨了相应质量控制方法,可为在水温、盐度、含沙量等影响水体密度的要素复杂多变、床面冲淤变化频繁的河口海岸区域开展离岸压力式水位测量工作提供理论指导和借鉴。结果表明:1)河口海岸区域离岸压力式水位测量误差来源主要包括压力传感器老化,气压变化,水温、盐度、含沙量变化导致的水体密度变化,重力加速度估值误差,水位计坐底安装架体失稳等5个方面的影响因素。其中,水温、盐度、含沙量变化导致的水体密度变化和水位计坐底安装架体失稳两个方面的影响因素为河口海岸区域内更易出现的误差来源。2)可行的河口海岸区域离岸压力式水位测量针对性质量控制措施主要包括:(1)定期校核、标定压力传感器压电转换关系;(2)测量作业前应将可用压力式水位计置于相同室内环境下测试数小时,避免使用空气压力测试值明显与多数仪器偏差较大的仪器个体;(3)实测测点水域同步海表气压过程;(4)尽可能在浅水区测量并同步监测水温、盐度和含沙量要素;(5)基于测区实际纬度估算重力加速度;(6)增强坐底架体稳定性并动态加密监测压力式水位测量零点。
Based on the quantitative calculation results and the measured data,the influence factors and quality control methods of the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area are analyzed. It can provide theoretical guidance and reference for offshore water level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area with complex and varied water temperature,salinity,suspended sediment concentration and so on. The results show that: 1) Errors of the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge mainly caused by the aging of the pressure sensor,the variation of the water's temperature,salinity and suspended sediment concentration,inaccurate estimates of the gravity acceleration,bed-sitting frame instability and etc. Among them,the variation of water density caused by variations of water temperature,salinity,suspended sediment concentration and the bed-sitting frame instability are the most important error sources to the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area. 2) Feasible quality control methods of the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area include:(1) verifying and calibrating the pressure sensor 's piezoelectric conversion data periodically;(2) in advance testing all the pressure sensor in a same indoor environment for several hours,and refusing to use the ones that air pressure test value are significantly different from the majority ones;(3) simultaneously measuring the surface air pressure of the measuring station;(4) deploying the pressure sensor as shallow as possible, and simultaneously measuring the water temperature,salinity and suspended sediment concentration at the measuring station;(5)estimating gravity acceleration based on the actual latitude of the survey area;(6)enhancing the stability of the bed-sitting frame,and dynamically measuring the pressure sensor measurement datum.
Based on the quantitative calculation results and the measured data,the influence factors and quality control methods of the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area are analyzed. It can provide theoretical guidance and reference for offshore water level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area with complex and varied water temperature,salinity,suspended sediment concentration and so on. The results show that: 1) Errors of the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge mainly caused by the aging of the pressure sensor,the variation of the water's temperature,salinity and suspended sediment concentration,inaccurate estimates of the gravity acceleration,bed-sitting frame instability and etc. Among them,the variation of water density caused by variations of water temperature,salinity,suspended sediment concentration and the bed-sitting frame instability are the most important error sources to the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area. 2) Feasible quality control methods of the offshore water-level measurement using pressure sensor gauge in estuarine and coastal area include:(1) verifying and calibrating the pressure sensor 's piezoelectric conversion data periodically;(2) in advance testing all the pressure sensor in a same indoor environment for several hours,and refusing to use the ones that air pressure test value are significantly different from the majority ones;(3) simultaneously measuring the surface air pressure of the measuring station;(4) deploying the pressure sensor as shallow as possible, and simultaneously measuring the water temperature,salinity and suspended sediment concentration at the measuring station;(5)estimating gravity acceleration based on the actual latitude of the survey area;(6)enhancing the stability of the bed-sitting frame,and dynamically measuring the pressure sensor measurement datum.
引文
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[2]王玉春,方荣华,杨建宇,等.TGR-2050型验潮仪在珠江口潮汐测量中的应用分析[J].海洋测绘,2013(1):63-65+68.
[3]肖付民,孙新轩,边刚,等.自容式压力验潮仪水位观测值影响因素与改正[J].海洋测绘,2014,34(2):35-37+75.
[4]阮锐.潮汐测量与验潮技术的发展[J].海洋技术,2001(3):68-71.
[5]舒乃秋,毛慧和,徐登华.压力式液位传感器在原型水位观测中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,1996(4):58-60.
[6]GIBBONS D T,JONES G,SIEGEL E,et al.Performance of a new submersible tide-wave recorder[C]Proceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTSIEEE.Washington:IEEE,2005:1057-1060.
[7]丰建勤.压力式水位计应用及精度分析[J].海洋测绘,2002(2):52-54.
[8]肖付民,赵江,陈日高,等.三种验潮方法水位观测性能比较与统计分析[J].海洋测绘,2009,29(3):24-27.
[9]张淑芝.浅海压力式验潮仪的精确度[J].海洋技术,1994(2):28-33.
[10]刘雷,缪锦根,李宝森.压力式验潮仪零点漂移检测及修正方法研究[J].海洋测绘,2010,30(4):73-75.
[11]阮锐.重力、温度和盐度对压力验潮精度的影响[J].海洋测绘,2004(3):58-59.
[12]FOFONOFF N P,JR.MILLARD R C.Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater[M].Paris:UNESCO,1983:15-19.
[13]GTZE H.International gravity formula[M].Netherlands:Springer Netherlands,2011:611-612.
[14]阎锡臣,王崇明,张彦昌.压力式自动验潮仪数据处理中相关问题研究[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2013,30(2):18-21.