复方中草药对大鳞副泥鳅生长、消化酶及抗氧化能力的影响
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摘要
为探讨复方中草药对大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus生长、体成分、消化酶和抗氧化能力的影响,试验设置对照组(不添加中草药)、复方Ⅰ组(板蓝根Radix isatidis、大黄Chinese rhubarb)、复方Ⅱ组(大青叶Folium isatidis、大黄)、复方Ⅲ组(黄芪Astragalus membranaceus、黄柏Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)、复方Ⅳ(甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis、五倍子Galla chinensis)5个试验组,每组设3个平行,每个平行放体质量为(8.42±0.13)g的泥鳅30尾,各组饲料按基础饲料的3‰添加复方中草药(复方比例为1∶1),在室内15个水箱(80 cm×80 cm×100 cm)中进行了60 d的大鳞副泥鳅养殖试验。结果表明:复方Ⅰ组与复方Ⅲ组大鳞副泥鳅增重率、特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);复方Ⅰ组饲料转化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),复方Ⅱ组与复方Ⅲ组饲料转化率略高于对照组(P>0.05);复方Ⅰ组与复方Ⅱ组粗蛋白质含量略高于对照组(P>0.05);复方Ⅰ组、复方Ⅱ组与复方Ⅲ组粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活力以复方Ⅲ组最高(P<0.05),其余复方组肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活力与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),各复方组肠道中胰蛋白酶活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);大鳞副泥鳅肝胰腺与肠道中脂肪酶活力均以复方Ⅲ组最高;各复方组SOD活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);复方Ⅳ组与对照组的AKP活力显著低于其他3个复方组(P<0.05),对照组MDA含量显著高于各复方组(P<0.05),复方Ⅰ组与复方Ⅲ组T-AOC活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,复方中草药可促进大鳞副泥鳅生长、消化,提高机体抗氧化能力,其中以复方Ⅰ组和复方Ⅲ组效果最佳。
Juvenile loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus with body weight of(8.42±0.13)g were reared in fifteen tanks of each 80 cm×80 cm×100 cm at a density of 30 fish per tank and fed basal diet(as control group), and diets containing Chinese herbal medicine compoundⅠ(Radix isatidis and Rheum officinale), compoundⅡ(Folium isatidis and Rheum officinale), compound Ⅲ(Astragalus membranaceus and Phellodendron amurense Rupr.), compound Ⅳ(Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Galla chinensis) at water temperature of(23.5±1.8)℃ for 60 days to find out the effects of compound Chinese herb medicines on growth, body composition, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant ability of the loach and to provide scientific basis for the healthy culture of the loach. The results showed that there were significantly higher weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR) in the fish fed diets containing compound Ⅰand compound Ⅲ than those in the control group(P<0.05). The fish in compound Ⅰ group had significantly higher feed conversion efficiency(FCE) than the fish in the control group did(P<0.05), with slightly higher FCE in compound Ⅱ and compound Ⅲ groups than the fish in the control group did(P>0.05). There was slightly higher crude protein level in the fish fed the diets supplemented with compound Ⅰ and compound Ⅱ than that in the fish fed the basal diet, and significantly higher crude fat in the fish fed the diets containing compound Ⅰ, compound Ⅱ and compound Ⅲ than that in the fish fed the basal diet(P<0.05). The maximal activity of trypsin in hepatopancreas was observed in the fish in compound Ⅲ group(P<0.05), without significant difference between the other compound Chinese herb medicines groups and the control group. The activity of trypsin in intestinal tract was shown to be significantly higher in the fish fed the diets containing compound Chinese herb medicines than that in the control group(P<0.05). The maximal activity of lipase in both hepatopancreas and intestine was found in the fish in compound Ⅲ group. There was significantly higher serum SOD activity in each compound Chinese herb medicine group than that in the control group(P<0.05). The serum AKP activity was significantly decreased in control group than compound Ⅰ, compound Ⅱ and compound Ⅲ groups(P<0.05). In control group, however, the malondialdehyde(MDA) level was significantly higer than in each compound group(P<0.05). The T-AOC activity was significantly higher in compound Ⅰ and compound Ⅲ groups than that in the control group(P<0.05). It is approved that compound Chinese herb medicines can promote growth, body composition, digestion, and antioxidant ability, especially compound Ⅰ and compound Ⅲ.
Juvenile loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus with body weight of(8.42±0.13)g were reared in fifteen tanks of each 80 cm×80 cm×100 cm at a density of 30 fish per tank and fed basal diet(as control group), and diets containing Chinese herbal medicine compoundⅠ(Radix isatidis and Rheum officinale), compoundⅡ(Folium isatidis and Rheum officinale), compound Ⅲ(Astragalus membranaceus and Phellodendron amurense Rupr.), compound Ⅳ(Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Galla chinensis) at water temperature of(23.5±1.8)℃ for 60 days to find out the effects of compound Chinese herb medicines on growth, body composition, digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant ability of the loach and to provide scientific basis for the healthy culture of the loach. The results showed that there were significantly higher weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR) in the fish fed diets containing compound Ⅰand compound Ⅲ than those in the control group(P<0.05). The fish in compound Ⅰ group had significantly higher feed conversion efficiency(FCE) than the fish in the control group did(P<0.05), with slightly higher FCE in compound Ⅱ and compound Ⅲ groups than the fish in the control group did(P>0.05). There was slightly higher crude protein level in the fish fed the diets supplemented with compound Ⅰ and compound Ⅱ than that in the fish fed the basal diet, and significantly higher crude fat in the fish fed the diets containing compound Ⅰ, compound Ⅱ and compound Ⅲ than that in the fish fed the basal diet(P<0.05). The maximal activity of trypsin in hepatopancreas was observed in the fish in compound Ⅲ group(P<0.05), without significant difference between the other compound Chinese herb medicines groups and the control group. The activity of trypsin in intestinal tract was shown to be significantly higher in the fish fed the diets containing compound Chinese herb medicines than that in the control group(P<0.05). The maximal activity of lipase in both hepatopancreas and intestine was found in the fish in compound Ⅲ group. There was significantly higher serum SOD activity in each compound Chinese herb medicine group than that in the control group(P<0.05). The serum AKP activity was significantly decreased in control group than compound Ⅰ, compound Ⅱ and compound Ⅲ groups(P<0.05). In control group, however, the malondialdehyde(MDA) level was significantly higer than in each compound group(P<0.05). The T-AOC activity was significantly higher in compound Ⅰ and compound Ⅲ groups than that in the control group(P<0.05). It is approved that compound Chinese herb medicines can promote growth, body composition, digestion, and antioxidant ability, especially compound Ⅰ and compound Ⅲ.
引文
[1] 曾本和,廖增艳,吴双,等.饲料脂肪水平对大鳞副泥鳅幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1105-1113.
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[3] 赵振山,高贵琴,印杰,等.泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析[J].水利渔业,1999,19(2):16-17.
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[5] Bricknell I,Dalmo R A.The use of immunostimulants in fish larval aquaculture[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2005,19(5):457-472.
[6] Jian Jichang,Wu Zaohe.Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson)[J].Aquaculture,2003,218(1-4):1-9.
[7] 彭翔,夏磊,张洪玉,等.板蓝根对施氏鲟幼鱼抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(6):573-577.
[8] 明建华,谢骏,徐跑,等.大黄素、维生素C及其配伍对团头鲂感染嗜水气单胞菌后生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(3):588-601.
[9] 李中辉,魏跃钢.中药大青叶、黄柏、龙胆草对小鼠皮肤炎症反应的影响[J].中国麻风皮肤病杂志,2015,31(5):288-289,291.
[10] 线婷,王荻,刘红柏.黄芪、甘草、茯苓对施氏鲟非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(3):365-369.
[11] 郭海燕,于丽娟,王川,等.五倍子对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼血液生理生化指标的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(3):42-48.
[12] 李超,张其中,杨莹莹,等.不同剂量复方中草药免疫增强剂对草鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(4):534-540.
[13] 姜志强,史会来,赵翀.中草药添加剂对真鲷幼鱼生长和蛋白质消化吸收的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):63-67.
[14] 马玲巧,彭晓珍,李大鹏.复方中草药添加剂对施氏鲟肌肉营养成分及品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(3):111-116.
[15] 唐宁,何晓瑾,何晓冬,等.复方中草药对克氏原螯虾生长和脱壳的影响[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(6):70-73.
[16] 冯全英,周永灿,谢珍玉,等.中草药及其在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科技情报,2006,33(6):251-254.
[17] 索贞,任敏,周好田.黄芪的化学成分及现代药理[J].现代医院,2005,5(9):85-86.
[18] 唐铭坚,谭礼萍,刘争红,等.大黄的药理活性研究进展[J].中国热带医学,2012,12(7):886-889.
[19] 齐茜,刘洪柏,麦丽开,等.复方中草药对闪光鲟生长及血液生化指标的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(1):160-167.
[20] 张照红.复方中草药对罗非鱼、草鱼生长性能和非特异免疫功能的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[21] 孔江红.复方中草药对斜带石斑鱼生长性能及非特异性免疫功能的影响[D].厦门:集美大学,2011.
[22] 王吉桥,祁彩霞,程爱香,等.黄芪、熟地和山楂等中草药对黄颡鱼生长和消化的影响[J].水产学杂志,2008,21(1):34-41.
[23] 邱小琮,周洪琪,横山雅仁,等.中草药添加剂对异育银鲫肌肉生化成分的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2003,12(1):24-28.
[24] Ziaei-Nejad S,Rezaei M H,Takami G A,et al.The effect of Bacillus spp.Bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity,survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus[J].Aquaculture,2006,252(2-4):516-524.
[25] 丁贤,李卓佳,陈永青,等.复合中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长和消化酶活力的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2007,27(1):22-26.
[26] 陈辉辉,涂晨凌,唐杨,等.复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫因子活性及抗WSSV的影响[J].水产学报,2017,41(11):1766-1778.
[27] 何吉祥,李海洋,胡王,等.4种添加剂对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(2):189-194.
[28] 亢玉静,郎明远,赵文.水生生物体内抗氧化酶及其影响因素研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2013,33(3):75-80.
[29] Pugh S Y,Diguiseppi J L,FridovichI.Induction of superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli by manganese and iron[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1984,160(1):137-142.
[30] 孙晓飞.棕点石斑鱼中草药免疫增强剂的筛选及其非特异性免疫增强效果研究[D].海口:海南大学,2014.
[31] 张意敏,刘志刚,卢迈新,等.复方中草药对尼罗罗非鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(1):67-72.
[32] 崔晓翠,王印庚,陈霞,等.槟榔、川楝子复方中草药对大黄鱼4种酶活性的影响及对刺激隐核虫的杀灭效果分析[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):362-373.
[33] 向枭,陈建,周兴华,等.黄芪多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长、体组成和免疫指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(2):291-299.
[34] 崔惟东,冷向军,李小勤,等.虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响[J].水产学报,2009,33(6):987-995.
[35] 孙裔雷,王荻,刘红柏.复方中草药对虹鳟抗氧化能力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(2):170-174.
[2] 王敏,王卫民,鄢建龙.泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅年龄与生长的比较研究[J].水利渔业,2001,21(1):7-9.
[3] 赵振山,高贵琴,印杰,等.泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅营养成分分析[J].水利渔业,1999,19(2):16-17.
[4] Nayak S K.Probiotics and immunity:a fish perspective[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2010,29(1):2-14.
[5] Bricknell I,Dalmo R A.The use of immunostimulants in fish larval aquaculture[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2005,19(5):457-472.
[6] Jian Jichang,Wu Zaohe.Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson)[J].Aquaculture,2003,218(1-4):1-9.
[7] 彭翔,夏磊,张洪玉,等.板蓝根对施氏鲟幼鱼抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(6):573-577.
[8] 明建华,谢骏,徐跑,等.大黄素、维生素C及其配伍对团头鲂感染嗜水气单胞菌后生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(3):588-601.
[9] 李中辉,魏跃钢.中药大青叶、黄柏、龙胆草对小鼠皮肤炎症反应的影响[J].中国麻风皮肤病杂志,2015,31(5):288-289,291.
[10] 线婷,王荻,刘红柏.黄芪、甘草、茯苓对施氏鲟非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(3):365-369.
[11] 郭海燕,于丽娟,王川,等.五倍子对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼血液生理生化指标的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(3):42-48.
[12] 李超,张其中,杨莹莹,等.不同剂量复方中草药免疫增强剂对草鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2011,20(4):534-540.
[13] 姜志强,史会来,赵翀.中草药添加剂对真鲷幼鱼生长和蛋白质消化吸收的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):63-67.
[14] 马玲巧,彭晓珍,李大鹏.复方中草药添加剂对施氏鲟肌肉营养成分及品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(3):111-116.
[15] 唐宁,何晓瑾,何晓冬,等.复方中草药对克氏原螯虾生长和脱壳的影响[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(6):70-73.
[16] 冯全英,周永灿,谢珍玉,等.中草药及其在水产养殖中的应用[J].水产科技情报,2006,33(6):251-254.
[17] 索贞,任敏,周好田.黄芪的化学成分及现代药理[J].现代医院,2005,5(9):85-86.
[18] 唐铭坚,谭礼萍,刘争红,等.大黄的药理活性研究进展[J].中国热带医学,2012,12(7):886-889.
[19] 齐茜,刘洪柏,麦丽开,等.复方中草药对闪光鲟生长及血液生化指标的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(1):160-167.
[20] 张照红.复方中草药对罗非鱼、草鱼生长性能和非特异免疫功能的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[21] 孔江红.复方中草药对斜带石斑鱼生长性能及非特异性免疫功能的影响[D].厦门:集美大学,2011.
[22] 王吉桥,祁彩霞,程爱香,等.黄芪、熟地和山楂等中草药对黄颡鱼生长和消化的影响[J].水产学杂志,2008,21(1):34-41.
[23] 邱小琮,周洪琪,横山雅仁,等.中草药添加剂对异育银鲫肌肉生化成分的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2003,12(1):24-28.
[24] Ziaei-Nejad S,Rezaei M H,Takami G A,et al.The effect of Bacillus spp.Bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity,survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus[J].Aquaculture,2006,252(2-4):516-524.
[25] 丁贤,李卓佳,陈永青,等.复合中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长和消化酶活力的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报,2007,27(1):22-26.
[26] 陈辉辉,涂晨凌,唐杨,等.复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶和免疫因子活性及抗WSSV的影响[J].水产学报,2017,41(11):1766-1778.
[27] 何吉祥,李海洋,胡王,等.4种添加剂对异育银鲫生长、消化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(2):189-194.
[28] 亢玉静,郎明远,赵文.水生生物体内抗氧化酶及其影响因素研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2013,33(3):75-80.
[29] Pugh S Y,Diguiseppi J L,FridovichI.Induction of superoxide dismutases in Escherichia coli by manganese and iron[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1984,160(1):137-142.
[30] 孙晓飞.棕点石斑鱼中草药免疫增强剂的筛选及其非特异性免疫增强效果研究[D].海口:海南大学,2014.
[31] 张意敏,刘志刚,卢迈新,等.复方中草药对尼罗罗非鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(1):67-72.
[32] 崔晓翠,王印庚,陈霞,等.槟榔、川楝子复方中草药对大黄鱼4种酶活性的影响及对刺激隐核虫的杀灭效果分析[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):362-373.
[33] 向枭,陈建,周兴华,等.黄芪多糖对齐口裂腹鱼生长、体组成和免疫指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(2):291-299.
[34] 崔惟东,冷向军,李小勤,等.虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响[J].水产学报,2009,33(6):987-995.
[35] 孙裔雷,王荻,刘红柏.复方中草药对虹鳟抗氧化能力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(2):170-174.