“南美白对虾+罗氏沼虾+鳗鲡”混养模式研究
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摘要
[目的]为提高南美白对虾淡水池塘养殖综合效益,开展"南美白对虾+罗氏沼虾+鳗鲡"生态混养模式与技术研究。[方法]试验采用10口池塘(5.33 hm~2),共设计3种不同放养密度,其中T_1组4口塘(2.00 hm~2),放养南美白对虾45.0万尾/hm~2、罗氏沼虾30.0万尾/hm~2;T_2组2口池塘(共1.33 hm~2),放养南美白对虾60.0万尾/hm~2、罗氏沼虾15.0万尾/hm~2;T_3组4口塘(共2.00 hm~2),放养南美白对虾75.0万尾/hm~2、罗氏沼虾7.5万尾/hm~2。3组均再放养鳗鲡300尾/hm~2。[结果]T_1组平均产值25.65万元/hm~2,平均利润12.75万元/hm~2;各组效益从高到低依次为T_1组、T_3组、T_2组,投入产出比从大到小依次为T_1组(T_3组)、T_2组;各组虾类养殖整体存活率从大到小依次为T_1组、T_2组、T_3组。[结论]"南美白对虾+罗氏沼虾+鳗鲡"池塘混养是一种可行的养殖模式,推荐以南美白对虾与罗氏沼虾放养密度1.5∶1,虾苗总放养密度以75.0万尾/hm~2为宜。
[Objective]In order to improve the comprehensive benefits of freshwater pond culture of Penaeus vannamei Boone,the polyculture model and technology of "Penaeus vannamei+Macrobrachium rosenbergii+Anguilla japonica" were studied.[Method]10 ponds(total area of 5.33 hm~2)were used in the test,three breeding densities were chosen.4 ponds(2.00 hm~2)were used in T_1 group,in which 450 thousands P.vannamei/hm~2 + 300 thousands M.rosenbergii/hm~2were stocked. 2 ponds(1.33 hm~2) were used in T_2 group,in which 600 thousands P.vannamei/hm~2 + 150 thousands M.rosenbergii/hm~2were stocked. 4 ponds(2.00 hm~2)were used in T_3 group,in which 750 thousands P.vannamei/hm~2 + 75 thousands M.rosenbergii/hm~2 were stocked.Furthermore,300 fish/hm~2 A.japonica was stocked in each group.[Result]The average output value was 256.5 thousands yuan/hm~2and the average benefit was 127.5 thousands yuan/hm~2 in T_1 group. The benefit in each group ranked as T_1>T_3>T_2,the output-input ratio ranked as T_1=T_3>T_2,and the overall survival rate of shrimps ranked as T_1>T_2>T_3.[Conclusion]The polyculture model of "P.vannamei+M.rosenbergii+A.japonica" was feasible,and the suitable breeding density ratio of P.vannamei to M.rosenbergii was 1.5∶1 and total breeding density of total shrimps was 750 thousands/hm~2.
[Objective]In order to improve the comprehensive benefits of freshwater pond culture of Penaeus vannamei Boone,the polyculture model and technology of "Penaeus vannamei+Macrobrachium rosenbergii+Anguilla japonica" were studied.[Method]10 ponds(total area of 5.33 hm~2)were used in the test,three breeding densities were chosen.4 ponds(2.00 hm~2)were used in T_1 group,in which 450 thousands P.vannamei/hm~2 + 300 thousands M.rosenbergii/hm~2were stocked. 2 ponds(1.33 hm~2) were used in T_2 group,in which 600 thousands P.vannamei/hm~2 + 150 thousands M.rosenbergii/hm~2were stocked. 4 ponds(2.00 hm~2)were used in T_3 group,in which 750 thousands P.vannamei/hm~2 + 75 thousands M.rosenbergii/hm~2 were stocked.Furthermore,300 fish/hm~2 A.japonica was stocked in each group.[Result]The average output value was 256.5 thousands yuan/hm~2and the average benefit was 127.5 thousands yuan/hm~2 in T_1 group. The benefit in each group ranked as T_1>T_3>T_2,the output-input ratio ranked as T_1=T_3>T_2,and the overall survival rate of shrimps ranked as T_1>T_2>T_3.[Conclusion]The polyculture model of "P.vannamei+M.rosenbergii+A.japonica" was feasible,and the suitable breeding density ratio of P.vannamei to M.rosenbergii was 1.5∶1 and total breeding density of total shrimps was 750 thousands/hm~2.
引文
[1] 农业农村部渔业渔政管理局.2018年中国渔业年鉴统计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2018.
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[5] 戚正梁.南美白对虾与中华鳖生态高效混养的多种模式及其关键技术[J].水产养殖,2016(9):41-42.
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[9] 迟晓,黄佳祺,王学勃.海水池塘虾鱼贝蟹综合生态立体混养试验[J].河北渔业,2007(4):27-28.
[10] 曹永军,张敏,董乔仕,等.南美白对虾与罗氏沼虾高效养殖试验[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(31):118-119,141.
[11] 沈亦军,朱邦科,徐开崇,等.南美白对虾与罗氏沼虾池塘套养试验[J].现代农业科技,2017(17):231,241.
[12] BURFORD M A,WILLIAMS K C.The fate of nitrogenous waste from shrimp feeding[J].Aquaculture,2001,198(1/2)∶79-93.
[13] 李志斐,李家磊,王金林,等.混养鲮对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(1):126-133.
[14] 徐秀林.南美白对虾养殖池混养青虾试验[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(5):272-274.
[15] 包特力根白乙.中国鳗鲡养殖产业发展及市场展望[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(11):249-251.
[16] 陈红,刘邦辉,方彰胜,等.三种不同的养殖模式对日本鳗鲡生长性能及养殖水质的影响[J].广西农学报,2015,30(5):46-50.
[2] 李志斐,王广军,谢骏,等.对虾混养技术研究进展[J].水产科学,2017,36(5):683-687.
[3] 施慧,许文军,谢建军,等.舟山地区大棚凡纳滨对虾生长缓慢病因的调查分析[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):387-394.
[4] 陈智慧,郝贵杰,杭小英,等.影响南美白对虾苗种质量的关键因素研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(9):126-127,133.
[5] 戚正梁.南美白对虾与中华鳖生态高效混养的多种模式及其关键技术[J].水产养殖,2016(9):41-42.
[6] 刘庆明,骆大鹏,邱名毅,等.虱目鱼与南美白对虾生态高效混养模式研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(14):100-102.
[7] 华建权,陈贤龙.南美白对虾池塘套养名优品种调查与研究[J].渔业致富指南,2012(7):52-55.
[8] 梁志辉,王志成,杨家林,等.锯缘青蟹大眼幼体与凡纳滨对虾混养试验[J].水产科学,2007,26(11):606-609.
[9] 迟晓,黄佳祺,王学勃.海水池塘虾鱼贝蟹综合生态立体混养试验[J].河北渔业,2007(4):27-28.
[10] 曹永军,张敏,董乔仕,等.南美白对虾与罗氏沼虾高效养殖试验[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(31):118-119,141.
[11] 沈亦军,朱邦科,徐开崇,等.南美白对虾与罗氏沼虾池塘套养试验[J].现代农业科技,2017(17):231,241.
[12] BURFORD M A,WILLIAMS K C.The fate of nitrogenous waste from shrimp feeding[J].Aquaculture,2001,198(1/2)∶79-93.
[13] 李志斐,李家磊,王金林,等.混养鲮对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘浮游生物群落结构的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(1):126-133.
[14] 徐秀林.南美白对虾养殖池混养青虾试验[J].水产科技情报,2014,41(5):272-274.
[15] 包特力根白乙.中国鳗鲡养殖产业发展及市场展望[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(11):249-251.
[16] 陈红,刘邦辉,方彰胜,等.三种不同的养殖模式对日本鳗鲡生长性能及养殖水质的影响[J].广西农学报,2015,30(5):46-50.