采用生物沥浸法和化学法调理深度脱水污泥的堆肥效果:生产性试验
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摘要
利用生物沥浸法和以添加石灰与三氯化铁为代表的化学法对污泥进行调理,继而采用隔膜厢式压滤机深度脱水是目前在我国应用较为广泛的工艺,但系统比较两种工艺所产生的污泥的堆肥效果的研究还很鲜见.为此,本试验分别对相同来源的污泥用两种方法进行调理后再用机械脱水,将获得的污泥饼进行工程化高温好氧堆肥,并以相同来源的常规脱水污泥(CS,指含水率80%左右的污泥)作为对照,探究其堆肥过程及产品性质的差异.结果表明,采用条垛式堆肥(条垛底宽2.8 m、高1.2 m、长10 m),生物沥浸污泥(BS)和石灰调理污泥(LS)堆肥所需辅料仅为CS的9.1%.尽管BS堆体中的NH+4-N含量始终最高,但其氨气挥发量仅为LS堆体的9.7%和CS堆体的31.4%.42 d时各堆体的CO2释放速率和水溶性C/N相比堆肥前均明显下降,说明堆体均已腐熟.LS堆肥产品的种子发芽指数(GI)仅为57.3%,而BS堆肥产品和CS堆肥产品的GI均为90%左右,显然后两者对种子的毒害已完全消除.此外,BS堆肥产品中的养分含量(N+P2O5+K2O)明显高于LS堆肥产品和CS堆肥产品,总养分分别高出28.5%和73.0%;其速效养分指标WSN亦分别高出40.6%和102%.综上所述,较之LS堆肥或CS堆肥,采用BS高温堆肥不仅可以显著减少辅料的添加量,且其堆肥过程中的氨气损失少,堆肥产品腐熟度好,养分含量高,因此,污泥生物沥浸处理-高温发酵技术是对推动堆肥后土地利用极有帮助的深度脱水工艺和资源化方法.
Bioleaching involving in A.ferrooxidans and chemical conditioning by jointly adding lime,FeCl_3,and PAM have been widely adopted for improving sludge dewaterability in China.However,little information is available on the comparison of the composting as well as the compost product qualities of the advanced dewatered sludge cakes with moisture content of about 60% or below from two kinds of above-mentioned conditioning method.Here we reported the composting performance of bioleached sludge cake(BS) and lime conditioned dewatered sludge cake(LS) with comparison to conventional dewatered sludge cakes(CS).Three sludge cakes were collected from the same origin,with about 60% moisture for the first two sludges and 80% moisture for the last one.Three full-scale windrow composting with pile bottom width of 2.8 m,height of 1.2 m,and length of 10 m were performed for BS,LS,and CS in Wuxi Lucun Sludge Composting Plant,Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province,China.The results showed that the amount of bulking agent requirement in composting of BS and LS was only 9.1% of CS composting owing to much lower moisture content in the first two piles.Although the content of NH+4-N in BS pile was significantly and consistently higher than other two piles during the whole period,the cumulative ammonia volatilization in BS pile was unexpectedly about 9.7% and 31.4% of LS and CS piles,respectively.The temperature dynamics of piles and the lower CO_2 production rate and water-soluble C/N ratio in three piles at day 42 of composting indicated that three composting products have become mature after 42 d composting.Moreover,the germination index(GI) of both of BS and CS compost products increased to 90%,but the GI of LS compost product merely reached 57.3%,implying the phytotoxicity of the latter wasn't yet eliminated completely.Furthermore,the total nutrient content(N+P_2O_5+K_2O) and available N of BS compost product were obviously higher than the other two products,as exhibiting that total nutrient content of BS compost product was 28.5% and 73.0% higher than that of LS and CS compost products,respectively.Also,water-soluble N of BS product was 40.6% and 102% higher than LS and CS compost products,respectively.Therefore,BS compost is deserved to be widely applied because it has many advantages including reducing bulking agent amount drastically and improving the quality of composting products.
Bioleaching involving in A.ferrooxidans and chemical conditioning by jointly adding lime,FeCl_3,and PAM have been widely adopted for improving sludge dewaterability in China.However,little information is available on the comparison of the composting as well as the compost product qualities of the advanced dewatered sludge cakes with moisture content of about 60% or below from two kinds of above-mentioned conditioning method.Here we reported the composting performance of bioleached sludge cake(BS) and lime conditioned dewatered sludge cake(LS) with comparison to conventional dewatered sludge cakes(CS).Three sludge cakes were collected from the same origin,with about 60% moisture for the first two sludges and 80% moisture for the last one.Three full-scale windrow composting with pile bottom width of 2.8 m,height of 1.2 m,and length of 10 m were performed for BS,LS,and CS in Wuxi Lucun Sludge Composting Plant,Wuxi City,Jiangsu Province,China.The results showed that the amount of bulking agent requirement in composting of BS and LS was only 9.1% of CS composting owing to much lower moisture content in the first two piles.Although the content of NH+4-N in BS pile was significantly and consistently higher than other two piles during the whole period,the cumulative ammonia volatilization in BS pile was unexpectedly about 9.7% and 31.4% of LS and CS piles,respectively.The temperature dynamics of piles and the lower CO_2 production rate and water-soluble C/N ratio in three piles at day 42 of composting indicated that three composting products have become mature after 42 d composting.Moreover,the germination index(GI) of both of BS and CS compost products increased to 90%,but the GI of LS compost product merely reached 57.3%,implying the phytotoxicity of the latter wasn't yet eliminated completely.Furthermore,the total nutrient content(N+P_2O_5+K_2O) and available N of BS compost product were obviously higher than the other two products,as exhibiting that total nutrient content of BS compost product was 28.5% and 73.0% higher than that of LS and CS compost products,respectively.Also,water-soluble N of BS product was 40.6% and 102% higher than LS and CS compost products,respectively.Therefore,BS compost is deserved to be widely applied because it has many advantages including reducing bulking agent amount drastically and improving the quality of composting products.
引文
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鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析(第3版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社
程文,耿震,张新彦.2015.污水厂污泥深度脱水工程的优化探讨[J].中国给水排水,31(16):62-64
El Fels L,Zamama M,El Asli A,et al.2014.Assessment o biotransformation of organic matter during co-composting of sewage sludge-lignocelullosic waste by chemical,FTIR analyses,and phytotoxicity tests[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,87:128-137
冯仕训,程文.2016.无锡市惠山污水处理厂污泥深度脱水工程设计[J].市政技术,(5):143-145
高云航,勾长龙,王雨琼,等.2014.低温复合菌剂对牛粪堆肥发酵影响的研究[J].环境科学学报,34(12):3166-3170
Hu W,Zheng G,Fang D,et al.2015.Bioleached sludge composting drastically reducing ammonia volatilization as well as decreasing bulking agent dosage and improving compost quality:A case study[J].Waste Management,44:55-62
胡伟桐,李喆,羊鹏程,等.2014.生物沥浸污泥饼高温堆肥系统工艺设计及运行效果[J].给水排水,40(7):16-21
胡伟桐,余雅琳,李喆,等.2015.不同调理剂对生物沥浸污泥堆肥氮素损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,(12):2379-2385
康军,张增强,贾程,等.2009.污泥好氧堆肥过程中有机质含量的变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):118-124
Liu J.1995.Predicting compost stability[J].Compost Science&Utilization,3(2):8-15
Medina S,Krasnovsky A,Raviv M,et al.2002.conserving nitrogen during composting[j].Biocycle,43(9):48-50
Meng L,Li W,Zhang S,et al.2017.Feasibility of co-composting of sewage sludge,spent mushroom substrate and wheat straw[J].Bioresource Technology,226:39-45
Pagans E,Barrena R,Font X,et al.2006.Ammonia emissions from the composting of different organic wastes.Dependency on process temperature[J].Chemosphere,62(9):1534-1542
Qian X,Shen G,Wang Z,et al.2014.Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw:Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system[J].Waste Management,34(2):530-535
钱宝,刘凌,肖潇.2011.土壤有机质测定方法对比分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),39(1):34-38
Singh R P,Agrawal M.2008.Potential benefits and risks of land application of sewage sludge[J].Waste Management,28(2):347-358
上海市政工程设计研究总院,上海市园林科学研究所,上海市城市排水有限公司.2007.CJ248-2007.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质[S]上海:上海市政工程设计研究总院,上海市园林科学研究所,上海市城市排水有限公司
Tognetti C,Mazzarino M J,Laos F.2007.Improving the quality of municipal organic waste compost[J].Bioresource Technology,98(5):1067-1076
Wong J W C,Fung S O,Selvam A.2009.Coal fly ash and lime addition enhances the rate and efficiency of decomposition of food waste during composting[J].Bioresource Technology,100(13):3324-3331
王岩,娄新乾,王文亮,等.2003.水分调节材料对牛粪堆肥氨气挥发的影响[J].农村生态环境,19(4):56-58
许金泉,程文,耿震,等.2013.无锡市芦村污水处理厂污泥深度脱水工程设计[J].中国给水排水,29(8):34-36
Yanez R,Alonso J L,Díaz M J.2009.Influence of bulking agent on sewage sludge composting process[J].Bioresource Technology,100(23):5827-5833
于文华,濮文虹,时亚飞,等.2013.阳离子表面活性剂与石灰联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响[J].环境化学,32(9):1785-1791
Zucconi F,Pera A,Forte M,et al.1981.Evaluating toxicity of immature compost[J].Biocycle,22(2):54-57
周立祥.2012.污泥生物沥浸处理技术及其工程应用[J].南京农业大学学报,35(5):154-166
周立祥.2007.固体废物处理处置与资源化[M].北京:中国农业出版社
朱南文.2016.土地填埋、干化焚烧、资源利用-我国城镇污水厂污泥处理处置技术应用的路线思考[J].净水技术,35(5):1-5
鲍士旦.2000.土壤农化分析(第3版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社
程文,耿震,张新彦.2015.污水厂污泥深度脱水工程的优化探讨[J].中国给水排水,31(16):62-64
El Fels L,Zamama M,El Asli A,et al.2014.Assessment o biotransformation of organic matter during co-composting of sewage sludge-lignocelullosic waste by chemical,FTIR analyses,and phytotoxicity tests[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,87:128-137
冯仕训,程文.2016.无锡市惠山污水处理厂污泥深度脱水工程设计[J].市政技术,(5):143-145
高云航,勾长龙,王雨琼,等.2014.低温复合菌剂对牛粪堆肥发酵影响的研究[J].环境科学学报,34(12):3166-3170
Hu W,Zheng G,Fang D,et al.2015.Bioleached sludge composting drastically reducing ammonia volatilization as well as decreasing bulking agent dosage and improving compost quality:A case study[J].Waste Management,44:55-62
胡伟桐,李喆,羊鹏程,等.2014.生物沥浸污泥饼高温堆肥系统工艺设计及运行效果[J].给水排水,40(7):16-21
胡伟桐,余雅琳,李喆,等.2015.不同调理剂对生物沥浸污泥堆肥氮素损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,(12):2379-2385
康军,张增强,贾程,等.2009.污泥好氧堆肥过程中有机质含量的变化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):118-124
Liu J.1995.Predicting compost stability[J].Compost Science&Utilization,3(2):8-15
Medina S,Krasnovsky A,Raviv M,et al.2002.conserving nitrogen during composting[j].Biocycle,43(9):48-50
Meng L,Li W,Zhang S,et al.2017.Feasibility of co-composting of sewage sludge,spent mushroom substrate and wheat straw[J].Bioresource Technology,226:39-45
Pagans E,Barrena R,Font X,et al.2006.Ammonia emissions from the composting of different organic wastes.Dependency on process temperature[J].Chemosphere,62(9):1534-1542
Qian X,Shen G,Wang Z,et al.2014.Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw:Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system[J].Waste Management,34(2):530-535
钱宝,刘凌,肖潇.2011.土壤有机质测定方法对比分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),39(1):34-38
Singh R P,Agrawal M.2008.Potential benefits and risks of land application of sewage sludge[J].Waste Management,28(2):347-358
上海市政工程设计研究总院,上海市园林科学研究所,上海市城市排水有限公司.2007.CJ248-2007.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质[S]上海:上海市政工程设计研究总院,上海市园林科学研究所,上海市城市排水有限公司
Tognetti C,Mazzarino M J,Laos F.2007.Improving the quality of municipal organic waste compost[J].Bioresource Technology,98(5):1067-1076
Wong J W C,Fung S O,Selvam A.2009.Coal fly ash and lime addition enhances the rate and efficiency of decomposition of food waste during composting[J].Bioresource Technology,100(13):3324-3331
王岩,娄新乾,王文亮,等.2003.水分调节材料对牛粪堆肥氨气挥发的影响[J].农村生态环境,19(4):56-58
许金泉,程文,耿震,等.2013.无锡市芦村污水处理厂污泥深度脱水工程设计[J].中国给水排水,29(8):34-36
Yanez R,Alonso J L,Díaz M J.2009.Influence of bulking agent on sewage sludge composting process[J].Bioresource Technology,100(23):5827-5833
于文华,濮文虹,时亚飞,等.2013.阳离子表面活性剂与石灰联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响[J].环境化学,32(9):1785-1791
Zucconi F,Pera A,Forte M,et al.1981.Evaluating toxicity of immature compost[J].Biocycle,22(2):54-57
周立祥.2012.污泥生物沥浸处理技术及其工程应用[J].南京农业大学学报,35(5):154-166
周立祥.2007.固体废物处理处置与资源化[M].北京:中国农业出版社
朱南文.2016.土地填埋、干化焚烧、资源利用-我国城镇污水厂污泥处理处置技术应用的路线思考[J].净水技术,35(5):1-5