南极磷虾酶解液脱氟工艺研究
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摘要
为了探讨南极磷虾酶解液的高效脱氟工艺,首先比较了脱氟剂对含氟化钠溶液和南极磷虾酶解液的氟脱除效果差异,筛选出适合酶解液的最佳脱氟剂,以脱氟率和蛋白损失率为指标,采用正交试验优化酶解液脱氟工艺,最后对其氨基酸组成进行了分析。试验结果表明:聚合氯化铝对酶解液的脱氟效果最好,脱氟率为93.96%,而几丁质则完全没有脱氟能力。不同的无机钙盐对酶解液的氟脱除效果差异很大,其中氢氧化钙对酶解液的脱氟率高达71.28%,而磷酸一氢钙仅为2.17%;有机钙盐对酶解液的脱氟效果差异不大,脱氟率均超过50%。选用氢氧化钙作为脱氟剂,最优脱氟工艺条件为添加量0.5%,磷酸(1+5)调节反应pH为6.5,反应时间60min,温度40℃,此时的蛋白损失率和氨氮损失率分别为8.57%和8.26%,脱氟率高达99.27%,脱氟后酶解液氟含量仅为0.30mg/kg。氨基酸分析表明脱氟后酶解液的酪氨酸和胱氨酸损失严重,但是总氨基酸和必需氨基酸分别仅下降5.03%和2.71%。此工艺具有操作简便、反应时间短、成本低、营养价值损失少等优点,可为低氟南极磷虾产品的工业化生产提供理论依据。
To investigate the efficient defluorination technology of Antarctic krill protein hydrolysate,the defluorination of sodium fluoride aqueous solution and Antarctic krill protein hydrolysate by adding different fluoride removal agents are studied.Taking defluorination rate and protein loss rate as evaluation index,the orthogonal experiments are carried out to optimize the defluorination of hydrolysate with selected materials.Finally,the effect of defluorination treatment on the amino acid composition of hydrolysate is studied.The result show that polyaluminium chloride possesses the best fluoride removal efficiency for the defluorination of hydrolysate,with defluoridation rate of 93.96%,while chitin has no defluorination ability.The fluoride removal efficiency of inorganic calcium varies significantly for the defluorination of krill hydrolysate,calcium hydroxide shows the highest defluorination rate of 71.28%,while calcium hydrophosphate has defluorination rate of 2.71%.There's no much difference in fluoride removal efficiency of organic calcium,and its defluoridation rate is over 50%.Calcium hydroxide is selected as defluorination material,and the optimal conditions by orthogonal experiments are as follows:additive amount of 0.5%,phosphoric acid as acidulating agent,reaction pH of 6.5,reaction time of 60 min,reaction temperature of 40 ℃.Under the above conditions,the defluorination rate is as high as 99.27%,protein loss rate and amino nitrogen loss rate are 8.57%and 8.26%respectively.After fluoride removal treatment,the fluoride content of hydrolysate is 0.30 mg/kg.Amino acid composition shows that tyrosine and cystine are damaged severely,but the total amino acid and essential amino acid are decreased merely 5.03% and 2.71% respectively.Therefore,the optimized defluorination process is not only easy to operate,but also costs less and has little effect on nutrition.These results can provide a certain theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Antarctic krill with low fluoride content.
To investigate the efficient defluorination technology of Antarctic krill protein hydrolysate,the defluorination of sodium fluoride aqueous solution and Antarctic krill protein hydrolysate by adding different fluoride removal agents are studied.Taking defluorination rate and protein loss rate as evaluation index,the orthogonal experiments are carried out to optimize the defluorination of hydrolysate with selected materials.Finally,the effect of defluorination treatment on the amino acid composition of hydrolysate is studied.The result show that polyaluminium chloride possesses the best fluoride removal efficiency for the defluorination of hydrolysate,with defluoridation rate of 93.96%,while chitin has no defluorination ability.The fluoride removal efficiency of inorganic calcium varies significantly for the defluorination of krill hydrolysate,calcium hydroxide shows the highest defluorination rate of 71.28%,while calcium hydrophosphate has defluorination rate of 2.71%.There's no much difference in fluoride removal efficiency of organic calcium,and its defluoridation rate is over 50%.Calcium hydroxide is selected as defluorination material,and the optimal conditions by orthogonal experiments are as follows:additive amount of 0.5%,phosphoric acid as acidulating agent,reaction pH of 6.5,reaction time of 60 min,reaction temperature of 40 ℃.Under the above conditions,the defluorination rate is as high as 99.27%,protein loss rate and amino nitrogen loss rate are 8.57%and 8.26%respectively.After fluoride removal treatment,the fluoride content of hydrolysate is 0.30 mg/kg.Amino acid composition shows that tyrosine and cystine are damaged severely,but the total amino acid and essential amino acid are decreased merely 5.03% and 2.71% respectively.Therefore,the optimized defluorination process is not only easy to operate,but also costs less and has little effect on nutrition.These results can provide a certain theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Antarctic krill with low fluoride content.
引文
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[13]陈红红,黄丽玫,毋福海.人造沸石的载铁改性及除去水中氟的性能[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):80-84.
[14]Wang Z,Yin X.Comparison of the defluoridation efficiency of calcium phosphate and chitin in the exoskeleton of Antarctic krill[J].Advances in Polar Science,2012,23(3):149-154.
[15]Zhang Haisheng,Cheng Xianhao,Pan Jianming,et al.Biogeochemistry research of fluoride in Antarctic Ocean.The study of fluoride anomaly in krill[J].Antarctic Res,1993(4):55-61.
[16]毕华银,熊咏民,奕唯真,等.磷酸钙改水降氟的实验研究[J].西安医科大学学报,1993,14(1):90-92.
[17]Yang M,Zhang Y,Shao B,et al.Precipitative removal of fluoride from electronics wastewater[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2001,127(10):902-907.
[18]Adler H,Klein G,Lindsay F K.Removal of fluorides from potable water by tricalcium phosphate[J].Ind Eng Chem,2002,30:163-165.
[19]Ando J,Toya E,Matsuno S.Effects of fluorine upon coagulation precipitation of phosphate by lime addition[J].Inorganic Materials,1984,189:76-82.
[20]Gogoi S,Nath S K,Bordoloi S,et al.Fluoride removal from groundwater by limestone treatment in presence of phosphoric acid[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,152:132-139.
[2]Kim K M,Lee D S,Nam M H,et al.Optimization of alcalase for krill byproduct hydrolysis and antioxidative activities by response surface methodology[J].Preventive Nutrition and Food Science,2010,15(4):316-321.
[3]Zhao L,Yin B,Liu Q,et al.Purification of antimicrobial peptide from Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)and its function mechanism[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2013,12(3):484-490.
[4]Wang Y,Wang S,Wang J,et al.Preparation and anti-osteoporotic activities in vivo of phosphorylated peptides from Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba)[J].Peptides,2015,68:239-245.
[5]Hatanaka A,Miyahara H,Suzuki K I,et al.Isolation and identification of antihypertensive peptides from Antarctic krill tail meat hydrolysate[J].Journal of Food Science,2009,74(4):116-120.
[6]陆英,刘仲华.茶叶中氟的研究进展[J].吉首大学学报:自然科学版,2004,25(4):84-88.
[7]李红艳.南极磷虾酶解液脱氟技术的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.
[8]吕传萍,李学英,杨宪时,等.生石灰降低南极磷虾酶解液中氟含量的研究[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(12):106-110.
[9]郭帆,施文正,汪之和.南极磷虾酶解液脱氟工艺的研究[J].食品工业科技,2016(9):41.
[10]王灵昭.南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)蛋白质深加工新技术研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[11]Nath S K,Dutta R K.Significance of calcium containing materials for defluoridation of water:a review[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2015,53(8):2070-2085.
[12]Sollo F W J,Larson T E,Mueller H F.Fluoride removal from potable water supplies[J].Illinois State Water Survey,1978,36(9):136.
[13]陈红红,黄丽玫,毋福海.人造沸石的载铁改性及除去水中氟的性能[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(3):80-84.
[14]Wang Z,Yin X.Comparison of the defluoridation efficiency of calcium phosphate and chitin in the exoskeleton of Antarctic krill[J].Advances in Polar Science,2012,23(3):149-154.
[15]Zhang Haisheng,Cheng Xianhao,Pan Jianming,et al.Biogeochemistry research of fluoride in Antarctic Ocean.The study of fluoride anomaly in krill[J].Antarctic Res,1993(4):55-61.
[16]毕华银,熊咏民,奕唯真,等.磷酸钙改水降氟的实验研究[J].西安医科大学学报,1993,14(1):90-92.
[17]Yang M,Zhang Y,Shao B,et al.Precipitative removal of fluoride from electronics wastewater[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2001,127(10):902-907.
[18]Adler H,Klein G,Lindsay F K.Removal of fluorides from potable water by tricalcium phosphate[J].Ind Eng Chem,2002,30:163-165.
[19]Ando J,Toya E,Matsuno S.Effects of fluorine upon coagulation precipitation of phosphate by lime addition[J].Inorganic Materials,1984,189:76-82.
[20]Gogoi S,Nath S K,Bordoloi S,et al.Fluoride removal from groundwater by limestone treatment in presence of phosphoric acid[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,152:132-139.