樱桃番茄叶片气孔特征和气体交换过程对NaCl胁迫的响应
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摘要
为探讨樱桃番茄叶片气孔特征和气体交换过程对盐胁迫的响应机理,通过向营养液中添加NaCl盐,配制成0(对照)、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 mol/L浓度的Na Cl营养液,在人工气候箱条件下对樱桃番茄幼苗进行为期21 d的光照培养。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl溶液对气孔长度、气孔周长、气孔宽度和气孔形状指数均产生显著影响(P<0.05),但其最大值均小于对照。随着Na Cl浓度的增加净光合反应速率(Pn)呈明显下降趋势,且在重度Na Cl胁迫(0.25 mol/L)下Pn同其他盐浓度处理的差异均为显著水平(P<0.05)。同时,樱桃番茄叶片的蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)和细胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)随NaCl浓度的增加而降低,且与对照存在显著差异(P<0.05)。另外,NaCl胁迫导致樱桃番茄叶片水平的水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)降低,尤其是重度Na Cl胁迫(0.25 mol/L)的WUE比对照显著降低48%(P<0.05)。此外,叶绿素含量随NaCl浓度增加先升高后降低。可见,NaCl胁迫条件下叶片通过调整单个气孔形态(气孔开度大小)和气孔分布特征(气孔密度和空间分布格局)优化气体交换效率,但其在重度盐胁迫下优化气体交换效率的能力却非常有限。研究结果可为樱桃番茄耐盐品种选育和盐碱地丰产增收提供依据。
Salinity stress due to the increased use of non-potable water resources for irrigation imposes major limitations on plant growth in salt-affected soils, and meanwhile excessive salinity in the soil may cause osmotic and ionic stresses leading to various physiological and morphological damages to plants. In order to examine the responses of stomatal traits and gas exchange of cherry tomato to salinity stress, we grew cherry tomato seedlings in growth chambers for 21 days with different NaCl concentrations of nutrition medium including 0(CK), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 mol/L. The parameters related to stomata of leaf were measured. The photosynthesis characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly increased the stomatal density of cherry tomato leaves(P<0.05), and obvious differences on the stomatal density were found among different NaCl stresses. By contrast, the stomatal length, stomatal width, stomatal perimeter, and stomatal shape index of cherry tomato seedlings were substantially decreased by NaCl stress(P<0.05) with the minimal values of stomatal length, stomatal width, stomatal perimeter, stomatal area, and stomatal shape index under the NaCl concentration of 0.15 mol/L. Moreover, we also found that the spatial distribution pattern of stomata was scale dependent with regular patterns at small scales and random patterns at larger scales on cherry tomato leaves. NaCl stress significantly changed the spatial distribution pattern of stomata with a substantial increase in the average nearest neighbor distance between stomata under the NaCl concentrations of 0.05, 0.20, and 0.25 mol/L, whereas the nearest neighbor distance between stomata was obviously decreased with salinity treatments of the NaCl concentrations of 0.10 and 0.15 mol/L. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of cherry tomato seedling was gradually decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations, and the Pn under severe NaCl stress(0.25 mol/L) was significantly different with that of the other NaCl concentrations(P<0.05). Compared to CK, the leaf Pn of cherry tomato seedling were marginally decreased by 47%, 71%, 77%,78%和 89%(P<0.05) with NaCl concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 mol/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the transpiration rates(T_r), stomatal conductance(G_s), and intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) were also substantially decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations, and significantly lower than the CK(P<0.05). As a result, salinity stress resulted in decline of leaf water use efficiency(water use efficiency, WUE), especially for the WUE under severe NaCl stress(0.25 mol/L) and under the severe stress the WUE was significantly decreased by 48% than that of CK(P<0.05). In addition, the chlorophyll contents(chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, and chlorophyll a/b) featured bell-shaped curves with the increases of NaCl stress and all the maximal values of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b were at the NaCl concentration of 0.05 mol/L. The NaCl stress higher than 0.10 mol/L significantly decreased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b(P<0.05), especially for the cherry tomato under severe NaCl stress of 0.25 mol/L. These results suggested that cherry tomato may maximize the leaf gas exchange efficiency through changing both the aperture size and shape of single stoma and the stomatal distribution(stomatal density and spatial distribution pattern of stomata) under NaCl stress, although the ability for maximizing leaf gas exchange efficiency was limited under higher salinity stress. Our results are not only important for understanding the relationships among stomatal traits, leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll content under salinity stress, but also provide data and theoretical support for planting cherry tomato on saline alkali soil and selection salinity tolerance cherry tomato cultivars.
Salinity stress due to the increased use of non-potable water resources for irrigation imposes major limitations on plant growth in salt-affected soils, and meanwhile excessive salinity in the soil may cause osmotic and ionic stresses leading to various physiological and morphological damages to plants. In order to examine the responses of stomatal traits and gas exchange of cherry tomato to salinity stress, we grew cherry tomato seedlings in growth chambers for 21 days with different NaCl concentrations of nutrition medium including 0(CK), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 mol/L. The parameters related to stomata of leaf were measured. The photosynthesis characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly increased the stomatal density of cherry tomato leaves(P<0.05), and obvious differences on the stomatal density were found among different NaCl stresses. By contrast, the stomatal length, stomatal width, stomatal perimeter, and stomatal shape index of cherry tomato seedlings were substantially decreased by NaCl stress(P<0.05) with the minimal values of stomatal length, stomatal width, stomatal perimeter, stomatal area, and stomatal shape index under the NaCl concentration of 0.15 mol/L. Moreover, we also found that the spatial distribution pattern of stomata was scale dependent with regular patterns at small scales and random patterns at larger scales on cherry tomato leaves. NaCl stress significantly changed the spatial distribution pattern of stomata with a substantial increase in the average nearest neighbor distance between stomata under the NaCl concentrations of 0.05, 0.20, and 0.25 mol/L, whereas the nearest neighbor distance between stomata was obviously decreased with salinity treatments of the NaCl concentrations of 0.10 and 0.15 mol/L. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of cherry tomato seedling was gradually decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations, and the Pn under severe NaCl stress(0.25 mol/L) was significantly different with that of the other NaCl concentrations(P<0.05). Compared to CK, the leaf Pn of cherry tomato seedling were marginally decreased by 47%, 71%, 77%,78%和 89%(P<0.05) with NaCl concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 mol/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the transpiration rates(T_r), stomatal conductance(G_s), and intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) were also substantially decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations, and significantly lower than the CK(P<0.05). As a result, salinity stress resulted in decline of leaf water use efficiency(water use efficiency, WUE), especially for the WUE under severe NaCl stress(0.25 mol/L) and under the severe stress the WUE was significantly decreased by 48% than that of CK(P<0.05). In addition, the chlorophyll contents(chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, and chlorophyll a/b) featured bell-shaped curves with the increases of NaCl stress and all the maximal values of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b were at the NaCl concentration of 0.05 mol/L. The NaCl stress higher than 0.10 mol/L significantly decreased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b(P<0.05), especially for the cherry tomato under severe NaCl stress of 0.25 mol/L. These results suggested that cherry tomato may maximize the leaf gas exchange efficiency through changing both the aperture size and shape of single stoma and the stomatal distribution(stomatal density and spatial distribution pattern of stomata) under NaCl stress, although the ability for maximizing leaf gas exchange efficiency was limited under higher salinity stress. Our results are not only important for understanding the relationships among stomatal traits, leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll content under salinity stress, but also provide data and theoretical support for planting cherry tomato on saline alkali soil and selection salinity tolerance cherry tomato cultivars.
引文
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[6]赖杭桂,李瑞梅,符少萍,等.盐胁迫对植物形态结构影响的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(12):55-57.Lai Hanggui,Li Ruimei,Fu Shaoping,et al.Research advance in influence of salt stress on plant morphological structure[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2011,38(12):55-57.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[8]马荣,王成,马庆,等.向日葵芽苗期离子对复合盐胁迫的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(5):720-729.Ma Rong,Wang Cheng,Ma Qing,et al.Ion response of sunflower at sprouting stage to mixed salt stress[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(5):720-729.
[9]朱金方,刘京涛,陆兆华,等.盐胁迫对中国柽柳幼苗生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5140-5146.Zhu Jinfang,Liu Jingtao,Lu Zhaohua,et al.Effects of salt stress on physiological characteristics of Tamarix chinensisLour.Seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(15):5140-5146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]王晓冬,王成,马智宏,等.短期Na Cl胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗K+吸收和Na+、K+积累的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2822-2830.Wang Xiaodong,Wang Cheng,Ma Zhihong,et al.Effect of short-term salt stress on the absorption of K+and accumulation of Na+,K+in seedlings of different wheat varieties[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(10):2822-2830.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]李学孚,倪智敏,吴月燕,等.盐胁迫对‘鄞红’葡萄光合特性及叶片细胞结构的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4436-4444.Li Xuefu,Ni Zhimin,Wu Yueyan,et al.Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf cell structure of‘Yinhong’grape seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(13):4436-4444.
[12]金雅琴,李冬林,丁雨龙,等.盐胁迫对乌桕幼苗光合特性及叶绿素含量的影响[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(1):29-33.Jin Yaqin,Li Donglin,Ding Yulong,et al.Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of Sapium sebiferum seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Science Edition,2011,35(1):29-33.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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