微灌加气技术研究进展
|
摘要
微灌加气技术是通过微灌管网加气来改善根区土壤通气条件进而保障作物正常生理活动的,它体现着微灌技术集成性的发展趋势,目前微灌加气技术已有较深入研究。首先从微灌加气对作物的影响、对土体环境的影响、微灌加气方式与设备3个方面总结归纳了微灌加气技术现有的研究成果。总体认为:加气可提高作物产量、品质,促进植株生长;能使土壤根区环境发生变化,改善土壤理化特性,提高酶活性;文丘里、空气压缩机等加气设备均可用于微灌加气技术,但不同的加气设备及其加气运行模式可产生不同效果。在此基础上,指出了今后微灌加气技术的发展方向,建议深入开展微灌加气试验,探讨不同地域微灌加气的推广适用性;研发加气设备,保障性能稳定;同时结合理论分析和模型模拟等手段,加强微灌下水肥气热各因子间交互作用机理研究。文章可为微灌加气技术的发展提供一定的技术支撑。
Depending on the micro-irrigation pipeline networks,micro-irrigation aerated technology can improve the root zone soil ventilation conditions,thus guaranteeing the normal physiological activities of crops. This technology reflects the integration trend of micro-irrigation and until now,it has been researched deeply. In this paper,the existing research on micro-irrigation aerated technology is summarized from three aspects,namely,the influence of micro-irrigation aeration on crops,the influence on soil environment and micro-irrigation aerated mode and equipment. The results show that aeration can improve crop yield,quality and growth traits and can change the environment of root zone soil.In the meantime,it can improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase enzyme activity. Different kinds of aeration equipment,mainly including the Venturi and air compressors,and their different operation modes have different effects. On this basis,the paper points out the future development trend of micro-irrigation aerated technology. It shows that the micro-irrigation aeration tests should be carried out in depth in order to discuss the applicability of micro-irrigation aerated technology in different regions and we should also speed up the development of aeration equipment to ensure stable performance. Meanwhile,research on interaction of various factors should be strengthened with theoretical analysis and model simulation. This study can provide theoretical and technical support for the future research.
Depending on the micro-irrigation pipeline networks,micro-irrigation aerated technology can improve the root zone soil ventilation conditions,thus guaranteeing the normal physiological activities of crops. This technology reflects the integration trend of micro-irrigation and until now,it has been researched deeply. In this paper,the existing research on micro-irrigation aerated technology is summarized from three aspects,namely,the influence of micro-irrigation aeration on crops,the influence on soil environment and micro-irrigation aerated mode and equipment. The results show that aeration can improve crop yield,quality and growth traits and can change the environment of root zone soil.In the meantime,it can improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase enzyme activity. Different kinds of aeration equipment,mainly including the Venturi and air compressors,and their different operation modes have different effects. On this basis,the paper points out the future development trend of micro-irrigation aerated technology. It shows that the micro-irrigation aeration tests should be carried out in depth in order to discuss the applicability of micro-irrigation aerated technology in different regions and we should also speed up the development of aeration equipment to ensure stable performance. Meanwhile,research on interaction of various factors should be strengthened with theoretical analysis and model simulation. This study can provide theoretical and technical support for the future research.
引文
[1]王帘里,翟国亮.通气对土壤肥力质量影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(5):90-95.
[2]邱振存,门旗,孙仕军.滴灌集成技术进展与应用[C]∥第二届全国高效节水灌溉先进技术与设备应用交流研讨会.北京:2012全国高效节水灌溉先进技术与设备应用专刊,2012.
[3]韩启彪,冯绍元,曹林来,等.滴灌技术与装备进一步发展的思考[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(11):1 001-1 005.
[4]Goorahoo D,Adhikari D,Zoldoske D,et al.Application of airjection irrigation to cropping systems in California[C]∥International Water Technology and Ozone V Conference,Fresno.2007.
[5]Bhattarai S P,Huber S,Midmore D J.Aerated subsurface irrigation water gives growth and yield benefits to zucchini,vegetable soybean and cotton in heavy clay soils[J].Annals of applied biology,2004,144(3):285-298.
[6]Bhattarai S P,Pendergast L,Midmore D J.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(3):278-288.
[7]刘杰,蔡焕杰,张敏,等.根区加气对温室小型西瓜形态指标和产量及品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2010,(11):24-27.
[8]温改娟,蔡焕杰,陈新明,等.加气灌溉对温室番茄生长和果实品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):113-118.
[9]Boru G,Vantoai T,Alves J,et al.Responses of soybean to oxygen deficiency and elevated root‐zone carbon dioxide concentration[J].Annals of botany,2003,91(4):447-453..
[10]Czy6)z Ewa A.Effects of traffic on soil aeration,bulk density and growth of spring barley[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2004,79(2):153-166.
[11]赵旭,李天来,孙周平.番茄基质通气栽培模式的效果[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):74-78.
[12]Heuberger H,Livet J,Schnitzler W.Effect of soil aeration on nitrogen availability and growth of selected vegetables-preliminary results[C]∥International Conference on Environmental Problems Associated with Nitrogen Fertilisation of Field Grown Vegetable Crops 563.1999:147-154.
[13]李元,牛文全,许健,等.加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):147-154.
[14]张敏.加气灌溉条件下温室甜瓜生长效应的研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[15]Shahien M M,Abuarab M E,Magdy E.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of irrigated potato in sandy clay loam soil[J].International Journal of Advanced Research,2014,2(10):310-320.
[16]肖元松,彭福田,张亚飞,等.增氧栽培对桃幼树根系构型及氮素代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,(10):1 995-2 002.
[17]李胜利,齐子杰,王建辉,等.根际通气环境对盆栽黄瓜生长的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2008,42(3):280-282.
[18]牛文全,郭超.根际土壤通透性对玉米水分和养分吸收的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2 785-2 791.
[19]靳孟贵,赵俊英,罗泽娇.采用土壤水利用技术的冬小麦田土壤过氧化氢酶活性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(2):11-14.
[20]Tiquia S M,Wan J H C,Tam N F Y.Dynamics of yard trimmings composting as determined by dehydrogenase activity,ATP content,arginine ammonification,and nitrification potential[J].Process Biochemistry,2002,37(10):1 057-1 065.
[21]Xia M S,Hu C H,Zhang H M.Effects of tourmaline addition on the dehydrogenase activity of Rhodopseudomonas palustris[J].Process Biochemistry,2006,41(1):221-225.
[22]Keplin B,Broll G.Earthworms and dehydrogenase activity of urban biotopes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1997,29(3):533-536.
[23]Sinclair D C R,Smith G M,Bruce A,et al.Soil dehydrogenase activity adjacent to remedially treated timber,weathered in a physical field model[J].International biodeterioration&biodegradation,1997,39(2):207-216.
[24]Brzezin'ska M,W?odarczyk T,Stpniewski W,et al.Soil aeration status and catalase activity[J].Acta Agrophysica,2005,5(3):555-565.
[25]Brzezinska M,Stepniewski W,Stepniewska Z,et al.Effect of oxygen deficiency on soil dehydrogenase activity in a pot experiment with triticale cv.Jago vegetation[J].International agrophysics,2001,15(3):145-150.
[26]李天来,陈红波,孙周平,等.根际通气对基质气体、肥力及黄瓜伤流液的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):301-305.
[27]陈红波,李天来,孙周平,等.根际通气对日光温室黄瓜栽培基质酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1 470-1 474.
[28]史春余,王振林,余松烈.土壤通气性对甘薯产量的影响及其生理机制[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(2):173-178.
[29]李军,李长辉,刘喜才,等.土壤通气性对马铃薯产量的影响及其生理机制[J].作物学报,2004,30(3):279-283.
[30]张运涛.根际通气改善了夏季椰壳栽培草莓的生长和产量[J].草莓研究进展(三),2009.
[31]张秀生.英超级根系通气盆备受青睐[N].中国花卉报,2003-04-08.
[32]邢书慧,罗健,陈泳慧,等.通气对几种水培观赏植物生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(z2):36-40.
[33]Goorahoo D,Carstensen G,Zoldoske D,et al.Using air in subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)to increase yields in bell peppers.[J].International Water&Irrigation,2002,22(2):39-42.
[34]张文萍,姚帮松,肖卫华,等.增氧滴灌对烟草根系发育状况的影响研究[J].现代农业科技,2012,(23):9-11.
[35]刘小刚,张岩,王露,等.一种地下水肥气一体化灌溉系统[P].中国专利:104871708,2015-09-02.
[36]郭超,牛文全.根际通气对盆栽玉米生长与根系活力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(6):1 194-1 198.
[37]Bhattarai S P,Midmore D J,Pendergast L.Yield,water-use efficiencies and root distribution of soybean,chickpea and pumpkin under different subsurface drip irrigation depths and oxygation treatments in vertisols[J].Irrigation science,2008,26(5):439-450.
[38]程峰,姚帮松,肖卫华,等.不同增氧滴灌方式对香芹生长特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(3):91-94.
[39]翟国亮,李新国,翟所亮,等.可移动地下滴灌装置[P].中国专利:1543772,2004-11-10.
[40]门旗,王栋,王冲,等.一种地下滴灌灌溉微纳米气装置[P].中国专利:202697414,2013-01-30.
[41]孙周平,郭志敏,刘义玲.不同通气方式对马铃薯根际通气状况和生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(4):125-128.
[42]雷宏军,臧明,张振华,等.循环曝气压力与活性剂浓度对滴灌带水气传输的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):63-69.
[43]雷宏军,臧明,张振华,等.循环曝气地下滴灌的温室番茄生长与品质[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(3):253-259.
[44]雷宏军,张倩,张振华,等.掺气滴灌对温室辣椒生物量及产量的影响[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2013,34(6):29-31.
[45]雷宏军,臧明,张振华,等.循环曝气地下滴灌对冬小麦生长和耗水特性的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(36):42-47.
[46]谢恒星,蔡焕杰,张振华.温室甜瓜加氧灌溉综合效益评价[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(11):79-83.
[2]邱振存,门旗,孙仕军.滴灌集成技术进展与应用[C]∥第二届全国高效节水灌溉先进技术与设备应用交流研讨会.北京:2012全国高效节水灌溉先进技术与设备应用专刊,2012.
[3]韩启彪,冯绍元,曹林来,等.滴灌技术与装备进一步发展的思考[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(11):1 001-1 005.
[4]Goorahoo D,Adhikari D,Zoldoske D,et al.Application of airjection irrigation to cropping systems in California[C]∥International Water Technology and Ozone V Conference,Fresno.2007.
[5]Bhattarai S P,Huber S,Midmore D J.Aerated subsurface irrigation water gives growth and yield benefits to zucchini,vegetable soybean and cotton in heavy clay soils[J].Annals of applied biology,2004,144(3):285-298.
[6]Bhattarai S P,Pendergast L,Midmore D J.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of tomato in heavy clay and saline soils[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(3):278-288.
[7]刘杰,蔡焕杰,张敏,等.根区加气对温室小型西瓜形态指标和产量及品质的影响[J].节水灌溉,2010,(11):24-27.
[8]温改娟,蔡焕杰,陈新明,等.加气灌溉对温室番茄生长和果实品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(4):113-118.
[9]Boru G,Vantoai T,Alves J,et al.Responses of soybean to oxygen deficiency and elevated root‐zone carbon dioxide concentration[J].Annals of botany,2003,91(4):447-453..
[10]Czy6)z Ewa A.Effects of traffic on soil aeration,bulk density and growth of spring barley[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2004,79(2):153-166.
[11]赵旭,李天来,孙周平.番茄基质通气栽培模式的效果[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):74-78.
[12]Heuberger H,Livet J,Schnitzler W.Effect of soil aeration on nitrogen availability and growth of selected vegetables-preliminary results[C]∥International Conference on Environmental Problems Associated with Nitrogen Fertilisation of Field Grown Vegetable Crops 563.1999:147-154.
[13]李元,牛文全,许健,等.加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):147-154.
[14]张敏.加气灌溉条件下温室甜瓜生长效应的研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[15]Shahien M M,Abuarab M E,Magdy E.Root aeration improves yield and water use efficiency of irrigated potato in sandy clay loam soil[J].International Journal of Advanced Research,2014,2(10):310-320.
[16]肖元松,彭福田,张亚飞,等.增氧栽培对桃幼树根系构型及氮素代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,(10):1 995-2 002.
[17]李胜利,齐子杰,王建辉,等.根际通气环境对盆栽黄瓜生长的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2008,42(3):280-282.
[18]牛文全,郭超.根际土壤通透性对玉米水分和养分吸收的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(11):2 785-2 791.
[19]靳孟贵,赵俊英,罗泽娇.采用土壤水利用技术的冬小麦田土壤过氧化氢酶活性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(2):11-14.
[20]Tiquia S M,Wan J H C,Tam N F Y.Dynamics of yard trimmings composting as determined by dehydrogenase activity,ATP content,arginine ammonification,and nitrification potential[J].Process Biochemistry,2002,37(10):1 057-1 065.
[21]Xia M S,Hu C H,Zhang H M.Effects of tourmaline addition on the dehydrogenase activity of Rhodopseudomonas palustris[J].Process Biochemistry,2006,41(1):221-225.
[22]Keplin B,Broll G.Earthworms and dehydrogenase activity of urban biotopes[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1997,29(3):533-536.
[23]Sinclair D C R,Smith G M,Bruce A,et al.Soil dehydrogenase activity adjacent to remedially treated timber,weathered in a physical field model[J].International biodeterioration&biodegradation,1997,39(2):207-216.
[24]Brzezin'ska M,W?odarczyk T,Stpniewski W,et al.Soil aeration status and catalase activity[J].Acta Agrophysica,2005,5(3):555-565.
[25]Brzezinska M,Stepniewski W,Stepniewska Z,et al.Effect of oxygen deficiency on soil dehydrogenase activity in a pot experiment with triticale cv.Jago vegetation[J].International agrophysics,2001,15(3):145-150.
[26]李天来,陈红波,孙周平,等.根际通气对基质气体、肥力及黄瓜伤流液的影响[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(11):301-305.
[27]陈红波,李天来,孙周平,等.根际通气对日光温室黄瓜栽培基质酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(6):1 470-1 474.
[28]史春余,王振林,余松烈.土壤通气性对甘薯产量的影响及其生理机制[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(2):173-178.
[29]李军,李长辉,刘喜才,等.土壤通气性对马铃薯产量的影响及其生理机制[J].作物学报,2004,30(3):279-283.
[30]张运涛.根际通气改善了夏季椰壳栽培草莓的生长和产量[J].草莓研究进展(三),2009.
[31]张秀生.英超级根系通气盆备受青睐[N].中国花卉报,2003-04-08.
[32]邢书慧,罗健,陈泳慧,等.通气对几种水培观赏植物生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(z2):36-40.
[33]Goorahoo D,Carstensen G,Zoldoske D,et al.Using air in subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)to increase yields in bell peppers.[J].International Water&Irrigation,2002,22(2):39-42.
[34]张文萍,姚帮松,肖卫华,等.增氧滴灌对烟草根系发育状况的影响研究[J].现代农业科技,2012,(23):9-11.
[35]刘小刚,张岩,王露,等.一种地下水肥气一体化灌溉系统[P].中国专利:104871708,2015-09-02.
[36]郭超,牛文全.根际通气对盆栽玉米生长与根系活力的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(6):1 194-1 198.
[37]Bhattarai S P,Midmore D J,Pendergast L.Yield,water-use efficiencies and root distribution of soybean,chickpea and pumpkin under different subsurface drip irrigation depths and oxygation treatments in vertisols[J].Irrigation science,2008,26(5):439-450.
[38]程峰,姚帮松,肖卫华,等.不同增氧滴灌方式对香芹生长特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(3):91-94.
[39]翟国亮,李新国,翟所亮,等.可移动地下滴灌装置[P].中国专利:1543772,2004-11-10.
[40]门旗,王栋,王冲,等.一种地下滴灌灌溉微纳米气装置[P].中国专利:202697414,2013-01-30.
[41]孙周平,郭志敏,刘义玲.不同通气方式对马铃薯根际通气状况和生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(4):125-128.
[42]雷宏军,臧明,张振华,等.循环曝气压力与活性剂浓度对滴灌带水气传输的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(22):63-69.
[43]雷宏军,臧明,张振华,等.循环曝气地下滴灌的温室番茄生长与品质[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(3):253-259.
[44]雷宏军,张倩,张振华,等.掺气滴灌对温室辣椒生物量及产量的影响[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2013,34(6):29-31.
[45]雷宏军,臧明,张振华,等.循环曝气地下滴灌对冬小麦生长和耗水特性的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(36):42-47.
[46]谢恒星,蔡焕杰,张振华.温室甜瓜加氧灌溉综合效益评价[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(11):79-83.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |