模拟干旱下毛竹叶片水势的动态变化
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摘要
[目的]定量分析毛竹叶片凌晨水势随生长季节和竹龄的梯度变化趋势及其对截雨干旱的响应特征,阐明毛竹不同年龄个体水分供给关系的季节差异。[方法]通过人工截雨模拟干旱试验,采用PSYPRO水势测量系统动态监测毛竹叶片凌晨水势的变化。[结果](1)无论干旱与否,同一竹龄毛竹叶片凌晨水势在季节间差异较显著(P<0.05),而在竹龄之间无显著差异。(2)同龄毛竹叶片凌晨水势随生长季节变化呈现峰值,且因竹龄而异。自然生长(对照)1年生和7年生毛竹叶片凌晨水势随季节变化呈现"单峰"趋势,以9月份最高;2年生至5年生个体叶片凌晨水势随季节变化为"双峰"趋势,分别在9月份和12月份出现峰值。截雨干旱后,1年生和2年生毛竹叶片凌晨水势呈"双峰型",3年生至5年生随季节变化呈"单峰型"。叶片凌晨水势与土壤水分状况随季节变化趋势具有一致性。(3)截雨干旱与自然生长下毛竹叶片凌晨水势于不同生长季节随竹龄大小的变化趋势较为相似。干旱与否,在8月份至10月份生长旺盛期,叶片凌晨水势随着竹龄增加而下降,水分有从幼竹向老竹输送的趋势。12月份至翌年3月份孕笋期正好相反,随着竹龄增加其叶片凌晨水势增加,水分具有从老竹高水势向幼竹低水势输送的趋势。表明水分在毛竹不同竹龄个体之间输送补给方向因生长季节不同而存在差异。(4)在生长旺盛期,干旱处理毛竹叶片凌晨水势显著低于自然生长毛竹,且随着竹龄增加,水势差异幅度增大;在孕笋期,5年生以上老竹干旱后叶片凌晨水势低于对照毛竹。(5)不同生长季节不同冠层部位叶片凌晨水势存在差异,但均不显著,叶片凌晨水势随冠层分布趋势也受竹龄大小影响。[结论]同一竹龄毛竹叶片凌晨水势存在较显著的季节间差异,毛竹叶片凌晨水势与土壤水分状况的季节变化趋势一致。水分在毛竹不同竹龄个体之间输送方向因生长季节而异,表明水势是驱动毛竹适应干旱胁迫的重要因素。
[Objective] The objective of this paper is to analyze quantitatively the leaf predawn water potential change with the growth season and age along canopy height for moso bamboo( Phyllostachys edulis) in natural and drought stress environment,and to clarify the seasonal differences of water supply for individuals of different ages of Ph. edulis,lay a theoretical basis for the sustainable and efficient management of Ph. edulis plantations in the global climate background. [Method] The throughfall exclusion was set to simulate the drought stress,and the PSYPRO water potential measurement system was used to quantitatively analyze the trend of leaf water potentialchange in the predawn with the growth season and bamboo age. [Result](1) There was significant difference among different seasons for leaf predawn water potential for the same age of bamboo( P < 0. 05),regardless of throughfall exclusion or not.(2) The leaf predawn water potential changing with the growth season showed a peak trend for the same age of bamboo,and was different due to bamboo age. Under natural growth environment( the control),the predawn water potential for 1-and 7-year-old bamboo changing with the seasonal showed a single peak with the highest value in September,and for 2-to 5-year-old individual it showed a bimodal change trend with the highest values in September and December respectively. The seasonal change trend of leaf predawn water potential was consistent with the soil moisture. After the throughfall exclusion,the leaf predawn water potential was "double peak"type for 1-and 2-year-old individual,and was "single peak"type for 3-to 5-year-old individual,which changed with the seasons.(3) The change with increasing age of bamboo for leaf predawn water potential under throughfall exclusion environment was similar to that of the control during different growth season. Regardless of throughfall exclusion or not,the leaf predawn water potential decreased with the increase of bamboo age during the rhizome vigorous growth season from August to October,and showed the trend of the water transport from young bamboos to old ones,while the leaf predawn water potential increased with the increase of bamboo age during the shoot development period from October to March the following year,and the water transported from the high water potential of old bamboo to low water potential of young ones,indicating that the water supply direction between different age of bamboo individuals changed in different season.(4) During the vigorous growth of rhizome,the leaf predawn water potential under throughfall exclusion was significantly lower than that under natural growth environment,and the difference in leaf predawn water potential became more significant with the increase of bamboo age.Under throughfall exclusion,only the leaf predawn water potential of the bamboo with the age over 5-years-old was lower than the control during the shoot development period.(5) There were no significant differences in predawn water potential of different canopy leaves in different growth seasons,but the change trend of leaf water potential was also affected by the bamboo age. [Conclusion] There was a significant seasonal difference of leaf predawn water potential for same aged individual. Both the leaf predawn water potential and the soil moisture follow same seasonal change trend. The transport direction of water between different age of bamboo individuals varied with season,indicating that the leaf predawn water potential is an important factor in driving the bamboo to adapt to drought stress.
[Objective] The objective of this paper is to analyze quantitatively the leaf predawn water potential change with the growth season and age along canopy height for moso bamboo( Phyllostachys edulis) in natural and drought stress environment,and to clarify the seasonal differences of water supply for individuals of different ages of Ph. edulis,lay a theoretical basis for the sustainable and efficient management of Ph. edulis plantations in the global climate background. [Method] The throughfall exclusion was set to simulate the drought stress,and the PSYPRO water potential measurement system was used to quantitatively analyze the trend of leaf water potentialchange in the predawn with the growth season and bamboo age. [Result](1) There was significant difference among different seasons for leaf predawn water potential for the same age of bamboo( P < 0. 05),regardless of throughfall exclusion or not.(2) The leaf predawn water potential changing with the growth season showed a peak trend for the same age of bamboo,and was different due to bamboo age. Under natural growth environment( the control),the predawn water potential for 1-and 7-year-old bamboo changing with the seasonal showed a single peak with the highest value in September,and for 2-to 5-year-old individual it showed a bimodal change trend with the highest values in September and December respectively. The seasonal change trend of leaf predawn water potential was consistent with the soil moisture. After the throughfall exclusion,the leaf predawn water potential was "double peak"type for 1-and 2-year-old individual,and was "single peak"type for 3-to 5-year-old individual,which changed with the seasons.(3) The change with increasing age of bamboo for leaf predawn water potential under throughfall exclusion environment was similar to that of the control during different growth season. Regardless of throughfall exclusion or not,the leaf predawn water potential decreased with the increase of bamboo age during the rhizome vigorous growth season from August to October,and showed the trend of the water transport from young bamboos to old ones,while the leaf predawn water potential increased with the increase of bamboo age during the shoot development period from October to March the following year,and the water transported from the high water potential of old bamboo to low water potential of young ones,indicating that the water supply direction between different age of bamboo individuals changed in different season.(4) During the vigorous growth of rhizome,the leaf predawn water potential under throughfall exclusion was significantly lower than that under natural growth environment,and the difference in leaf predawn water potential became more significant with the increase of bamboo age.Under throughfall exclusion,only the leaf predawn water potential of the bamboo with the age over 5-years-old was lower than the control during the shoot development period.(5) There were no significant differences in predawn water potential of different canopy leaves in different growth seasons,but the change trend of leaf water potential was also affected by the bamboo age. [Conclusion] There was a significant seasonal difference of leaf predawn water potential for same aged individual. Both the leaf predawn water potential and the soil moisture follow same seasonal change trend. The transport direction of water between different age of bamboo individuals varied with season,indicating that the leaf predawn water potential is an important factor in driving the bamboo to adapt to drought stress.
引文
[1]金鹰,王传宽.植物叶片水力与经济性状权衡关系的研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(10):1021-1032.
[2]Mcdowell N G,Beerling D J,Breshears D D,et al.The interdependence of mechanisms underlying climate-driven vegetation mortality[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2011,26(10):523-532.
[3]Martinez V J,Poyatos R,Aguade D,et al.A new look at water transport regulation in plants[J].New Phytologist,2014,204(1):105-115.
[4]罗永忠,成自勇.水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿叶水势、蒸腾速率和气孔导度的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(2):215-221.
[5]胡继超,曹卫星,姜东,等.小麦水分胁迫影响因子的定量研究Ⅰ干旱和渍水胁迫对光合、蒸腾及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(4):315-320.
[6]张迎辉,王华田,亓立云,等.水分胁迫对3个藤本树种蒸腾耗水性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(5):723-728.
[7]应叶青,郭璟,魏建芬,等.干旱胁迫对毛竹幼苗生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):262-266.
[8]袁佳丽,温国胜,张明如,等.毛竹快速生长期的水势变化特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):722-728.
[9]王丁,姚健,杨雪,等.干旱胁迫条件下6种喀斯特主要造林树种苗木叶片水势及吸水潜能变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2216-2226.
[10]陈志成,陆海波,刘晓静,等.宝天曼三桠乌药对降雨减少后的生理生态响应[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(3):430-435.
[11]Brando P M,Nepstad D C,Davidson E A,et al.Drought effects on litterfall,wood production and belowground carbon cycling in an Amazon forest:results of a throughfall reduction experiment[J].Philosophical Transactions Royal Society B,2008,363(1498):1839-1848.
[12]Misson L,Rocheteau A,Rambal S,et al.Functional changes in the control of carbon fluxes after 3 years of increased drought in a Mediterranean evergreen forest[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(9):2461-2475.
[13]杨显基,杜建会,张楚杰,等.平潭岛典型海岸草丛沙堆植物群落水势日变化特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2614-2619.
[14]王爱英,姜艳娟,郝广友,等.季节性干旱胁迫对石灰山三种常绿优势树种的水分和光合生理的影响[J].云南植物研究,2008,30(3):325-332.
[15]杨晓东,罗艾滢,黄玉清,等.漓江上游毛竹生理生态特征对不同土壤水分的响应[J].广西植物,2017,37(2):211-219.
[16]付爱红,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.干旱、盐胁迫下的植物水势研究与进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(5):744-749.
[17]司建华,冯起,张小由.极端干旱区胡杨水势及影响因子研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):505-510.
[18]Cao K F,Yang S J,Zhang Y J,et al.The maximum height of grasses is determined by roots[J].Ecology Letters,2012,15(7):1-7
[19]Wen G S,Zhang L Y,Zhang R M,et al.Temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon fixation by moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)in subtropical China[J].Botanical Review,2011,77(3):271-277.
[20]Cao Y H,Zhou B Z,Wang X M,et al.The Photosynthetic characteristics of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)for different canopy leaves[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,726-731:4274-4279.
[21]曹永慧,周本智,王小明,等.冠层高度对毛竹叶片光合生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(11):2256-2266.
[2]Mcdowell N G,Beerling D J,Breshears D D,et al.The interdependence of mechanisms underlying climate-driven vegetation mortality[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2011,26(10):523-532.
[3]Martinez V J,Poyatos R,Aguade D,et al.A new look at water transport regulation in plants[J].New Phytologist,2014,204(1):105-115.
[4]罗永忠,成自勇.水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿叶水势、蒸腾速率和气孔导度的影响[J].草地学报,2011,19(2):215-221.
[5]胡继超,曹卫星,姜东,等.小麦水分胁迫影响因子的定量研究Ⅰ干旱和渍水胁迫对光合、蒸腾及干物质积累与分配的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(4):315-320.
[6]张迎辉,王华田,亓立云,等.水分胁迫对3个藤本树种蒸腾耗水性的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(5):723-728.
[7]应叶青,郭璟,魏建芬,等.干旱胁迫对毛竹幼苗生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(2):262-266.
[8]袁佳丽,温国胜,张明如,等.毛竹快速生长期的水势变化特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(5):722-728.
[9]王丁,姚健,杨雪,等.干旱胁迫条件下6种喀斯特主要造林树种苗木叶片水势及吸水潜能变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(8):2216-2226.
[10]陈志成,陆海波,刘晓静,等.宝天曼三桠乌药对降雨减少后的生理生态响应[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(3):430-435.
[11]Brando P M,Nepstad D C,Davidson E A,et al.Drought effects on litterfall,wood production and belowground carbon cycling in an Amazon forest:results of a throughfall reduction experiment[J].Philosophical Transactions Royal Society B,2008,363(1498):1839-1848.
[12]Misson L,Rocheteau A,Rambal S,et al.Functional changes in the control of carbon fluxes after 3 years of increased drought in a Mediterranean evergreen forest[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(9):2461-2475.
[13]杨显基,杜建会,张楚杰,等.平潭岛典型海岸草丛沙堆植物群落水势日变化特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2614-2619.
[14]王爱英,姜艳娟,郝广友,等.季节性干旱胁迫对石灰山三种常绿优势树种的水分和光合生理的影响[J].云南植物研究,2008,30(3):325-332.
[15]杨晓东,罗艾滢,黄玉清,等.漓江上游毛竹生理生态特征对不同土壤水分的响应[J].广西植物,2017,37(2):211-219.
[16]付爱红,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.干旱、盐胁迫下的植物水势研究与进展[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(5):744-749.
[17]司建华,冯起,张小由.极端干旱区胡杨水势及影响因子研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):505-510.
[18]Cao K F,Yang S J,Zhang Y J,et al.The maximum height of grasses is determined by roots[J].Ecology Letters,2012,15(7):1-7
[19]Wen G S,Zhang L Y,Zhang R M,et al.Temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon fixation by moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)in subtropical China[J].Botanical Review,2011,77(3):271-277.
[20]Cao Y H,Zhou B Z,Wang X M,et al.The Photosynthetic characteristics of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)for different canopy leaves[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,726-731:4274-4279.
[21]曹永慧,周本智,王小明,等.冠层高度对毛竹叶片光合生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(11):2256-2266.