不同炉料结构高炉实现低碳排放的解析
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摘要
为了进一步实现高炉低碳排放目标,对以烧结矿或球团矿为主导的炉料结构进行比较分析。首先列举了国内外不同炉料结构高炉的操作参数和生产指标,并利用炉料冶金性能试验、物料平衡和热平衡计算、Rist操作线等分析方法对典型的以烧结矿为主的宝钢炉料结构和低燃料消耗进行深入解析,同时对以球团矿占主导的瑞典SSAB炉料结构的低燃料消耗指标进行比较。从高炉实际数据分析可以得出,低燃料消耗和炉料结构的关系是十分密切的,高入炉矿品位、低渣量、高的煤气利用率是实现低燃耗的关键。在宝钢的实际操作中,通过优化炉料结构、降低燃耗可以减少8%～10%的碳排放,而瑞典高炉燃耗更低,可实现更低的碳排放。研究结果可对国内外高炉低碳排放的生产操作提供借鉴。
The differences in structure characteristics of raw materials predominated by sinters or pellets were analyzed in order to realize low carbon emission at BF processes.Some operation parameters and production indexes with different raw materials structures all over the world were enumerated.The methods,i.e.test of metallurgical properties of raw materials,balance of materials and heat and the Rist operation line were utilized to analyze the low fuel consumption and low carbon emission in Baosteel BFs with the dominated ratio of sintering ore.At the same time,the comparable of SSAB Sweden BF with the pellet ore as the main materials were analyzed in details.According to results of analyzing in theory and calculation from the practical data,there is a highly significant correlation between the low fuel consumption ratio and the raw materials structure.A high grade of burden materials,a low slag volume and a high CO utilization ratio are the key factors to reduce the fuel consumption.During the practice in Baosteel,the carbon emission could be decreased by 8%-10% by reducing the fuel consumption ratio,while the BF of SSAB Sweden has lower fuels ratio that the carbon emission would be less.This research results would be benefit to operators of blast furnace for realizing the low carbon emission.
The differences in structure characteristics of raw materials predominated by sinters or pellets were analyzed in order to realize low carbon emission at BF processes.Some operation parameters and production indexes with different raw materials structures all over the world were enumerated.The methods,i.e.test of metallurgical properties of raw materials,balance of materials and heat and the Rist operation line were utilized to analyze the low fuel consumption and low carbon emission in Baosteel BFs with the dominated ratio of sintering ore.At the same time,the comparable of SSAB Sweden BF with the pellet ore as the main materials were analyzed in details.According to results of analyzing in theory and calculation from the practical data,there is a highly significant correlation between the low fuel consumption ratio and the raw materials structure.A high grade of burden materials,a low slag volume and a high CO utilization ratio are the key factors to reduce the fuel consumption.During the practice in Baosteel,the carbon emission could be decreased by 8%-10% by reducing the fuel consumption ratio,while the BF of SSAB Sweden has lower fuels ratio that the carbon emission would be less.This research results would be benefit to operators of blast furnace for realizing the low carbon emission.
引文
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[20] Yang Y L,Yin Y X,Donald W,et al.Development of blast furnace distribution process modeling and control[J].ISIJ International,2017,57(8):1350.
[21] Jun I,Ryota M,Ikuhiro S,et al.Gas permeability in cohesive zone in the ironmaking blast furnace[J].ISIJ International,2017,57(9):1531.
[22] Axelsson O,Bramming M,Karsrud K.Rebuild of SSAB oxelosund blast furnace No.4and introduction the ROAX-TOP[C]//56th Ironmaking Conference Proceedings.Chicago IL USA:AISI,1997:507
[23] Kimmo K,Timo P,Jarmo L,et al.(STSI-156)Modelling and simulation of blast furnace process for switch from sinter to pellet operation[C]//4th International Conference on ModellingandSimulationofMetallurgicalProcessesin Steelmaking.Dusseldorf:METEC,2011:1
[24] Timo P,Kimmo K,Jarmo L,et al.Experience of full scale research test with 100%pellet blastfurnace operation in ruukkiauthors[C]//6th European Coke and Ironmaking Congress.Dusseldorf:METEC,2011:1
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[2]赵沛,董鹏莉.碳排放是中国钢铁业未来不容忽视的问题[J].钢铁,2018,53(8):1.(ZHAO Pei,DONG Peng-li.Carbon emission cannot be ignored in future of Chinese steel industry[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(8):1.)
[3]王海洋,张建良,王广伟,等.铁前系统的二氧化碳减排技术浅析[J].中国冶金,2018,28(1):1.(WANG Hai-yang,ZHANG Jian-liang,WANG Guang-wei,et al.Analysis of carbon dioxide emission reduction before ironmaking[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(1):1.)
[4] Louis W Lherbier,Jr Michael F Riley.Fundamental evaluation of natural gas co-injection with coke oven gas or coal[C]//Iron and Steel Conference.Pittsburg USA:AISTech,2013:559
[5] Mark Aronovitch T,Serge Evgeny L,Gennady Michail S.A flow-chart for iron making on the basis of 100%usage of process oxygen and hot reducing gases injection[J].ISIJ International,1994(7):570.
[6] Hiroshi N,Jun-ichiro Y,Shin-ya K,et al.Analysis on material and energy balances of ironmaking systems on blast furnace operations with metallic charging,top gas recycling and natural gas injection[J].ISIJ International,2006(12):1759.
[7] Ryota M,Michitaka S,Tatsuro A,et al.Design of innovative blast furnace for minimizing CO2emission based on optimization of solid fuel injection and top gas recycling[J].ISIJ International,2004(12):2168.
[8]毕传光,唐珏,储满生.梅钢2号高炉喷吹焦炉煤气数值模拟[J].钢铁,2018,53(4):89.(BI Chuan-guang,TANG Jue,CHU Man-sheng.Mathematical modeling of Mei Steel No.2BF with coke oven gas injection[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(4):89.)
[9]孙敏敏,宁晓钧,张建良,等.炼铁系统节能减排技术的现状和发展[J].中国冶金,2018,28(3):1.(SUN Min-min,NING Xiao-jun,ZHANG Jian-liang,et al.Research status and progress of energy saving and emission reduction technology for ironmaking[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(3):1.)
[10]刘颂,吕庆,张旭升,等.高炉喷吹煤气工艺中炉顶煤气循环的变化规律[J].钢铁,2018,53(2):78.(LIU Song,LQing,ZHANG Xu-sheng,et al.Change rule of top gas circulation in blast furnace gas injection process[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(2):78.)
[11] Saxen H,Bramming M,Wikatrom J O,et al.Theoretical limits on operation under high oxygen enrichment in the blast furnace[C]//60th ISS Conference.Baltimore USA:AISI,2001:89
[12]张寿荣,姜曦.中国大型高炉生产现状分析及展望[J].钢铁,2017,52(2):1.(ZHANG Shou-rong,JIANG Xi.Production and development of large blast furnace in China[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(2):1.)
[13] Tatsuya K,Sohei S,Shigeru U.Dynamic wettability of liquids on gasified metallurgical cokes[J].ISIJ International,2017,57(7):1166.
[14]金永龙,何志军,关志刚,等.H2含量对冶炼过程影响的实践与理论分析[J].钢铁,2011,46(5):15.(JIN Yong-long,He Zhi-jun,GUAN Zhi-gang.Practice and theorical analysis about effect of H2content on ironmaking process[J].Iron and Steel,2011,46(5):15.)
[15]卫继刚.大型高炉合理炉腹煤气量指数的控制及探讨[J].钢铁,2012,47(3):15.(WEI Ji-gang.Control and discussion of suitable furnace bosh gas volume index for large capacity blast furnace[J].Iron and Steel,2012,47(3):15.)
[16]成兰伯.高炉炼铁工艺及计算[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1991.(CHENG Lan-bo.Technology and Calculation of Blast Furnace Ironmaking[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1991.)
[17]周传典.高炉炼铁生产技术手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.(ZHOU Chuan-dian.Handbook of Blast Furnace Ironmaking Production and Technology[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2008.)
[18]朱仁良.宝钢大型高炉操作与管理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2015.(ZHU Ren-liang.Operation and Management of Large Scale BF in Baosteel[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2015.)
[19] Mats B,Jan-OlovW.A blast furnace view on slags[J].Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy,2002(31):88.
[20] Yang Y L,Yin Y X,Donald W,et al.Development of blast furnace distribution process modeling and control[J].ISIJ International,2017,57(8):1350.
[21] Jun I,Ryota M,Ikuhiro S,et al.Gas permeability in cohesive zone in the ironmaking blast furnace[J].ISIJ International,2017,57(9):1531.
[22] Axelsson O,Bramming M,Karsrud K.Rebuild of SSAB oxelosund blast furnace No.4and introduction the ROAX-TOP[C]//56th Ironmaking Conference Proceedings.Chicago IL USA:AISI,1997:507
[23] Kimmo K,Timo P,Jarmo L,et al.(STSI-156)Modelling and simulation of blast furnace process for switch from sinter to pellet operation[C]//4th International Conference on ModellingandSimulationofMetallurgicalProcessesin Steelmaking.Dusseldorf:METEC,2011:1
[24] Timo P,Kimmo K,Jarmo L,et al.Experience of full scale research test with 100%pellet blastfurnace operation in ruukkiauthors[C]//6th European Coke and Ironmaking Congress.Dusseldorf:METEC,2011:1
[25]联邦德国钢铁工程师协会.渣图集[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989.(VDEh.Slag Atlas[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1989.)