宝山农场地下水动态分析
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摘要
【目的】探求宝山农场地下水动态规律,为宝山农场引江灌溉水资源平衡利用提供理论依据。【方法】调查宝山农场11 a地下水位资料,分析了宝山农场地下水位年内变化规律,利用双向回归结合降水指数(SPI)分析了地下水位年际变化规律,并通过R/S分析法分析了地下水位变化趋势。【结果】水稻生育期内抽取地下水灌溉,致使地下水位下降0~2 m,在非生育期内可以恢复正常水平,宝山农场特征时间点的地下水位在年际间变化有明显的突变趋势;地下水位与SPI具有较强的线性相关关系,R=0.824 9;R/S分析结果表明,提水灌溉不会导致地下水位持续下降。【结论】降水和灌溉是影响宝山农地地下水位动态变化的主要因子;宝山农场目前的地下水资源采补相对平衡;引江灌溉过程中要密切观测地下水位变化。
【Objective】The change in groundwater table affects many ecohydrological processes and this paper analyzed the dynamics of the depth of groundwater table at Baoshan farm in Heilongjiang Province.【Method】The seasonal variability of groundwater table was analyzed based on the measured data from 1997 to2007 at Baoshan farm. The annual variation of the groundwater table was analyzed by the two-way regression combined with the standardized precipitation index(SPI), and the possible trend in the change of groundwater table was analyzed using rescaled range analysis(R/S).【Result】Groundwater table dropped 0 to 2 m during the growing season of rice due to extraction for groundwater irrigation, and it then rebounded to normal level in the following fallow period before planting the rice again. A precipitation of 80 cm during the rice growth season could lead to the groundwater table rising by 1.0 m. Temporally, annual average groundwater table showed a steady rise or dropping. There was a strong linear relationship between the groundwater table and SPI with R2=0.680 4. Using the groundwater for irrigation did not cause a continuous groundwater table dropping.【Conclusion】Precipitation and irrigation are the major factors influencing the dynamics of the groundwater table at Baoshan farm. Keeping extraction and recharge of the groundwater resources at a reasonable ratio at Baoshan farm is the key to prevent waterlogging and the secondary soil salinity.
【Objective】The change in groundwater table affects many ecohydrological processes and this paper analyzed the dynamics of the depth of groundwater table at Baoshan farm in Heilongjiang Province.【Method】The seasonal variability of groundwater table was analyzed based on the measured data from 1997 to2007 at Baoshan farm. The annual variation of the groundwater table was analyzed by the two-way regression combined with the standardized precipitation index(SPI), and the possible trend in the change of groundwater table was analyzed using rescaled range analysis(R/S).【Result】Groundwater table dropped 0 to 2 m during the growing season of rice due to extraction for groundwater irrigation, and it then rebounded to normal level in the following fallow period before planting the rice again. A precipitation of 80 cm during the rice growth season could lead to the groundwater table rising by 1.0 m. Temporally, annual average groundwater table showed a steady rise or dropping. There was a strong linear relationship between the groundwater table and SPI with R2=0.680 4. Using the groundwater for irrigation did not cause a continuous groundwater table dropping.【Conclusion】Precipitation and irrigation are the major factors influencing the dynamics of the groundwater table at Baoshan farm. Keeping extraction and recharge of the groundwater resources at a reasonable ratio at Baoshan farm is the key to prevent waterlogging and the secondary soil salinity.
引文
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[3]吉磊,刘兵,何新林,等.玛纳斯河下游灌区地下水埋深变化特征及成因分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(9):59-65.
[4]王建莹,刘燕,姚阿漫.泾惠渠灌区地下水位动态分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(2):67-70
[5]GHAZAVI R.Impacts of land-use change on groundwater resources using remote sensing and numerical modeling[J].Journal of Biodiversity&Environ mental Sciences,2016,9(4):149-157.
[6]朱建强,刘会宁,耿显波,等.易涝易渍农田地下水动态特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(6):1-4.
[7]杨艳鲜,张丹,雷宝坤,等.洱海近岸菜地浅层地下水动态变化特征及影响因素[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(1):1-9.
[8]汪生斌,肖勇,王万平,等.青海省格尔木山前平原区地下水动态特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(1):241-247.
[9]夏晶,刘宁,高贺文,等.商丘市浅层地下水位下降对区域气候的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4 408-4 415.
[10]SOLOW A R.Testing for Climate Change:An Application of the Two-Phase Regression Model[J].Journal of Applied Meteorology,1987,26(10):1 401-1 405.
[11]WU H,HAYES M J,WEISS A,et al.An evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index,the China‐Z Index and the statistical Z‐Score[J].International Journal of Climatology,2001,21(6):745-758.
[12]杨晓静,左德鹏,徐宗学.基于标准化降水指数的云南省近55年旱涝演变特征[J].资源科学,2014,36(3):473-480.
[13]PATEL N R,CHOPRA P,DADHWAL V K.Analyzing spatial patterns of meteorological drought using standardized precipitation index[J].Meteorological Applications,2010,14(4):329-336.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国国家标准化管理委员会.气象干旱等级:GB/T20481—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[15]HURST H E.Long term storage capacities of reservoirs[J].Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,1951,116(12):776-808.
[16]贺屹.渠井双灌区地下水超采情况下的动态分析及人工补给研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
[17]孟凡傲,梁秀娟,郝洋,等.洮儿河扇形地地下水动态特征分析[J].节水灌溉,2016(4):65-68,74.