高邮凹陷北斜坡辉绿岩及其接触带储层发育特征与有利油气藏条件
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摘要
理论研究与勘探实践表明岩浆侵入作用能够形成侵入岩—外变质带油气储层。以高邮凹陷北斜坡地区阜宁组为研究层位,根据岩心、薄片、分析测试等资料,重点研究了高邮凹陷北斜坡地区辉绿岩及其接触带的储层发育特征,并从烃源岩和成藏条件分析了研究区油气藏形成的有利条件,讨论了岩浆侵入活动对油气成藏造成不利影响的可能性。辉绿岩及其外变质带(接触带泥岩和砂岩)均可作为储层,辉绿岩储集空间包括原始气孔、冷凝裂缝、溶蚀孔隙、微孔、收缩微缝及构造裂缝;接触带泥岩储集空间包括构造裂缝、热液微裂缝、收缩缝、解理缝、晶间微孔和微溶孔;接触带砂岩储集空间包括原生粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、超大孔及微溶孔。辉绿岩和接触带泥岩整体物性较差,非均质性强,发育的裂缝系统是储层性能改善的重要因素。相对于未受辉绿岩影响的正常储层而言,接触带砂岩的储集性能变差。研究区地球化学特征和油气藏分布特征等证据表明辉绿岩侵入降低了烃源岩生烃门限,加速了有机质向油气的转化,为辉绿岩及变质带储层提供了油气来源。研究区有利成藏条件主要包括:近距离油源供给、辉绿岩侵入形成运移通道、油气运移与圈闭形成良好时空配置、较大规模的辉绿岩及变质带和良好的封闭遮挡条件。
Theoretical study and exploration practices reveal that magmatism can result in intrusion-exomorphic reservoirs. Taking northern slope of Gaoyou Sag as a study case, this paper mainly studies the reservoir characteristics of the intrusive rock and contact metamorphic zone, and discusses hydrocarbon entrapment in aspects of source rocks and accumulation conditions on the basis of core samples, thin sections, and testing data. Both diabase and exomorphic rokcs(i.e.,metamudstones and metasandstones) can be potential reservoirs. The reservoir spaces of diabase include primary vesicles, cooling fractures, dissolved pores, micropores, contraction fissures, and structural fractures. The reservoir spaces of metamudstones include structural fractures, contraction fissures, cleavage fissures, intergranular micropores, and dissolved micropores. The reservoir spaces of metasandstones include primary intergranular pores, intragranular pores, module pores, extra-large pores, and micropores. Diabase and metamudstones are characterized by poor reservoir properties and strong heterogeneity. The fracture system is the crucial factor for increasing reservoir property locally. Compared to unaffected sandstone reservoirs, the reservoir property of metasandstones is decreased due to diabase intrusion. Geochemical and reservoir distribution characteristics in the study area indicate that diabase intrusion reduced the hydrocarbon threshold of the source rock, thus accelerating the transformation from organic matter to hydrocarbon, and providing oil and gas sources to the diabase and metamorphic zones. Favorable hydrocarbon entrapment conditions include short distance of hydrocarbon supply, potential migration pathways formed by diabase intrusion, favorable time and spatial match between hydrocarbon migration and trap formation, magnitude of diabase and metamorphic belt, favorable seal conditions. Besides, possible unfavorable influences of magma intrusion to hydrocarbon entrapment are analyzed.
Theoretical study and exploration practices reveal that magmatism can result in intrusion-exomorphic reservoirs. Taking northern slope of Gaoyou Sag as a study case, this paper mainly studies the reservoir characteristics of the intrusive rock and contact metamorphic zone, and discusses hydrocarbon entrapment in aspects of source rocks and accumulation conditions on the basis of core samples, thin sections, and testing data. Both diabase and exomorphic rokcs(i.e.,metamudstones and metasandstones) can be potential reservoirs. The reservoir spaces of diabase include primary vesicles, cooling fractures, dissolved pores, micropores, contraction fissures, and structural fractures. The reservoir spaces of metamudstones include structural fractures, contraction fissures, cleavage fissures, intergranular micropores, and dissolved micropores. The reservoir spaces of metasandstones include primary intergranular pores, intragranular pores, module pores, extra-large pores, and micropores. Diabase and metamudstones are characterized by poor reservoir properties and strong heterogeneity. The fracture system is the crucial factor for increasing reservoir property locally. Compared to unaffected sandstone reservoirs, the reservoir property of metasandstones is decreased due to diabase intrusion. Geochemical and reservoir distribution characteristics in the study area indicate that diabase intrusion reduced the hydrocarbon threshold of the source rock, thus accelerating the transformation from organic matter to hydrocarbon, and providing oil and gas sources to the diabase and metamorphic zones. Favorable hydrocarbon entrapment conditions include short distance of hydrocarbon supply, potential migration pathways formed by diabase intrusion, favorable time and spatial match between hydrocarbon migration and trap formation, magnitude of diabase and metamorphic belt, favorable seal conditions. Besides, possible unfavorable influences of magma intrusion to hydrocarbon entrapment are analyzed.
引文
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[14] ólavsdóttir J,Andersen M S,Boldreel L O.Reservoir quality of intrabasalt volcanic lastic units onshore Faroe Islands,North Atlantic Igneous Province,northeast Atlantic[J].AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(3):467-497.
[15] Zhang K,Marfurt K J,Wang Z,et al.Seismic attribute illumination of an igneous reservoir in China[J].Leading Edge,2011,30(3):266-270.
[16] 王茂汀,程日辉,徐洪明,等.王府气田火山岩储层的孔渗特征及评价[J].世界地质,2015,34(4):1061-1068.
[17] 周立宏,吴永平,肖敦清,等.黄骅坳陷第三系火成岩与油气关系探讨[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):29-34.
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[19] 陈旭,董玉文,郝广雷.塔中地区早二叠世岩浆活动特征及其石油地质意义[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(5):78-83.
[20] 刘魁元,康仁华.罗151井区侵入岩油藏储集层分布及成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(6):16-18.
[21] 张小莉,冯乔,查明,等.惠民凹陷岩浆作用对碎屑岩储层的影响[J].地质学报,2008,82(5):655-662.
[22] 冯乔,汤锡元.岩浆活动对油气藏形成条件的影响[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(4):59-65.
[23] 杨琦,陈红宇.苏北-南黄海盆地构造演化[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(增刊1):562-565.
[24] 王玺,陈清华,朱文斌,等.苏北盆地高邮凹陷边界断裂带构造特征及成因[J].大地构造与成矿学,2013,37(1):20-28.
[25] 毛凤鸣.高邮凹陷北斜坡辉绿岩形成时期的确定及其与油气关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(6):19-20.
[26] 胡晓春.苏北盆地高邮凹陷侵入岩形成时期及成因机制探讨[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(3):293-297.
[27] Walther J V,Orville P M.Volatile production and transport in regional metamorphism[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1982,79(3):252-257.
[28] Flowers G C,Helgeson H C.Equilibrium and mass transfer during progressive metamorphism of siliceous dolomites[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283(3):230-286.
[29] Haszeldine R S,Samson I M,Cornford C.Quartz diagenesis and convective movement:Beatrice Oilfield, UK,North Seafluid[J].Clay Minerals,1984,19(3):391-402.
[30] Simoneit B R T,Brenner S,Peters K E,et al.Thermal alteration of cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrucsions in the eastern Atlantic[J].Nature,1978,273:501-504.
[31] Dow W G.Kerogen studies and geological interpretations[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1977,7(2):79-99.
[32] Leif R N,Simoneit B R T.Ketones in hydrothermal petroleum and sediment extracts from Guaymas Basin,Gulf of California[J].Organic Geochemistry,1995,23(10):889-904.
[33] Rushdi A I,Simoneit B R T.Hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in sediments of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean:Part 1.Middle Valley,Juan de Fuca Ridge[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(11):1401-1428.
[34] Rushdi A I,Simoneit B R T.Hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in sediments of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean:Part 2.Escanaba Trough,Gorda Ridge[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(11):1467-1494.
[35] Suchy V,Safanda J,Sykorová I,et al.Contact metamorphism of Silurian black shales by a basalt sill:Geological evidence and thermal modeling in the Barrandian Basin[J].Bulletin of Geosciences,2004,79(3):133-145.
[36] Saxby J D,Stephenson L C.Effect of igneous intrusion on oil shale at Rundle (Australia)[J].Chemical Geology,1987,63(1/2):1-16.
[37] Raymond A C,Murchison D G.Development of organic maturation in the thermal aureoles of sills and its relation to sediment compaction[J].Fuel,1988,67(12):1599-1608.
[38] Krynauw J R,Behr H J,Kerkhof A M V D.Sill emplacement in wet sediments:Fluid inclusion and cathodoluminescence studies at Crunehogna,western Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1994,151(5):777-794.
[39] 陈荣书,何生,王青玲,等.岩浆活动对有机质成熟作用的影响初探:以冀中葛渔城-文安地区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,1989,16(1):29-37.
[40] 陈安定,唐焰.苏北盆地热史、埋藏史研究及其对南黄海南部盆地油气勘探的启示[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):234-239.
[41] 江夏,周荔青.苏北盆地富油气凹陷形成与分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(4):319-325.
[42] 李儒峰,陈莉琼,李亚军,等.苏北盆地高邮凹陷热史恢复与成藏期判识[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):151-159.
[43] 陈安定.苏北盆地第三系烃源岩排烃范围及油气运移边界[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):630-636.
[44] 李亚辉.高邮凹陷北斜坡辉绿岩与油气成藏[J].地质力学学报,2000,6(2):17-22.
[45] 谢庆宾,朱筱敏.高邮凹陷北斜坡侵入岩热变质机理及其对围岩储层影响[R].江苏扬州:江苏油田分公司地质科学研究院,2008.
[46] 陈安定.苏北第三系盆地、断裂、圈闭形成的力学机制[J].小型油气藏,2003,8(1):1-5.
[2] Ros L F D.Heterogeneous generation and evolution of diageneticquartzarenites in the Silurian-Devonian Furnas Formation of the Paraná Basin,southern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,1998,116(1/2):99-128.
[3] Baker J C,Bai B G,Hamilton P J,et al.Continental-scale magmatic carbon dioxide seepage recorded by dawsonite in the Bowen-Gunnedah-Sydney Basin,eastern Australia[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1995,65(3):522-530.
[4] Brauckmann F J,Füchtbauer H.Alterations of Cretaceous siltstones and sandstontes near basalt contacts (Nügssuaq Greenland)[J].Sedimentary Geology,1983,35(3):193-213.
[5] Merino E,Girard J P,May M T,et al.Diagenetic mineralogy,geochemistry,and dynamics of Mesozoic arkoses,Hartford rift basin,Connecticut,U.S.A.[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,67(1):212-224.
[6] Luo J,Morad S,Liang Z,et al.Controls on the quality of Archean metamorphic and Jurassic volcanic reservoir rocks from the Xinglongtai buried hill,western depression of Liaohe Basin,China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(10):1319-1346.
[7] Wu C,Gu L,Zhang Z,et al.Formation mechanisms of hydrocarbon reservoirs associated with volcanic and subvolcanic intrusive rocks:Examples in Mesozoic Cenozoic basins of eastern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(1):137-147.
[8] Ferry J M.Reaction progress:A monitor of fluid-rock interaction during metamorphic and hydrothermal events[M].New York:Springer,1986:60-88.
[9] Summer N S,Ayalon A.Dike intrusion into unconsolidated sandstone and the development of quartzite contact zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1995,17(7):997-1010.
[10] 陶洪兴,徐元秀.热液作用与油气储层[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,10(6):92-97,118.
[11] 高玉巧,刘立.岩浆侵入活动对砂岩的改造作用研究简介[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(2):13-16.
[12] 李丹,孙建,何娇娇.浅层侵入体泥岩变质带储集特征及发育模式:以江苏高邮凹陷北斜坡侵入体泥岩变质带为例[J].世界地质,2014,33(1):164-170.
[13] Hawlader H M.Diagenesis and reservoir potential of volcanogenic sandstones-Cretaceous of the Surat Basin,Queensland,Australia[J].Sedimentary Geology,1990,66(3):181-195.
[14] ólavsdóttir J,Andersen M S,Boldreel L O.Reservoir quality of intrabasalt volcanic lastic units onshore Faroe Islands,North Atlantic Igneous Province,northeast Atlantic[J].AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(3):467-497.
[15] Zhang K,Marfurt K J,Wang Z,et al.Seismic attribute illumination of an igneous reservoir in China[J].Leading Edge,2011,30(3):266-270.
[16] 王茂汀,程日辉,徐洪明,等.王府气田火山岩储层的孔渗特征及评价[J].世界地质,2015,34(4):1061-1068.
[17] 周立宏,吴永平,肖敦清,等.黄骅坳陷第三系火成岩与油气关系探讨[J].石油学报,2000,21(6):29-34.
[18] 池秋鄂,徐怀大.松辽盆地梨树-德惠凹陷火成岩初探及与油气关系[J].石油学报,1998,19(3):16-20.
[19] 陈旭,董玉文,郝广雷.塔中地区早二叠世岩浆活动特征及其石油地质意义[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(5):78-83.
[20] 刘魁元,康仁华.罗151井区侵入岩油藏储集层分布及成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(6):16-18.
[21] 张小莉,冯乔,查明,等.惠民凹陷岩浆作用对碎屑岩储层的影响[J].地质学报,2008,82(5):655-662.
[22] 冯乔,汤锡元.岩浆活动对油气藏形成条件的影响[J].地质科技情报,1997,16(4):59-65.
[23] 杨琦,陈红宇.苏北-南黄海盆地构造演化[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(增刊1):562-565.
[24] 王玺,陈清华,朱文斌,等.苏北盆地高邮凹陷边界断裂带构造特征及成因[J].大地构造与成矿学,2013,37(1):20-28.
[25] 毛凤鸣.高邮凹陷北斜坡辉绿岩形成时期的确定及其与油气关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(6):19-20.
[26] 胡晓春.苏北盆地高邮凹陷侵入岩形成时期及成因机制探讨[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(3):293-297.
[27] Walther J V,Orville P M.Volatile production and transport in regional metamorphism[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1982,79(3):252-257.
[28] Flowers G C,Helgeson H C.Equilibrium and mass transfer during progressive metamorphism of siliceous dolomites[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283(3):230-286.
[29] Haszeldine R S,Samson I M,Cornford C.Quartz diagenesis and convective movement:Beatrice Oilfield, UK,North Seafluid[J].Clay Minerals,1984,19(3):391-402.
[30] Simoneit B R T,Brenner S,Peters K E,et al.Thermal alteration of cretaceous black shale by basaltic intrucsions in the eastern Atlantic[J].Nature,1978,273:501-504.
[31] Dow W G.Kerogen studies and geological interpretations[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1977,7(2):79-99.
[32] Leif R N,Simoneit B R T.Ketones in hydrothermal petroleum and sediment extracts from Guaymas Basin,Gulf of California[J].Organic Geochemistry,1995,23(10):889-904.
[33] Rushdi A I,Simoneit B R T.Hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in sediments of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean:Part 1.Middle Valley,Juan de Fuca Ridge[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(11):1401-1428.
[34] Rushdi A I,Simoneit B R T.Hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in sediments of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean:Part 2.Escanaba Trough,Gorda Ridge[J].Applied Geochemistry,2002,17(11):1467-1494.
[35] Suchy V,Safanda J,Sykorová I,et al.Contact metamorphism of Silurian black shales by a basalt sill:Geological evidence and thermal modeling in the Barrandian Basin[J].Bulletin of Geosciences,2004,79(3):133-145.
[36] Saxby J D,Stephenson L C.Effect of igneous intrusion on oil shale at Rundle (Australia)[J].Chemical Geology,1987,63(1/2):1-16.
[37] Raymond A C,Murchison D G.Development of organic maturation in the thermal aureoles of sills and its relation to sediment compaction[J].Fuel,1988,67(12):1599-1608.
[38] Krynauw J R,Behr H J,Kerkhof A M V D.Sill emplacement in wet sediments:Fluid inclusion and cathodoluminescence studies at Crunehogna,western Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1994,151(5):777-794.
[39] 陈荣书,何生,王青玲,等.岩浆活动对有机质成熟作用的影响初探:以冀中葛渔城-文安地区为例[J].石油勘探与开发,1989,16(1):29-37.
[40] 陈安定,唐焰.苏北盆地热史、埋藏史研究及其对南黄海南部盆地油气勘探的启示[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):234-239.
[41] 江夏,周荔青.苏北盆地富油气凹陷形成与分布特征[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(4):319-325.
[42] 李儒峰,陈莉琼,李亚军,等.苏北盆地高邮凹陷热史恢复与成藏期判识[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):151-159.
[43] 陈安定.苏北盆地第三系烃源岩排烃范围及油气运移边界[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):630-636.
[44] 李亚辉.高邮凹陷北斜坡辉绿岩与油气成藏[J].地质力学学报,2000,6(2):17-22.
[45] 谢庆宾,朱筱敏.高邮凹陷北斜坡侵入岩热变质机理及其对围岩储层影响[R].江苏扬州:江苏油田分公司地质科学研究院,2008.
[46] 陈安定.苏北第三系盆地、断裂、圈闭形成的力学机制[J].小型油气藏,2003,8(1):1-5.
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