不同甘薯品种抗旱性评价及耐旱指标筛选
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摘要
在人工控水条件下,以15个甘薯品种为试验材料,设置干旱胁迫和正常灌水2个处理,研究了干旱胁迫条件下不同甘薯品种产量和农艺性状差异。根据产量抗旱系数法分级,抗旱品种(抗旱系数≥0.6)为济薯21、济薯25、济徐23、济薯15、烟薯25;中等抗旱品种(0.4≤抗旱系数<0.6)为徐薯18、济薯26、北京553、济紫薯2号、济薯18;不抗旱品种(抗旱系数<0.4)为郑薯20、济紫薯3号、济薯22、济紫薯1号、凌紫。干旱胁迫导致甘薯的叶片数、蔓长、叶面积系数和生物量下降,品种间降幅不同,抗旱性强的品种降幅小,抗旱性弱的品种降幅大。这些农艺性状指标与甘薯品种的抗旱性呈显著正相关,可作为甘薯品种抗旱性鉴定的指标。徐薯18可作为甘薯品种抗旱性鉴定的标准品种。
Field experiments were conducted under a rain proof shelter using 15 sweetpotato cultivars with drought stress treatment and well-watered treatment. The yield and agronomic traits of different sweetpotato cultivars under drought stress were studied. The sweetpotato cultivars were classified according to the drought resistance coefficient of each cultivar. The drought-tolerant cultivars(DC ≥ 0.6) included Jishu 21, Jishu 25, Jixu 23, Jishu 15, and Yanshu 25. The moderate drought-tolerant cultivars(0.4 ≤ DC < 0.6) included Xushu 18, Jishu 26, Beijing 553, Jizishu 2, and Jishu 18. The drought-sensitive cultivars(DC < 0.4) included Zhengshu 20, Jizishu 3, Jishu 22, Jizishu 1, and Ayamaraski. Drought stress caused the decline of leaf number per plant, vine length, leaf area index and biomass which was different among cultivars. The impact of drought stress on drought-tolerant cultivars was lower than that of drought-sensitive cultivars. Under drought stress, these were significant positive correlations of drought resistance with leaf number per plant, vine length, leaf area index and biomass of different cultivars. All the agronomic traits could be used as a comprehensive evaluation index for identifying drought resistance of sweetpotato cultivars.Xushu 18 could be used as a control cultivar in the identification and screening of drought tolerance.
Field experiments were conducted under a rain proof shelter using 15 sweetpotato cultivars with drought stress treatment and well-watered treatment. The yield and agronomic traits of different sweetpotato cultivars under drought stress were studied. The sweetpotato cultivars were classified according to the drought resistance coefficient of each cultivar. The drought-tolerant cultivars(DC ≥ 0.6) included Jishu 21, Jishu 25, Jixu 23, Jishu 15, and Yanshu 25. The moderate drought-tolerant cultivars(0.4 ≤ DC < 0.6) included Xushu 18, Jishu 26, Beijing 553, Jizishu 2, and Jishu 18. The drought-sensitive cultivars(DC < 0.4) included Zhengshu 20, Jizishu 3, Jishu 22, Jizishu 1, and Ayamaraski. Drought stress caused the decline of leaf number per plant, vine length, leaf area index and biomass which was different among cultivars. The impact of drought stress on drought-tolerant cultivars was lower than that of drought-sensitive cultivars. Under drought stress, these were significant positive correlations of drought resistance with leaf number per plant, vine length, leaf area index and biomass of different cultivars. All the agronomic traits could be used as a comprehensive evaluation index for identifying drought resistance of sweetpotato cultivars.Xushu 18 could be used as a control cultivar in the identification and screening of drought tolerance.
引文
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[2]刘天鹏,董孔军,何继红,任瑞玉,张磊,杨天育.糜子育成品种芽期抗旱性鉴定与评价研究.植物遗传资源学报,2014,15:746-752Liu T P,Dong K J,He J H,Ren R H,Zhang L,Yang T Y.Identification and evaluation on the drought resistance of broomcorn millet bred cultivars at germinating stage.J Plant Gene Resour,2014,15:746-752(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]王贺正,李艳,马均,张荣萍,李旭毅,汪仁全.水稻苗期抗旱性指标的筛选.作物学报,2007,33:1523-1529.Wang H Z,Li L,Ma J,Zhang R P,Li X Y,Wang R Q.Screening indexes of drought resistance during seedling stage in rice.Acta Agron Sin,2007,33:1523-1529(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]刘光辉,陈全家,吴鹏昊,曲延英,高文伟,杨军善,杜荣光.棉花花铃期抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选.植物遗传资源学报,2016,17:53-62.Liu G H,Chen Q J,Wu P H,Qu Y Y,Gao W W,Yang J S,Du RG.Screening and comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance indices of cotton at blossing and boll-forming stages.J Plant Gene Resour,2016,17:53-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]冯方剑,宋敏,陈全家,姚正培,李杨阳,刘艳,王兴安,曲延英.棉花苗期抗旱相关指标的主成分分析及综合评价.新疆农业大学学报,2011,34:211-217.Feng F J,Song M,Cheng Q J,Yao Z P,Li Y Y,Liu Y,Wang X A,Qu Y Y.Analysis and comprehensive evaluation on principal component of relative indices of drought resistance at the seedling stage of cotton.J Xinjiang Agric Univ,2011,34:211-217(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]罗俊杰,欧巧明,叶春雷,王方,王镛臻,陈玉梁.重要胡麻栽培品种的抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选.作物学报,2014,40:1259-1273.Luo J J,Ou Q M,Ye C L,Wang F,Wang Y Z,Chen Y L.Comprehensive valuation of drought resistance and screening of indices of important flax cultivars.Acta Agron Sin,2014,40:1259-1273(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]史加亮,李凤瑞,张东楼,王士立,田春利,杨秀凤.抗虫棉品种(系)主要农艺性状配合力与遗传力分析.山东农业科学,2014,46(1):23-26.Shi J L,Li F R,Zhang D L,Wang S L,Tian C L,Yang X F.Analysis on combining ability and heritability of main agronomic characters of Insect resistant cotton varieties(lines).Shandong Agric Sci,2014,46(1):23-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]黎裕.作物抗旱鉴定方法与指标.干旱地区农业研究,1993,11(1):91-99.Li Y.The identification method and index for crop drought resistance.Agric Res Arid Area,1993,11(1):91-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]Paleg L G,Aspinall D.The physiology and biochemistry of drought resistance in plants.Crop Prot,1981,2:380-381.
[10]Ruiz M C,Domingo R,Torrecillas A,Pérezpastor A.Water stress preconditioning to improve drought resistance in young apricot plants.Plant Sci,2000,156:245-251.
[11]Subbarao G V,Chauhan Y S,Johansen C.Patterns of osmotic adjustment in pigeonpea:its importance as a mechanism of drought resistance.Eur J Agron,2000,12:239-249.
[12]Wang H Y,Huang Y C,Chen S F,Yeh K W.Molecular cloning,characterization and gene expression of a water deficiency and chilling induced proteinase inhibitor I gene family from sweet potato leaves.Plant Sci,2003,165:191-203.
[13]张明生,刘志,戚金亮,张丽霞,杨永华.甘薯品种抗旱适应性综合评价的方法研究.热带亚热带植物学报,2005,13:469-474.Zhang M S,Liu Z,Qi J L,Zhang L X,Yang Y H.Methods of comprehensive evaluation for drought resistance in sweet potato cultivars.J Trop Subtrop Bot,2005,13:469-474(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]张明生,谢波,戚金亮,谈锋,张启堂,杨永华.甘薯植株形态、生长势和产量与品种抗旱性的关系.热带作物学报,2006,27(1):39-43.Zhang M S,Xie B,Qi J L,Tan F,Zhang Q T,Yang Y H.Relationship of drought resistance of sweet potato with its plant type,growth vigour and yield under water stress.Chin J Trop Crops,2006,27(1):39-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]张明生,张丽霞,戚金亮,谈锋,杨春贤.甘薯品种抗旱适应性的主成分分析.贵州农业科学,2006,34(1):11-14.Zhang M S,Zhang L X,Qi J L,Tan F,Yang C X.Principal component analysis on drought resistant adaptability of sweet potato cultivars.Guizhou Agric Sci,2006,34(1):11-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]颜振德,朱崇文,盛家廉.甘薯品种的耐旱性及其鉴定方法的研究.作物学报,1964,3:183-194.Yan Z D,Zhu C W,Sheng J L.Studies on the drought resistant characters of sweet potato varieties.Acta Agron Sin,1964,3:183-194(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]袁振,汪宝卿,姜瑶,解备涛,董顺旭,张海燕,段文学,王庆美,张立明.甘薯耐旱性品种苗期筛选及耐旱性指标研究.山东农业科学,2015,47(3):22-26.Yuan Z,Wang B Q,Jiang Y,Xie B T,Dong S X,Zhang H Y,Duan W X,Wang Q M,Zhang L M.Seedling screening of drought resistance varietiesof sweetpotato and drought resistance index research.Shandong Agric Sci,2015,47(3):22-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]刘恩良,曹清河,唐君,金平.甘薯抗旱鉴定及生理响应研究.新疆农业科学,2016,53:999-1005.Liu E L,Cao Q H,Tang J,Jin P.Studies on drought resistance identification and physiological response of sweet potato.Xinjiang Agric Sci,2016,53:999-1005(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]周志林,唐君,金平,刘恩良,曹清河,赵冬兰,张安.甘薯抗旱鉴定及旱胁迫对甘薯叶片生理特性的影响.西南农业学报,2016,29:1052-1056.Zhou Z L,Tang J,Jin P,Liu E L,Cao Q H,Zhao D L,Zhang A.Identification of drought resistance and effect of soil drought on physiological characteristics of sweetpotato.Southwest Chin JAgric Sci,2016,29:1052-1056(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]张明生,谈锋,张启堂.快速鉴定甘薯品种抗旱性的生理指标及方法的筛选.中国农业科学,2001,34:260-265.Zhang M S,Tan F,Zhang Q T.Physiology indices for rapid identification of sweet potato drought resistance and selection of methods.Sci Agric Sin,2001,34:260-265(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]王留梅,毛守民,潘明华,周利霞.甘薯叶面积系数田间速测方法初探.中国农学通报,2001,17(6):82,90.Wang L M,Mao S M,Pan M H,Zhou L X.Field measurement method of leaf area index of sweet potato.Chin Agric Sci Bull,2001,17(6):82,90(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]张木清,陈如凯.作物抗旱分子生理与遗传改良.北京:科学出版社,2005.pp 22-23.Zhang M Q,Chen R K.Drought Resistant Molecular Physiology and Genetic Improvement of Crops.Beijing:Science Press,2005.pp 22-23(in Chinese).
[23]Mardeh A S S,Ahmadi A,Poustini K,Mohammadi V.Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions.Field Crops Res,2006,98:222-229.
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