低渗-致密砂岩储层“甜点”成因机制研究——以西湖凹陷X气田花港组为例
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摘要
为探索海上深层低渗-致密气藏"甜点"类型及成因,基于产能在"甜点"评价过程中的重要性,以及海上油气田勘探开发初期资料稀缺的现实,采用R_(35)计算产能,对西湖凹陷X气田"甜点"进行分类评价,提出了以R_(35)为主要参数,以孔隙度、渗透率、孔隙结构类型和束缚水饱和度等为辅助参数,综合评价海上少井地区"甜点"的方法.研究结果表明:研究区可分为两类"甜点",I类"甜点"为高产气藏,主要分布在H3段,R_(35)大于2.7μm,I类孔隙结构占主导,束缚水饱和度小于45%;H4和H5层段主要发育致密储层,II类"甜点"作为H4和H5段后期开发的"潜力层",为低产气藏,1.5μm>R_(35)≥0.6μm,以III类和IV类孔隙结构为主,束缚水饱和度处于52%~61%.沉积作用为"甜点"发育的内因,控制储层的原始物性,压实作用是I类"甜点"的主控因素;溶蚀作用改善I类"甜点"储层物性,并控制II类"甜点"的发育;胶结作用是影响"甜点"发育的重要因素,伊利石和伊蒙混层是分布最广的黏土矿物,与储层R_(35)具有明显的负相关关系.绿泥石与储层R_(35)无明显相关性,但对I类"甜点"储层具有一定的指示意义.碳酸盐胶结只是在局部发育,对"甜点"影响有限.
Production capacity is important in the"sweet spot"evaluation process.The information of offshore oil and gas fields is scarce at the beginning of exploration and development.To explore the types and causes of"sweet spot"in deep and low permeability reservoirs,the production capacity was calculated by R35.According to the calculated capacity,the types of"sweet spot"of X gas field in Xihu sag were divided.The method of evaluating "sweet spot"based on R35,with the parameters such as porosity,permeability,pore structure type and water saturation,was put forward.The results show that"sweet spot" can be divided into two categories.Type I"sweet spot"is prolific gas reservoir,the R35 of which is greater than 2.7μm.It mainly distributes in H3 formation,and develops type I pore structure,of which there is less than 45% bound water saturation.As the potential development layer in the H4 and H5 formation,type II"sweet spot",the R35 of which is between 0.6 and 1.5μm,is low-yield gas reservoir,mainly developing type III and IV pore structures and containing bound water between 52% and 61%.Compaction is the main controlling factor of type I"sweet spot".Dissolution improves reservoir property of type I"sweet spot"and controls type II"sweet spot"development.Cementation is an important factor,and the influence degree of different cementing material is different.Illite and illite/smectite,which are the most widely distributed clay minerals,are negatively correlated with reservoir R35.Chlorite has no obvious correlation with reservoir R35,but has certain instruction significance on type I"sweet spot"reservoir.Carbonate cementation is only partially developed and has limited effect on"sweet spot".
Production capacity is important in the"sweet spot"evaluation process.The information of offshore oil and gas fields is scarce at the beginning of exploration and development.To explore the types and causes of"sweet spot"in deep and low permeability reservoirs,the production capacity was calculated by R35.According to the calculated capacity,the types of"sweet spot"of X gas field in Xihu sag were divided.The method of evaluating "sweet spot"based on R35,with the parameters such as porosity,permeability,pore structure type and water saturation,was put forward.The results show that"sweet spot" can be divided into two categories.Type I"sweet spot"is prolific gas reservoir,the R35 of which is greater than 2.7μm.It mainly distributes in H3 formation,and develops type I pore structure,of which there is less than 45% bound water saturation.As the potential development layer in the H4 and H5 formation,type II"sweet spot",the R35 of which is between 0.6 and 1.5μm,is low-yield gas reservoir,mainly developing type III and IV pore structures and containing bound water between 52% and 61%.Compaction is the main controlling factor of type I"sweet spot".Dissolution improves reservoir property of type I"sweet spot"and controls type II"sweet spot"development.Cementation is an important factor,and the influence degree of different cementing material is different.Illite and illite/smectite,which are the most widely distributed clay minerals,are negatively correlated with reservoir R35.Chlorite has no obvious correlation with reservoir R35,but has certain instruction significance on type I"sweet spot"reservoir.Carbonate cementation is only partially developed and has limited effect on"sweet spot".
引文
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[2]尤丽,张迎朝,李才,等.基于沉积成岩-储集相分析确定文昌9区低渗储层“甜点”分布[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2014,44(5):1432-1440.YOU Li,ZHANG Yingchao,LI Cai,et al.Based on analysis of sedimentary-diagenetic reservoir facies to determine“sweet spots”distribution in low permeability from Wenchang 9area[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2014,44(5):1432-1440.
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[5]郑磊,金之钧,张哨楠.中东鲁卜哈利盆地古生界致密砂岩储层特征及评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(4):475-482.ZHENG Lei,JIN Zhijun,ZHANG Xiaonan.Features and evaluation of the Palaeozoic tight sandstone reservoirs of the Rub Al Khali basin in the Middle East[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,24(4):95-102.
[6]杨正明,张英芝,郝明强,等.低渗透油田储层综合评价方法[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):64-67.YANG Zhengming,ZHANG Yingzhi,HAOMingqiang,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of reservoir in low-permeability oilfields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):64-67.
[7]苏奥,陈红汉.东海盆地西湖凹陷油岩地球化学特征及原油成因来源[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2015,40(6):1072-1082.SU Ao,CHEN Honghan.Geochemical characteristics of oil and source rock,origin and genesis of oil in Xihu depression,East China Sea basin[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2015,40(6):1072-1082.
[8]苏奥,陈红汉,陈旭,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖构造带致密砂岩储层成岩成藏的耦合关系[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(3):1016-1026.SU Ao,CHEN Honghan,CHEN Xu,et al.Coupling relationship between diagenetic evolution and oil and gas accumulation of tight sand stone reservoir in Pinghu structural belt in Xihu depression,Eastern Sea basin[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(3):1016-1026.
[9]蔡华,张建培,唐贤君.西湖凹陷断裂系统特征及其控藏机制[J].天然气工业,2014,34(10):18-26.CAI Hua,ZHANG Jianpei,TANG Xianjun.Charateristics of the fault systems and their control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Xihu sag,East China Sea shelf basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(10):18-26.
[10]陶士振,邹才能.东海盆地西湖凹陷天然气成藏及分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):103-110.TAO Shizhen,ZOU Caineng.Accumulation and distribution of natural gases in Xihu sag,East China Sea basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(4):103-110.
[11]林承焰,孙小龙,马存飞,等.西湖凹陷中央反转构造带花港组储层物性演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):820-829.LIN Chengyan,SUN Xiaolong,MA Cunfei,et al.Physical property evolution of Huagang formation in central inversion tectonic belt in Xihu depression[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(4):820-829.
[12]曹冰.西湖凹陷中央反转构造带花港组致密砂岩储层埋藏史:热史[J].成都理工大学学报(自科版),2016,43(4):405-414.CAO Bing.Study of burial and thermal history of Huagang formation tight sandstone reservoir in central reversal structural belt,Xihu depression,East China Sea[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2016,43(4):405-414.
[13]苏奥.东海盆地西湖凹陷中央反转构造带油气成藏控制因素[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2014:65-70.SU Ao.Controllingfactors of oil and gas accumulation of central inversion tectonic belt in Xihu depression,East China Sea basin[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2014:65-70.
[14]蔡全升.东海盆地西湖凹陷中央隆起带古近系花港组储层特征及成岩孔隙演化[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):733-740.CAI Quansheng.Reservoir characteristics and evolution of diagenetic porosity of Huagang formation of Paleogene in the central anticlinal belt of Xihu sag,Donghai basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):733-740.
[15]张晨晨,王玉满,董大忠,等.四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩脆性评价与“甜点层”预测[J].天然气工业,2016,36(9):51-60.ZHANG Chenchen,WANG Yuman,DONGDazhong,et al.Evaluation of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale brittleness and prediction of“sweet spot”layers in the Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(9):51-60.
[16]刘春燕.致密碎屑岩储层“甜点”形成及保持机理:以鄂尔多斯盆地西南部镇泾地区延长组长8油层组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(6):873-879.LIU Chunyan.Formation and preservation mechanism of sweet spot in tight clastic reservoirs:a case study of Chang 8oil layer of Yanchang formation in Zhenjing area,southwest Ordos basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(6):873-879.
[17]STANLEY KOLODZIE JR.Analysis of pore throat size and use of the Waxman-Smits equation to determine OOIP in pindle field,Colorado[J].SPE,1980,9382:21-24.
[18]JERRY LUCIA F.Characterization of petrophysical flow units in carbonate reservoirs:discussion[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1997,41(5):827-832.
[19]AGUILERA R.Incorporating capillary pressure,pore throat aperture radii,height above free-water table,and Winlandr 35value son Pickett plots[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(4):605-624.
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